Cognatos x Verbos Frasais

Alguns verbos frasais possuem um “sinônimo”

equivalente de origem latina.

Via de regra, os verbos frasais são usados em

contextos mais informais.

Os verbos cognatos (neste caso, de origem latina*),

por outro lado, são, normalmente, usados em situações mais formais.

Neste e-mail juntei alguns verbos frasais usados em

diversos seriados que apresentam um equivalente cognato na língua inglesa.

Naqueles casos em que a semelhança entre o verbo cognato e o equivalente em português não está tão

óbvia, coloquei a origem etimológica da palavra em questão [entre colchetes].

Sugestões e críticas são sempre bem vindas. Abraços.

Cleber

*Com exceção de "telephone".

ask out = invite [< L invitare to entertain, offer

shelter, invite]

She's asked Steve out to the movies this evening.

She's invited Steve to the movies this evening.

blow up = destroy

They threatened to blow up the plane if their demands were not met.

They threatened to destroy the plane if their

demands were not met.

House tried to blow up their relationship.

House tried to destroy their relationship.

break out = escape

They broke out of prison and fled the country.

They escaped from prison and fled the country.

bring up = mention

She's always bringing up her health problems.

She's always mentioning her health problems.

build up = accumulate

It causes protein to build up in your organs.

It causes protein to accumulate in your organs.

call off = cancel

Tomorrow's match has been called off because of the icy weather.

Tomorrow's match has been canceled because of the icy weather.

call up = telephone

I felt so badly I had to call Owen up to say I was sorry.

I felt so badly I had to telephone Owen to say I was sorry.

carry on = continue

Let's carry on this discussion at some other time.

Let's continue this discussion at some other time.

carry out = conduct

They are carrying out some fascinating research on the language of dolphins.

They are conducting some fascinating research on the language of dolphins.

cast out = expel [ME < L expellere to drive out, drive away]

He was cast out.

He was expelled.

catch on = comprehend

He doesn't take hints very easily, but he'll catch on eventually.

He doesn't take hints very easily, but he'll comprehend eventually.

cheat on = betray [ME bitraien = bi- BE- + traien to betray < OF trair < L tradere]

She found out that he'd been cheating on her.

She found out that he'd been betraying her.

chill out = relax

Chill out, Dad. The train doesn't leave for another hour!

Relax, Dad. The train doesn't leave for another hour!

come around = visit

Perhaps you could stay with us at Christmas, we'd love you to come around.

Perhaps you could stay with us at Christmas, we'd love you to visit.

come back = return

Odysseus came back home after many years of travelling.

Odysseus returned home after many years of travelling.

come down = collapse [< L collapsus, ptp. of collabi to fall, fall in ruins = col- COL-1 + labi to fall]

Thousands of buildings came down in the earthquake.

Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.

come in = enter

May I come in?

May I enter?

come up with = suggest

She's come up with some amazing scheme to double her income.

She's suggested some amazing scheme to double her income.

cut back = reduce

Customers have cut back spending because of the economic slowdown.

Customers have reduced spending because of the economic slowdown.

cut in = interrupt

I was just talking to Jan, when Dave cut in.

I was just talking to Jan, when Dave interrupted.

cut off = amputate

They had to cut his foot off to free him from the wreckage.

They had to amputate his foot to free him from the wreckage.

delve into = investigate

She delved into the origins of the custom.

She investigated the origins of the custom.

dote on = adore

He dotes on the new baby.

He adores the new baby.

drop by = visit

In the evenings, friends would drop by.

In the evenings, friends would visit.

fill in = complete

When you fill in the form, please write clearly/legibly in black ink.

When you complete the form, please write clearly/legibly in black ink.

freak out = panic

Don't freak out! Everything will be okay.

Don't panic! Everything will be okay.

get back = recover

Did she get her memory back?

Did she recover her memory?

get through = finish

Let's get through this.

Let's finish this.

give back = return

He's had that book for a year now and he still hasn't given it back to me.

He's had that book for a year now and he still hasn't returned it to me.

give up = desist

Ford never gave up trying to persuade him to return to America.

Ford never desisted from trying to persuade him to return to America.

go away = disappear

It was weeks before the bruises went away.

It was weeks before the bruises disappeared.

go off = explode

The bomb went off at midday.

The bomb exploded at midday.

go on = continue

The show must go on.

The show must continue.

go over = study

I always go over my revision notes just before I go into an exam.

