Cold War

Worlds Of HistoryWorlds Of History

Chapter 26: The Cold War & The Chapter 26: The Cold War & The Third WorldThird World

China, Vietnam, Cuba, and China, Vietnam, Cuba, and Afghanistan (1945-1989)Afghanistan (1945-1989)

Who made up the Third World?Who made up the Third World?

Page: 982 “…leaders of some of these new Page: 982 “…leaders of some of these new states declared themselves states declared themselves “noncommitted” to communism or “noncommitted” to communism or capitalism - they were members of a “Third capitalism - they were members of a “Third World” caught between the first two.”World” caught between the first two.”

Who were the first two?Who were the first two?

Document 1:Document 1:

The Global Cold WarThe Global Cold War-Odd Arne Westad-Odd Arne Westad

““The United States and the Soviet Union The United States and the Soviet Union were driven to intervene in the Third World were driven to intervene in the Third World by the ideologies inherent in their politics.” by the ideologies inherent in their politics.” pg. 983pg. 983

Why?Why? What were these What were these ideologiesideologies? ?

Document 1:Document 1:

The Global Cold WarThe Global Cold War-Odd Arne Westad-Odd Arne Westad

How were Cold War interventions in the How were Cold War interventions in the Third World reminiscent of new Third World reminiscent of new imperialism during the late colonial era?imperialism during the late colonial era?

Pg. 984Pg. 984

Document 1:Document 1:

The Global Cold WarThe Global Cold War-Odd Arne Westad-Odd Arne Westad

Page 985 describes the Cold War as a Page 985 describes the Cold War as a contest between two superpowers. contest between two superpowers.

Pretend you are associated with the Third Pretend you are associated with the Third World. World.

What side would you identify with? What What side would you identify with? What justifies your reasoning? justifies your reasoning?

Document 1:Document 1:

The Global Cold WarThe Global Cold War-Odd Arne Westad-Odd Arne Westad

Page 987Page 987 ““There were two main reasons for the There were two main reasons for the

perpetuation of war…conviction among perpetuation of war…conviction among local elites that their aims were local elites that their aims were necessary necessary and moraland moral…change was not just possible …change was not just possible but but necessarynecessary……almost any price was almost any price was reasonablereasonable for defeating hunger, disease, for defeating hunger, disease, ignorance, and injustice.”ignorance, and injustice.”

Do Do youyou agree? Why or why not? agree? Why or why not?

Document 2:Document 2:

X [George Kennan]X [George Kennan]The Sources of Soviet ConductThe Sources of Soviet Conduct

Pages 990-991Pages 990-991 Why did Kennan write with the Why did Kennan write with the

pseudonym of X?pseudonym of X? What was his proposed policy?What was his proposed policy? What did Kennan mean by offering What did Kennan mean by offering

up a tactic of “containment” and up a tactic of “containment” and how was that plan executed?how was that plan executed?

What did Kennan mean when he What did Kennan mean when he wrote, “American policies are by no wrote, “American policies are by no means limited to holding the line means limited to holding the line and hoping for the best.”and hoping for the best.”

Document 3:Document 3:

The Vietnamese Declaration of The Vietnamese Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh

Page 993Page 993 Why does the document begin by quoting the Why does the document begin by quoting the

U.S. and French declarations?U.S. and French declarations? Why was Ho Chi Minh looking for recognition from the US Why was Ho Chi Minh looking for recognition from the US

and other Western countries?and other Western countries?

What is ironic about Ho Chi Minh being the What is ironic about Ho Chi Minh being the author of this document?author of this document?

Document 3:Document 3:

The Vietnamese Declaration of The Vietnamese Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh

How does this document serve as a lesson in the use of Enlightenment ideals, and 19th century nationalism?

How does this lead up to the first Indo-China War?

The Vietnam War? (Second Indo-China War?)

Document 4:Document 4:

Report on CIA Operations in Vietnam Report on CIA Operations in Vietnam (1954-1955)(1954-1955)Edward LansdaleEdward Lansdale

• Why did Lansdale use quotations around “cold Why did Lansdale use quotations around “cold war” on page 997?war” on page 997?

• Why do you think the Americans wanted to Why do you think the Americans wanted to keep France as far as possible from the keep France as far as possible from the mission process? mission process?

• Do you think that the psychological warfare Do you think that the psychological warfare campaign was playing dirty or a good campaign was playing dirty or a good strategy?strategy?

• Page 1001 - The Chinese communists Page 1001 - The Chinese communists believed that "people are the water and the believed that "people are the water and the army is the fish" What does that army is the fish" What does that mean???????????????mean???????????????

Document 5:Document 5:Nikita Khrushchev: “We Will Bury You”Nikita Khrushchev: “We Will Bury You”

What is meant by “history is on our side?” Page 1004

Do you believe this document relates to Marx’s Communist Manifesto?

Document 5:Document 5:Nikita Khrushchev: “We Will Bury You”Nikita Khrushchev: “We Will Bury You”

Your own working class will bury you," is a reference to the Marxist saying, "The proletariat is the undertaker of Capitalism", based on the concluding statement in Chapter 1 of the Communist Manifesto: "What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable".

Document 6:Document 6:Soviet Telegram on CubaSoviet Telegram on Cuba

To what extreme did To what extreme did Kennedy intend to Kennedy intend to use “all necessary use “all necessary means” to “defend” means” to “defend” the continent? Page the continent? Page 10081008

Why was the U.S. Why was the U.S. unsuccessful in unsuccessful in Cuba?Cuba?

Document 7:Document 7:Imperialism & All Reactionaries Are Paper TigersImperialism & All Reactionaries Are Paper Tigers

Mao Tse TungMao Tse Tung

What is a paper tiger?What is a paper tiger?Page 1012Page 1012 Do you agree that it is the Do you agree that it is the

“task of the people of the “task of the people of the whole world to put an end whole world to put an end to the aggression and to the aggression and oppression perpetrated by oppression perpetrated by imperialism, chiefly U.S. imperialism, chiefly U.S. imperialism”imperialism”

Page 1013Page 1013 Do you believe capitalism Do you believe capitalism

will be overthrown?will be overthrown?Page 1014Page 1014

Document 8:Document 8:Telephone Transcript: Soviet Premier and Afghan Telephone Transcript: Soviet Premier and Afghan

Prime MinisterPrime Minister

What is the situation they What is the situation they are discussing? Who is are discussing? Who is the enemy? p.1016the enemy? p.1016

Do you think the Afghan Do you think the Afghan PM sounds desperate? Do PM sounds desperate? Do you agree with the Soviet’s you agree with the Soviet’s response?response?

What can you make of the What can you make of the claim to use Afghan claim to use Afghan clothing as a disguise? clothing as a disguise? How does this relate to How does this relate to recent efforts to ban the recent efforts to ban the wearing of the burka? wearing of the burka? p.1017 p.1017

The End of the Cold War…The End of the Cold War…

With the give and take of the world’s superpowers With the give and take of the world’s superpowers lingering ahead, it is difficult to ignore the footsteps of the lingering ahead, it is difficult to ignore the footsteps of the past.past.

Has the United States learned anything from the Soviet Has the United States learned anything from the Soviet Union’s occupation in Afghanistan? Union’s occupation in Afghanistan?

““The future is always beginning now” - Mark StrandThe future is always beginning now” - Mark Strand