COL Michael M. Smith U.S. Special Operations Command INTERHANDS 2003
COL Michael M. SmithU.S. Special Operations Command
INTERHANDS2003
TOPICS
• How civil-military operations (CMO) are an integral part of HA/DR operations.
• The relationship amongst Civil Affairs (CA) and U.S., regional, international and non-governmental organizations.
TOPICS (ctd)
• How CMO supports HA/DR operations.
• How CMO promotes the integration of effort and helps minimize duplication of effort between US military and other organizations.
U.S. CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS (CMO)
Establish
Maintain
Influence
Military Forces
TO ACHIEVE
U.S. Pol/Mil GOALS
GovernmentOrganizations
IO/NGO
Civil Populace
Relations With
CIVIL AFFAIRS (CA)
• Active and reserve forces and units organized and trained to support Civil Military Operations (CMO)
• Act through the application of CA functional specialty skills and general support
CIVIL AFFAIRS UNITS
• Regionally oriented– 350 CA Command - SOUTHCOM– 351 CA Command - PACOM– 352 CA Command - CENTCOM– 353 CA Command - EUCOM
• Tend To Be Rank Heavy
• Both Generalists and Specialists
CIVIL AFFAIRS GENERALISTS
• Work at the tactical or operational level
(large city or local region)
• One Active CA Battalion (Fort Bragg)
• 27 Reserve CA Battalions
• USSOUTHCOM & USARSO
• Immediate Contact Teams (DS Teams)
CIVIL AFFAIRS SPECIALISTS
• Work at the operational and strategic level (national or regional level)
• Reserve CA Brigades and Commands• Four Functional Areas:
– Public Facilities Functions– Government Functions– Special Functions– Economics and Commerce Functions
16 CA FUNTIONAL SKILLS:Government Functions &Public Facilities Functions
• International Law• Public
Administration• Public Education• Public Health• Public Safety
• Public Communications
• Public Transportation
• Public Works and Utilities
16 CA FUNTIONAL SKILLS:Special Functions &
Economics and Commerce• Civil Information• Cultural Relations• Dislocated Civilians• Emergency Services• Environmental
Management
• Food & Agriculture• Civilian Supply• Economic Development
TYPICAL EMPLOYMENT OF USAR CA SOLDIERS
• College Professors• Veterinarians• Doctors and Nurses• Business Owners
and Managers• Private &
Governmental Attorneys
• DOD Contractors• Electrical Power Plant
Workers• Telephone Company
Installers• State Emergency
Coordinators • Public Health Workers
TYPICAL EMPLOYMENT OF USAR CA SOLDIERS
• Farmers• Agriculture Experts• International Security
Specialists• Installation Managers• Engineers• Construction Workers
• Local, State, Federal Law Enforcement
• Corrections • Information
Technology Specialists
350TH CA COMMAND’S EXPERIENCES
• Hurricane Andrew (South Florida)
• Cuban migrant camps in Panama
• Hurricane Mitch
• Exercises/Medrete/Seminars
• Blazing Trails
• New Horizons
350TH CACOM’S HA/DR PROGRAM
• Team devoted to HA/DR program
• Cadre of 25 personnel
• Mainly Spanish speakers
• Members have regional knowledge
CIVIL AFFAIRS GENERAL TASKS
• Supporting
• Assisting
• Advising
• Coordinating
• Analyzing
• Informing
• Planning
• Preparing
• Training
CA RELATIONS WITH U.S., REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS• Based upon understanding mutual
objectives of relieving suffering, preventing loss of life and protection of property
• Long-term experience• CA works to develop relationships• CA can be a conduit for DOD support to
HA/DR organizations
RELATIONSHIPS DURING DISASTERS“The Fog of Relief”“The Fog of Relief”
UN Coord and
AgenciesUNICEF
WFPUNDP NGO
UNHCR
NGO
NGO
USG
Red Cross
ICRC
Affected CountryNeeds and
Requirements
NGO
Donor
OtherDonors
NGO
Donor
NGONGO
EFFECTIVERESPONSE ?
History
History
MILITARY & CIVILIAN RELATIONSHIPS
CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS
Perceptions & Methods
Perceptions & Methods
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS
Civil Affairs
CIVIL AFFAIRS GOAL
CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS
Perceptions & Methods
Perceptions & Methods
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS
EFFECTIVE
RESPONSE
GENERAL CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIONS IN HA/DR
• Assess damages and needs to align with DOD ability to support
• Coordinate support with:– OFDA and other USGA– Affected Nation(s)– Regional Agency(s)– IO/NGOs
• Assist with and monitor CMO
GENERAL CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIONS IN HA/DR
• Coordinate military support
• Maintain records of response requests
• Acquire and disseminate information
• Minimize duplication of effort
• Plan transition to local authorities or other
bodies as appropriate
CIVIL AFFAIRS SUPPORTTO US AUTHORITIES
• Support SOUTHCOM CINC– Begins with Pre-disaster coordination,
planning, simulation– Disaster response
• Support U.S. Country Team– Operate with team at HCC/EOC/Embassy– Operate in the affected area
CIVIL AFFAIRS IN DISASTER RESPONSES
• Support Task Force Commander– Operate at HCC/EOC/Embassy/JTF HQTS– Operate in the affected area
• Support determined by the mission and SOUTHCOM CINC’s requirements for CA
CIVIL MILITARY OPERATION CENTER (CMOC)
• Used to assist as coordination center
• May be more than one
• J5 & CMOC operate in conjunction with HCC
• The CMOC does NOT control non-military agencies
CMOC
Military:
U.S. + ?
NGO
IO
PVO
ICRCUS Gov’t
Agencies
UN
Agencies
HN/Local
Populace
HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION CENTER
(HOC)• National level “CMOC”
• Affected nation is in charge
• Both a tool and a process
• Separates the national EOC from the foreign supporters to facilitate coordination with minimum confusion
COMPOSITION OF A HOC
OTHERNATIONS
CEPREDENAC
CEDERA
ECDG REGIONALORG.
NGOsAND IOs
MSF
CARE
DOCTORS OF THE WORLD
SAVE THE CHILDREN
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE
OTHER RELIEF AND BENEFIT ORGANIZATIONS
OCHA
UNUSGAGENCIES
OFDA/USAID
COUNTRY TEAMUS MILITARY
HOC
PAHO
HUMANITARIAN OPERATION CENTER
NATIONAL EOC
HCC STAFF
HCC DIRECTO R
REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
NGO/IOs
OTHER COUNTRIES
OFDA M ILITARY GROUP
US COUNTRY TEAM
HC C
ROLE OF THE HCC
• INTERFACE
• LIASE
• COORDINATE
• INTEGRATE
• SYNCHRONIZE