Cold War

PowerPoint Presentation

Cold WarUSH-7.5I. Us versus ThemUnited States vs Soviet UnionCapitalism vs CommunismDemocracy vs CommunismSuperpower vs SuperpowerEastern Europe: free or a buffer against GermanyOur nuclear weapons vs their nuclear weaponsChurchill calls it the Iron Curtain

I. Us versus Them

Yalta Conference allows USSR to dominate Eastern EuropeThe US does not want USSRs help in JapanWe drop the atomic bombs before they can help defeat the JapaneseShows US doesnt need help from the USSRShows off US atomic capabilities

II. GermanySoviet Union got to Berlin 1st during WWIIGermany AND Berlin are split into four sections between:USEnglandFranceUSSR

II. GermanyBerlin BlockadeUSSR set up a blockade to prevent resupplying West BerlinThey want democracy out of their territory Berlin Airlift (1948-49)US/GB flew almost 5,000 tons of stuff everyday into BerlinWas so effective, the Soviets lifted the blockade

II. GermanyWest Germany is made from US, GB, and French sectorsDemocratic & CapitalistWest Berlin is still a part of itEast Germany is run by the SovietsCommunist

II. GermanyBerlin WallCommunists kept leaving East Berlin for West BerlinAll the best peopleStarting in 1961, the Soviets built fences and walls around West Berlin to keep Communists from getting inGrew and grew until it came down in 1989

III. American PoliciesContainmentKeep communism where it is and not allow it to spreadTruman Doctrine promised to keep communism in EuropeUS backed Greece and Turkey fighting communist rebelsSoviet Union backed the rebels

III. American Policies

Domino TheoryIf one nation falls to communism, its neighbors will fall alsoLeads to US fighting many places to stop spread of communismUSSR is next to China which is next to North Korea which is next to

III. American PoliciesMarshall PlanWestern Europe was war-torn & economically weakUS loaned $13 Billion to those nations$133,829,214,890.86 todayThey would buy materials and goods from the US to rebuildThey would love capitalism and stay our allies

IV. West vs. EastNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Created by the US and European allies Mutual defensive alliance against the USSRAn attack on one member was the same as attack on allUSSR created Warsaw Pact to oppose itCollection of the nations they controlled after WWII and had made communistMutual defensive alliance against the US

V. Korean Conflict (1950 53)After WWII, Korea was liberated from JapanThey could not decide whether to be communist or democraticDecision was made to make two KoreasNorth Korea would be communistSouth Korea would be democraticThey would be split at the 38th Parallel

V. Korean Conflict (1950 53)N. Korea invaded S. KoreaUS asked the United Nations to do somethingUS and SK troops take police actionUS pushes NK back to Chinese borderChina enters and pushes back into SKUS pushes back to 38th ParallelWhere they started

VI. Red ScareAmericans begin to fear communism moreAirliftChina turns CommunistUSSR gets atomic bombsKorean WarRepublicans say Democrats are too softLeads to McCarthyism

VI. Red ScareSenator Joseph McCarthyAttacks hundreds of diplomats, artists and govt employeesShouted that they were communistsMade up almost every accusationTelevised hearings show McCarthy as a bullyRuined many people

VII. Space RaceSoviet Union launched the 1st satellite in 1957SputnikUS passed the National Defense Education ActPromotes science and math Counteract the fear that capitalism made America less competitive

VII. Space Race1st man in space is Soviet Yuri GagarinFirst American in space is Alan Shepard in 1961July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong is 1st person to walk on the Moon

VII. Space RaceLeads to an arms raceBuild up of weaponsEspecially nuclear weaponsCreates Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)If one missile is launched, all the rest are launched and we all dieMany arms reduction treaties in the last 25 years

VIII. Cuba

US supported Cuba since Spanish-American WarFidel Castro overthrew the govtNationalized American-owned propertiesBefriended USSRUS trained some exiles to start an uprising at the Bay of PigsEpic failUS embargos CubaVIII. CubaCuban Missile CrisisIn 1962, US spy planes took pics of nuke sites being built in CubaJFK put a naval blockade around Cuba to stop USSR from delivering the nukesSoviets turned around at the last second (13 Days)Hot line was installed in DC and Moscow

IX. Middle EastUS has supported Israel since its creation and USSR/Russia has supported its Arab neighborsOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)Nations set up an oil embargo in the 1970sRaised the price of gas to 70/gallonRationing was awful in US

IX. Middle EastIranCIA helped the Shah overthrow a rival that supported the USSR and wanted to nationalize oilSupported the Shahs repressive ruleShah was overthrown by fundamentalist Islamic group in 1979Held 150 American hostages for over a year

IX. Middle EastAfghanistanSoviets attacked in 1979US supported the Mujahideen b/c they were anti-communistMany became the Taliban who supported al QaedaLed to the US boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow

X. The End

Mikhail Gorbachev (USSR) creates:Glasnost (openness)Increased transparency in the govt and its operationsPerestroika (rebuilding)Restructuring the Soviet system of govt and economic systemE. Europe revolts and USSR lets them goBerlin Wall comes down in 1990