I always study my revision notes just before I go into an exam.

go through = experience

You'd think his children would be more sympathetic towards him after all he's gone through.

You'd think his children would be more sympathetic towards him after all he's experienced.

go up = increase [ME < AF encres-, MF encreiss-, s. of encreistre < L increscere = in- IN-2 + crescere to

grow]

The average cost of a new house has gone up by 5%

to £76 500.

The average cost of a new house has increased by 5% to £76 500.

go with = coordinate

The bed linen goes with the bedroom curtains.

The bed linen coordinates with the bedroom

curtains.

hang out = socialize

Sheldon: You know, when my grandfather died and Meemaw was alone ... my Mom arranged for her to

visit a center three times a week where she could socialize with other lonely people.

Sheldon: You know, when my grandfather died and Meemaw was alone ... my Mom arranged for her to

visit a center three times a week where she could hang out with other lonely people.

I tend not to hang out with my colleagues.

I tend not to socialize with my colleagues.

hit on = flirt

Some guy hit on me while I was standing at the bar.

Some guy flirted with me while I was standing at the bar.

hold up = rob

They held the same bank up twice in one week.

They robbed the same bank twice in one week.

jerk off = masturbate

Maybe I'll just jerk off and go back to bed.

Maybe I'll just masturbate and go back to bed.

knock up = impregnate [< LL impraegnatus, ptp. of impraegnare to fertilize, impregnate]

Norman's efforts to knock her up failed.

Norman's efforts to impregnate her failed.

lash out = attack

I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face.

I was only teasing him and suddenly he attacked me and hit me in the face.

let down = disappoint

You will be there tomorrow - you won't let me down, will you?

You will be there tomorrow - you won't disappoint me, will you?

lighten up = relax

Oh, lighten up! I was only joking!

Oh, relax! I was only joking!

line up = organize

I've lined up a meeting with them for tomorrow morning.

I've organized a meeting with them for tomorrow morning.

look back on = remember [< OF remembrer < LL rememorari < L re- RE - + -memorari]

Adults often look back on their childhood as a golden

age.

Adults often remember their childhood as a golden

age.

look up to = admire

He's always looked up to Madonna

He's always admired Madonna.

make up = invent

I made up an excuse about having to look after the kids.

I invented an excuse about having to look after the kids.

make up = reconcile

He never believed he and Madonna would make up.

He never believed he and Madonna would be

reconciled.

make up for = compensate

Nothing will ever make up for his lost childhood.

Nothing will ever compensate for his lost childhood.

map out = plan

His future is all mapped out ahead of him.

His future is all planned ahead of him.

mess up = ruin

The lieutenant has messed up their lives.

The lieutenant has ruined their lives.

own up = confess; admit

No one has owned up to stealing the money.

No one has confessed to stealing the money.

No one has admitted to stealing the money.

pick out = select [< L selectus, ptp. of seligere to choose = se- SE - + legere to gather]

There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could pick out one of them.

There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner

could select one of them.

play along = cooperate

Their refusal to play along is perfectly understandable, considering the circumstances.

Their refusal to cooperate is perfectly understandable, considering the circumstances.

pop up = appear

She's one of those film stars who pops up everywhere, on TV, in magazines, on Broadway.

She's one of those film stars who appears everywhere, on TV, in magazines, on Broadway.

pull off = succeed [ succeden < L succedere to go (from) under, follow, prosper = suc- SUC - + cedere to

go ]

The central bank has pulled off one of the biggest

financial rescues of recent years.

The central bank has succeeded in achieving one of the biggest financial rescues of recent years.

pull through – recuperate; recover [ME < AF recoverer, OF recovrer < L recuperare to regain,

RECUPERATE]

They said the operation had been successful and they

expected his wife to pull through.

They said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to recuperate.

They said the operation had been successful and they

expected his wife to recover.

put away = institutionalize

In the past, people who suffered from schizophrenia were often put away.

In the past, people who suffered from schizophrenia were often institutionalized.

put off = postpone [< L postponere to put after, lay aside = post- POST - + ponere to put]

I can't put off going to the dentist any longer.

I can't postpone going to the dentist any longer.

put out = extinguish

It took the firefighters several hours to put out the flames.

It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames.

put up with = tolerate

I will not put up with that sort of behavior in my class.

I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.

root for = encourage

Most of the crowd were rooting for the home team.

Most of the crowd were encouraging the home team.

run away = escape

Brewer ran away from prison last year and has been on the loose ever since.

