Cold War SS8
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Cold WarSS8
Cold War: Key Ideas Following World War II, a new conflict began between the two remaining
Superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union.
A fear of communism gripped America in the decade just after World War II.
The Cold War got "hot" a few times, most notably in the Korean War, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War.
The competition also sparked races in both arms and space, as each power looked to develop more and more destructive weapons and pioneer further into space
The United States tried containment of communism in Europe by using the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine.
The Soviet Union tried to counteract the United States actions and support communism for the countries in the Iron Curtain by creating the Warsaw Pact.
The allied countries formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to protect countries against the attack of an outside force.
A common idea during the Cold War was the Domino Theory. It was believed that if one country in an area would become Communist then all would follow.
ACTIVITY: Vocabulary crossword puzzle
How did the Cold War Erupt?
WWII Quiz
What is The Cold War?
rivalry that developed between the United States and
Soviet Union following the end of WWII.
Political, economic in nature and had limited recourse to
weapons.
Soviet Union Soviet Union (USSR – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Communist
Communism – A type of government and economic system. Individuals do not own land, factories, or machinery. Instead, the government owns all these things.
General Secretary – Joseph Stalin
50million – 100million people killed under his RULE
After war, spreading communism in countries occupied by USSR in Eastern Europe
http://www.history.com/topics/joseph-stalin/videos/joseph-stalin-fast-facts
US wanted to STOP spread of communism
Origins of the Cold War Capitalist Western democracies in conflict with communist
Soviet Russia Capitalism – an economic and political system in which a
country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit
After WWII, USSR occupied Eastern European states freed from Nazis and Eastern Germany
President Truman of US wanted to protect Western Europe from Soviet expansion
Result = Cold War – conflict of US vs Soviet Union. There were no direct military campaigns between the two. Lasted about 45 years.
Containment Stop the spread of communism
Truman Doctrine (1947) – Promised aid to people
struggling to resist threats to democratic freedom
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
April 4, 1949
Treaty among US, Canada, and Western European nations
Pledge to protect one another
Marshall Plan
Offered 13 billion in aid to western and southern Europe
Stalin forbid Soviet occupied countries from taking aid
Germany’s Split Divided among allies (Soviet
Union, US, France, Britain)
Soviet Union occupied Eastern Germany
Berlin – capital of Germany – split into 4 sections
1948 – Stalin blocked Western access to Berlin
US response is Berlin Airlift
Americans (assisted by British and French), airlifted supplies to West Berlin
Food, clothing, coal
After 11 months, Soviet lifted blockade
Berlin Wall -- 1961
Activity Read “The Cold War Erupts”
Create a timeline using the events listed.
Put the events in order on a timeline
Give a brief description (1-2 sentences/ picture) of the
event
WARM UP: Watch the video and
jot down 5 facts
How does the cold war continue to impact us today?
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cold-war-history
Go over video Q&A
Why did the US get involved in
Korea and Vietnam?United Nations:
Formed in 1945, by the Allies of WWII
Goal is to prevent World War 3
Five permanent members are United States, Great Britain, France, China, and Soviet Union
Chinese Civil War 1927 – 1936; 1945-1950
The war was interrupted when Japan invaded China in 1936 and by World War II.
Fought between
The Nationalist Government of China, led by Chiang Kai Shek, supported by the United States
the Communist Party of China, led by Mao Zedong, supported by the Soviet Union
In 1949, The People’s Republic of China was formed under communist rule
The National Government of China leaders fled to Taiwan
Korean War1950 - 1953
Before World War II the Korean Peninsula had been a part of Japan.
After the war it was divided up:
Northern half the Soviet Union
Southern half United States.
The two sides were divided at the 38th parallel.
North Korea attacks South Korea, June 26, 1950
United Nations provided forces, mostly from the United States, to support South Korea
The war shifted from protecting South Korea to ending communism in North Korea
US involvement in Korea was motivated by its desire to stop the spread of communism and to protect its interest in Japan
War ended in a stalemate and the two sides remain split
Activity Read “The Korean War”
Write the following questions and answer them in your notes:1. What does Pres. Truman argue to be a threat to world peace?
