COLD WAR. End of WWII The end of the war turned one time allies into two different sides of a new conflict USSRUSA The USSR and the USA turned against.

Unit 13

COLD WAR

End of WWII

The end of the war turned one time allies into two different sides of a new conflict

The USSR and the USA turned against each other in a political battle of thrust

Background of the Cold War

Soviet: the featured goal of the USSR was the spread of communism around the world

US: to counter this, the US enacted a policy known as “Containment”: the attempt to stop the spread of communism in the world

Two Different Ideologies

Yalta: Early in the 1st year of WWII - the Allied leaders (FDR,Churchill,Stalin) met to discuss the end of the war and what post-war Europe would look like Potsdam: in the final days of the war

(Truman instead of FDR)-Divided up Germany – giving each of the 4 major allies a zone to run (US,Great Britain,France,USSR)

Allied Conferences

Eastern Europe- after freeing Eastern European countries from German control the Soviets were suppose to give back there freedom

“Spheres of Influence”- USSR dominated Eastern Europe so the US and Great Britain tried to influence rest of Europe

“Iron Curtain”- an imaginary line that descended over the center of Europe, dividing the communist east from the free west

Soviet Expansion

Truman Doctrine: US plan to stop the spread of communism around the world

Marshall Plan: an economic plan proposed by US Secretary of State George Marshall

-plan offered economic aid to war torn European nations to help rebuild their economy and keep the threat of communism there at bay NATO: 12 member nations, led by US,

agreed to support one another in a military alliance

American reaction to Soviets

US occupation of Japan- For nearly 7 years after WWII US helped Japan rebuild

physically and economically- US needed allies in Asia and wanted a strong Japan on its side

Domino Theory: belief that if communism was not stopped someplace, neighboring nations would fall to communism and continue to fall; much like a line of dominoes will fall if 1st one is tipped over

Korean War: after WWII Korea was split into 2 North-communist South-democratic

- North invaded south to make 1 communist nation- United Nations stopped the invasion

CONTAINMENT

Berlin Airlift- Communists tried to force the allies out of

Berlin- Cut off all supply routes into Berlin- The allies flew supplies for almost a year- Communists finally ended the blockadeEisenhower Doctrine- US would use military if needed to support

nations in the Middle East that were threatened by communist aggression

Cold War Crisis

Arms Race- Race between 2 “super powers” (US and

USSR) to gather bigger, better, and more weapons

Space Race- Began when USSR put Sputnik satellite into

orbit in 1957- Mostly a race for national pride- US spent millions of dollars to increase

education in sciences and math- US eventually 1st to orbit and land on the

moon

Rosenbergs- controversial trial accusing Julius and Ethel

Rosenberg of transferring secrets about the atomic bomb program to communists

- convicted – sentenced to die – executedMcCarthyism- Word used to describe a controversial “witch hunt”

based on little evidence, rumors, lies, bullying, and many other unprofessional actions

- Many of the time violating individual’s rights and often ruining people’s reputations un necessarily

Cold War at Home