Brewer escaped from prison last year and has been on the loose ever since.

run into = encounter

Did you run into anyone in the building?

Did you encounter anyone in the building?

Wang agreed to sell IBM Systems last year after it ran into a few problems.

Wang agreed to sell IBM Systems last year after it

encountered a few problems

screw up = ruin; spoil [ME < OF espoillier < L

spoliare to despoil, v. der. of spolium booty]

I can't trust you to do anything right, can I? You

always manage to screw things up.

I can't trust you to do anything right, can I? You

always manage to ruin things.

I can't trust you to do anything right, can I? You always manage to spoil everything.

set off = activate

Somebody set the alarm off on my car.

Somebody activated the alarm on my car.

set off = initiate

That small incident was the spark that set off the street riots.

That small incident was the spark that initiated the

street riots.

set up = install

I need one or two people to help me set up the equipment.

I need one or two people to help me install the equipment.

settle down = relax

Look, settle down. I'm coming to you.

Look, relax. I'm coming to you.

sign up for = register for [registre < MF, OF < ML registrum alter. of LL regesta catalog, list, n. use of

neut. pl. of L regestus, ptp. of regerere to carry back,

pile up, collect = re- RE- + gerere to bear, wear]

She's signed up for evening classes at the community college.

She's registered for evening classes at the community college.

slow down = retard

A rise in interest rates would severely slow down economic growth.

A rise in interest rates would severely retard economic growth.

speed up = accelerate

Suddenly the car accelerated.

Suddenly the car speeded up.

split up = separate

My parents split up.

My parents separated.

stand for = accept

I wouldn't stand for that sort of behavior from him, if I were you.

I wouldn't accept that sort of behavior from him, if I were you.

stand for = represent

The party is trying to give the impression that it alone stands for democracy.

The party is trying to give the impression that it alone represents democracy.

stand up for = defend

It's high time we all stood up for our rights around here.

It's high time we all defended our rights around here.

step down = resign [ME < MF resigner < L resignare to open, release, cancel = re- RE - + signare to mark,

seal, SIGN]

The president had to step down.

The president had to resign.

stick up for = defend

Don't be bullied, learn to stand up for yourself and what you believe in.

Don't be bullied, learn to defend yourself and what you believe in.

straighten out = organize

Could you straighten out these cupboards, please?

Could you organize these cupboards, please?

take away = remove

Take these chairs away - we don't need them.

Remove these chairs - we don't need them.

take down = remove

I've taken the pictures down.

I've removed the pictures.

take in = observe

In Istanbul, East and West fuse together in a way that is fascinating to take in.

In Istanbul, East and West fuse together in a way that is fascinating to observe.

take off = depart [ME: to part company, divide, split < OF departir = de- DE - + partir to go away]

The wheels retract after the aircraft takes off.

The wheels retract after the aircraft departs.

take out = eliminate

A police officer was accused of helping a drug gang take out rivals.

A police officer was accused of helping a drug gang eliminate rivals.

talk into = persuade

I'd talked her into coming by saying there'd be free food and drink.

I'd persuaded her to come by saying there'd be free food and drink.

talk over = discuss

I'd like to talk it over with my wife first.

I'd like to discuss it with my wife first.

tell off – reprimand

The teacher told me off for swearing.

The teacher reprimanded me for swearing.

think over = consider

He's so impetuous - why can't he think things over before he rushes into them?

He's so impetuous - why can't he consider things before he rushes into them?

throw out = discard

The supermarket's policy is to select out the best fruit and throw out the rest.

The supermarket's policy is to select out the best fruit and discard the rest.

throw up = vomit

I spent the night throwing up.

I spent the night vomiting.

turn down = refuse, decline

She turned down my offer.

She refused my offer.

She declined my offer.

turn into = transform

Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly turn herself into a radiant star.

Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly transform herself into a radiant star.

turn on = excite

The body that turns men on doesn't have to be perfect.

The body that excites men doesn't have to be perfect.

turn up = appear

She turned up at my house late one night.

She appeared at my house late one night.

wait on = serve

The staff who waited on us at dinner were excellent.

The staff who served us at dinner were excellent.

work out = exercise

Madonna works out in the gym two or three times a week.

Madonna exercises in the gym two or three times a week.

wrap up = finish

I want to wrap this meeting up as quickly as possible. I have another appointment in an hour.

I want to finish this meeting as quickly as possible. I have another appointment in an hour.