2. Why does Pres. Truman want to become involved when North Korea invaded South Korea?
3. According to Pres. Truman, what factors contributed to the war lasting longer than Pres. Truman had hoped?
4. What did Gen. MacArthur think of Pres. Truman’s approach to communism in Asia?
5. What problems did the US troops struggle with early in the war?
6. How did Gen. MacArthur want to end the war and stop the spread of communism?
7. How did the war end?
Korean War: ActivitiesWARM UP: New assigned seats and interims
The Korean War Video:
https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/ab7b2
224-5008-49ec-82fe-cabafb06e543
Review “The Korean War” Q&A answers
Korean War through photos and text packet.
WARM UP Make 3-5 observations about
this political cartoon
What theory does this
cartoon represent?
What do you think the artist
is concerned about?
https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/7B41CA2D-
78B0-4887-AE25-1A01743D5E40?hasLocalHost=false
Vietnam War1955 - 1975
Before World War II, Vietnam was a French colony.
Communists (Vietcong) were led by Ho Chi Minh and wanted freedom from France.
1954, French pulled out of Vietnam; it was divided into communist North Vietnam and democratic South Vietnam
US provided backing to South Vietnam
US was motivated to join the war effort in hopes of containing, or preventing the spread of, communism
It was a very difficult war
http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history
President Richard Nixon decided to end US involvement in the war.
In April of 1975 South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam.
The country was unified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam - a communist country.
The US lost the Vietnam War
major blow in the Cold War.
US embarrassment
Activities
Read: The Vietnam War
Read: Acting Commanders in Chief
Read the scenario and write how you think you would
respond if you were the president and dealing with this
situation
Using the Open Compare/ Contrast graphic organizer
to compare/ contrast the Korean War and the Vietnam
War
Warm Uphttp://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-
history/videos/a-soldiers-story-khe-
sanh?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
Activity
STATIONS
Ho Chi Mihn
The Draft
Military deaths
Songs of the Vietnam War
Agent Orange
Booby Traps
The Cu Chi Tunnels
REFLECTION
Write a response to the
following: Given what you
have learned about the
Vietnam War
Do you think the war was
justified? Why or Why not?
(give at least three
supporting reasons)
Do you think the US could
have won this war? Why or
why not? (give at least three
supporting reasons)
Why did the Cuban Missile Crisis almost result in a nuclear war?
WARM UP
Write a response to the following question:
How do you think it would feel to know that nuclear weapons were aimed at your city, and could be deployed at any minute?
Go over “America Story of US: Boomers” Q&A
Precautions During the Cold War, many
people worried about the
possibility of a nuclear attack
and fallout.
Precautions were put into
place.
“Duck and Cover” Video:
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=IKqXu-5jw60
What might be an example of
a precaution drill we do
today?
Precautions Fallout Shelters:
Enclosed space designed to
protect occupants from
radioactive debris, or “fallout,”
that results from a nuclear
explosion.
Once a nuclear weapon had
been fired, radiation levels
remain deadly for months
Designed to minimize occupants
exposure to harmful fallout
Built below ground, at depths
where radiation would not seep
Review The Cold War was the rivalry that developed between the United
States and the Soviet Union after World War II, which persisted for nearly 45 years.
While the United States and Soviet Union were allies during WWII, their alliance quickly broke down after Germany surrendered because Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader, began setting up totalitarian governments—governments that controlled all aspects of peoples’ lives—instead of democratic governments in Eastern Europe as he originally promised.
The Cold War describes the tense and hostile relationship that developed between the Soviet Union and the U.S. following WWII.
The communist government of the Soviet Union wanted to convert other countries to communism. The US pledged to support free countries so they could resist communism. Both countries had nuclear weapons and were capable of launching a nuclear war.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Background
Many Western European countries sided with the US to form NATO (National Atlantic Treaty Organization) in 1949.
Many Eastern European countries signed the Warsaw Pact and formed an alliance with the Soviet Union.
Cuba, located only 90 miles off the coast of Florida, sided with the Soviet Union after Fidel Castro came to power in 1959.
The Cuban Missile Crisis was one of the major peaks of the Cold War, bringing the world the closest it has ever been to a nuclear war.
Bay of Pigs
In 1959, Fidel Castro gained control of Cuba, seized property, and took aid from Khrushchev in the Soviet Union
Under Pres. Eisenhower, the CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade the island and overthrow of Castro
In 1961, Pres. Kennedy (JFK) authorized the plan, but the Bay of Pigs invasion failed after JFK called off air strikes on Cuba
The Cuban Missile Crisis
After the failure at the Bay of Pigs, Soviet leader Khrushchev promised to defend Cuba from the USA
In 1962, U.S. spy planes revealed nuclear missile camps in Cuba If assembled, Soviet ICBMs
(inter-continental ballistic missiles) in Cuba would give the USSR first strike capability on U.S. targets
JFK warned that he would not allow nuclear missiles in Cuba
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cuban-missile-crisis
Why did the Cuban Missile Crisis
almost result in a nuclear war?
