第 35 卷第 9 期 煤 炭 学 报 Vol. 35 No. 9 2010 年 9 月 JOURNAL OF CHINA COAL SOCIETY Sep. 2010 文章编号:0253-9993(2010)09-1413-06 综 合机械化充填采煤 刘建功,赵庆彪 ( 冀中能源集团有限责任公司,河北 邢台 054000) 摘 要:为了消除煤矿矸石山以及减轻对周边环境的影响,结合安全开采建筑物下大量压煤,进行 了 3 种类型充填采煤试验。 通过对不同充填介质材料实验研究,基本掌握了合理的充填材料配比, 各种充填材料的压实度、流变性及风化性等力学特性;研发出采充一体液压支架充填与挤捣实装置 和采充隔离密封机构等具有自主知识产权的核心技术;解决了固体输送系统中的大垂深大投量防 堵、防冲击缓冲泄压等难题,研制了充填料配比、实时来料质量动态调整计算机智能控制系统;优化 了充填工艺与系统成套装备等充填技术参数。 关键词:综合机械化;充填采煤;充填材料;采充液压支架;充填工艺;充填系统 中图分类号:TD823郾 7 文献标志码: A 收稿日期:2010-06-24 责任编辑:柴海涛 作者简介:刘建功(1956—),男,山东沾化人,教授级高级工程师,博士生导师,博士。 Tel:0319-2066999,E-mail:jiangong@ gbol郾 com郾 cn Comprehensive mechanized filling coal mining LIU Jian鄄gong,ZHAO Qing鄄biao ( Jizhong Energy Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Xingtai 054000,China) Abstract :In order to eliminate coal waste dump and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment,combined with a lot of pressure under the building safety coal mining,three types of filling coal mining test were carried out. Through the experimental studies of different filling dielectric material,basic mastered reasonable ratio of filling materials,the mechanical behavior of various filling materials爷 compactness, rheological, weathering characteristic, and so on; re鄄 searched and developed mining and filling integrated hydraulic support,filling and compaction equipment and the seal鄄 ing mechanism of mining,filling isolation with the core technology and equipment of independent intellectual property; overcame the puzzle of prevent plugging and impact buffer blowdown with large vertical deep and input in the solid transportation system,developed the ratio of filling materials,the system of quality intelligent automatic control;opti鄄 mized the parameters of filling technology and system package of equipment. Key words:comprehensive mechanized;filling coal mining;filling material;mining and filling hydraulic support;filling technology;filling system 冀中能源集团有限责任公司在河北省内有 38 对 生产矿井,37 座矸石山, 堆积量 8 192郾 6 万 t, 占地 217郾 2 hm 2 。 每年矸石产出量约 808郾 8 万 t,利用率只 有 57郾 3% ;电厂粉煤灰每年产出量约 140 万 t, 利用 率 67郾 0% 。 由于大部分是投产近 30 a 及以上的矿 井,因此可采储量不足,“ 三下冶 压煤约 11郾 1 亿 t。 为 减少矸石山占用土地以及减轻对周边环境的影响,结 合安全开采建筑物下压煤,3 a 多来,冀中能源集团邢 台煤矿、小屯煤矿和陶一煤矿先后与中国矿业大学合 作,采用固体、膏体和超高水充填介质开展建筑物下 综合机械化充填采煤试验 [1-5] , 取得了非常好的效 果。 1 充填介质( 材料) 研究 1郾 1 矸石与粉煤灰固体材料 将矸石( 粒度 <25 mm) 与粉煤灰按一定比例混 合配成充填材料,其物理力学特性对物料输送及充填 工艺很重要, 特别是充填材料的压实特性及流变特 性 [6-8] 。 洗选矸石主要成分是石英、高岭土和伊利石 等矿物;粉煤灰主要是非晶物质 [2,5,9] 。 1郾 1郾 1 压实特性 压实度 k 是充填材料在压实过程中受外力作用
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摇 第 35 卷第 9 期 煤摇 摇 炭摇 摇 学摇 摇 报 Vol. 35摇 No. 9摇
摇 2010 年 9 月 JOURNAL OF CHINA COAL SOCIETY Sep. 摇 2010摇
(Jizhong Energy Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Xingtai摇 054000,China)
Abstract:In order to eliminate coal waste dump and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment,combined witha lot of pressure under the building safety coal mining,three types of filling coal mining test were carried out. Throughthe experimental studies of different filling dielectric material,basic mastered reasonable ratio of filling materials,themechanical behavior of various filling materials爷 compactness, rheological,weathering characteristic, and so on; re鄄searched and developed mining and filling integrated hydraulic support,filling and compaction equipment and the seal鄄ing mechanism of mining,filling isolation with the core technology and equipment of independent intellectual property;overcame the puzzle of prevent plugging and impact buffer blowdown with large vertical deep and input in the solidtransportation system,developed the ratio of filling materials,the system of quality intelligent automatic control;opti鄄mized the parameters of filling technology and system package of equipment.Key words:comprehensive mechanized;filling coal mining;filling material;mining and filling hydraulic support;fillingtechnology;filling system
摇 摇 冀中能源集团有限责任公司在河北省内有 38 对
生产矿井,37 座矸石山,堆积量 8 192郾 6 万 t,占地
217郾 2 hm2。 每年矸石产出量约 808郾 8 万 t,利用率只
有 57郾 3% ;电厂粉煤灰每年产出量约 140 万 t,利用
率 67郾 0% 。 由于大部分是投产近 30 a 及以上的矿
井,因此可采储量不足,“三下冶压煤约 11郾 1 亿 t。 为
减少矸石山占用土地以及减轻对周边环境的影响,结合安全开采建筑物下压煤,3 a 多来,冀中能源集团邢
台煤矿、小屯煤矿和陶一煤矿先后与中国矿业大学合
作,采用固体、膏体和超高水充填介质开展建筑物下
综合机械化充填采煤试验[1-5],取得了非常好的效
果。
1摇 充填介质(材料)研究
1郾 1摇 矸石与粉煤灰固体材料
将矸石(粒度<25 mm)与粉煤灰按一定比例混
合配成充填材料,其物理力学特性对物料输送及充填
工艺很重要,特别是充填材料的压实特性及流变特
性[6-8]。 洗选矸石主要成分是石英、高岭土和伊利石
等矿物;粉煤灰主要是非晶物质[2,5,9]。1郾 1郾 1摇 压实特性
压实度 k 是充填材料在压实过程中受外力作用
煤摇 摇 炭摇 摇 学摇 摇 报 2010 年第 35 卷
而被压实的程度,它用压实后的体积 Vys与原松散状
态下的总体积 Vs 之比来表示,可简化为应变 着 的表
达式,即 k = Vys / Vs = 1 - 着。由试验知,当矸石与粉煤灰配比为 1 颐 0郾 31,压
实力由 1郾 5 MPa 提高到 7郾 5 MPa 时,压实度 k 变化差
值很小(其值 0郾 066)。 表明在此配比下,压实变形量
也非常小。 图 1 是充填材料压实特性曲线。
图 1摇 充填材料压实度随压实力的变化曲线
Fig郾 1摇 The variation curve of filling material compactnesswith compaction strength
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