WARM UP:
Make 3-5 observations of
this political cartoon
What does the big monster
hand symbolize?
What struggle are the
individuals in the cartoon
dealing with?
What is the message of this
cartoon?
Activities READ: The Cuban Missile
Crisis: An Overview
LISTEN: President Kennedy’s address to the US people during the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis: https://archive.org/details/jfks19621022
Respond to the guided listening questions in your guided notes packet
READ: The Cuban Missile Crisis
Respond to Q & A
Cuban Missile Crisis
The standoff ended when a deal was reached:
Soviet ships turned around at the last minute and The Soviet Union removed its missiles from Cuba
JFK promised that the U.S. would not invade Cuba and secretly agreed to remove ICBMs from Turkey
The USA and Soviet Union would refrain from attacking each other because Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) - doctrine stating the U.S. and Soviet Union would each be able to inflict unacceptable damage on the other in retaliation for a nuclear attack.
The crisis ended as a victory for JFK, but it revealed how close the two sides came to nuclear war
How did the Cold War End?WARM UP:
Turn in current event
https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/D49C37
D2-E7CF-4FB4-83B8-
2B60E5768C62?hasLocalHost=false
Détente
During the 1970’s tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union, as well as relations with China, began to improve.
1972, Pres. Richard Nixon formed official diplomatic ties with
China
Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev then began to negotiate a
reduction of tensions with Pres. Richard Nixon
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)
This is a continuation of earlier policies to limit Nuclear Arms in the world
Eased fears of nuclear war
This period is known as Détente (French for Relaxing)
“Cooling” of Cold War
Cold War Heats Up Again
Tensions became heated again in 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to keep a pro-Communist government in power
This was an expensive war for the USSR.
Soviet troop withdrawals from Afghanistan began in 1988 and were completed in 1989.
U.S. President Reagan began to build up America’s military and nuclear arms
Problems with the Soviet Command economy (not free market) prevented them from keeping up and maintaining stability at home at the same time
The Final Stages
As Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and Reagan were locked in the struggle, a Soviet crisis emerged: The Soviet Union was in a terrible economic bind. The government was spending all its money on the arms
race with the U.S. The Russian people (and those in Soviet Union) were
suffering and very angry
The Final Stages Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev tried to end Cold War tensions
when he came to power in 1985
He implemented two new policies:1. Perestroika – Restructuring the command economy; allow for private
ownership of some businesses.2. Glasnost – “openness”; greater transparency in the Soviet
government; allowing more freedom of speech and freedom of the press
The Final Stages Gorbachev’s calls for
reforms sparked demands for democracy across Eastern Europe
In 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down and Germany was reunited into a single, democratic country
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-wall
The Final Stages Many of the Soviet
republics began calling for independence in 1990-1991
The Baltic republics of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia were the first to gain their independence.
Gorbachev lost power and the Soviet Union dissolved in December of 1991
The Cold War is officially over!
Results of the Cold War1. The Soviet Union is gone
2. Many Soviet Socialist republics become independent states; 15 in all
3. Eastern Europe is free
4. The Cold War tension effectively ends
5. Germany is reunited
6. Communism remains in only five countries: China, North Korea, Vietnam,
Cuba, and Laos
7. The U.S. has a big debt
8. Relations between Russia and U.S. begin to rebuild but still not great
Activities
Detente
Create a cartoon – Due Friday, May 20 Choose one of the following as
your title
1. Collapse of the Soviet Union
2. End of the Cold War
3. Fall of Communism
Fold your blank paper into 8 squares (4x2).
Give each of your squares one of the following eight titles
1. Détente
2. Afghanistan War
3. Russian economy
4. Perestroika and Glasnost
5. Berlin Wall
6. Protests
7. Results of the Cold War ending
8. Results of the Cold War ending
Fill in your comic strip boxes with a caption and drawing for that title
Example for Cartoon
Take home quiz – Due Monday, May 23
It is time
to chill
with the
Soviet
Union
Related Documents
