81 日看管会誌 Vol. 13, No. 2, 2009 The Journal of the Japan Academy of Nursing Administration and Policies Vol. 13, No. 2, PP 81-88, 2009 資料 看護に対する患者の期待 ―文献レビューによる考察― Patients’ Expectations for Nurses and Nursing: A Review of the Literature 武内龍伸 大西麻未 菅田勝也 Tatsunobu Takeuchi Mami Onishi Katsuya Kanda Key words : patients’ expectation, nursing role, nursing function, literature review キーワード : 患者の期待,看護の役割,看護の機能,文献レビュー Abstract When the roles of nurses are discussed, it is essential to consider perspectives of patients, who take health care while participate in and form it. Therefore it is important for those who engage in nursing to know the expectations patients have for health care and nurses. This literature review was conducted to identify a trend and the findings of previous studies about expectations of patients for nurses and nursing at a hospital in Japan. Ichushi-Web was searched for studies which investigated on patients’ expectations and published between 1983 and 2008, so that 43 articles turned up. Most of them were issues of recent years. Thirty- one articles described specific expectations for nurses or nursing such as a specific care, behavior and patients. Several studies used Likert scale, but any did not identify which item had relative importance. Studies which investigated expectations for whole of nurses’ practice were chosen and contents of patients’ expectations were examined mainly on four studies that matched criteria for minute examination. As a result, elements concerned with technical components and with interpersonal relationships emerged. However there were few arguments over what technical elements meant. It is necessary for nursing education and career development to look into that more concretely. In addition, both nurses’ practices as a team performance and function in health care were hardly mentioned in patients’ expectations. Other research approaches to the expectations are required to grasp them about such roles and functions. 要 旨 看護の役割に関して考えていく上で,医療を享受し,かつ医療に参加し共にそれを形成する 存在である患者を含めて議論することが必要であり,今の患者が医療や看護に何を求め期待し ているかを知ることは看護に携わる者にとって重要である.そこで,日本の病院における看 護に対する患者の期待に関するこれまでの研究の動向と知見を整理するために文献レビュー を行った. 医中誌 Web で 1983 年以降 2008 年までの,患者の期待を調査した文献を検索し 43 編の文 献を得た.近年の文献が大半を占め,看護の特定のケアや行為に焦点を合わせたものや,特 定の属性の患者集団を対象としたといった,限定された範囲での看護の期待に関するものが, 31 編と多数であった.また,多くの調査はリッカート尺度型の選択肢を用いていたが,何が より重要であるかは明らかになっていなかった. より全般的な看護についての期待に関する調査を抽出し,選定基準を満たした 4 編を中心に 患者期待の内容を検討した結果,論じられている要素は専門的要素に関わるものと人間関係に 受付日:2009 年 6 月 6 日 受理日:2009 年 8 月 7 日 東京大学大学院医学系研究科看護管理学分野 Department of Nursing Administration, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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81日看管会誌 Vol. 13, No. 2, 2009
The Journal of the Japan Academy of Nursing Administration and Policies Vol. 13, No. 2, PP 81-88, 2009
資料
看護に対する患者の期待―文献レビューによる考察―
Patients’ Expectations for Nurses and Nursing: A Review of the Literature
武内龍伸 大西麻未 菅田勝也Tatsunobu Takeuchi Mami Onishi Katsuya Kanda
Key words : patients’ expectation, nursing role, nursing function, literature review
キーワード : 患者の期待,看護の役割,看護の機能,文献レビュー
AbstractWhen the roles of nurses are discussed, it is essential to consider perspectives of patients, who take
health care while participate in and form it. Therefore it is important for those who engage in nursing to know the expectations patients have for health care and nurses. This literature review was conducted to identify a trend and the findings of previous studies about expectations of patients for nurses and nursing at a hospital in Japan.
Ichushi-Web was searched for studies which investigated on patients’ expectations and published between 1983 and 2008, so that 43 articles turned up. Most of them were issues of recent years. Thirty-one articles described specific expectations for nurses or nursing such as a specific care, behavior and patients. Several studies used Likert scale, but any did not identify which item had relative importance.
Studies which investigated expectations for whole of nurses’ practice were chosen and contents of patients’ expectations were examined mainly on four studies that matched criteria for minute examination. As a result, elements concerned with technical components and with interpersonal relationships emerged. However there were few arguments over what technical elements meant. It is necessary for nursing education and career development to look into that more concretely. In addition, both nurses’ practices as a team performance and function in health care were hardly mentioned in patients’ expectations. Other research approaches to the expectations are required to grasp them about such roles and functions.
TI or 一般人 /TI or 市民 /TI) and ( 期待 /TI or 望む /TI or 求める /TI or 望まれる /TI or 求められる /TI)) or ( 患者の視点 /TI or 患者からみた /TI or 患者から見た /TI or 患者の立場 /TI or 患者意識 /TI)) and (PT= 原著論文 , 総説 , 一般 )」を用い,1983 年以降 2008 年までの文献を検索した.ヒットした 185 件の文献から,病院での看護に対する患者の期待に関する記述ではないもの,international standard serial number (ISSN) が医中誌 Web に登録されていない雑誌に収載されているもの,患者に対して何らかの調査を行ったものでないもの,調査対象が 1 名のレポート,引用文献や参考文献の記載が全くないもの,以上にあてはまるものを除外し 43編の文献を得た.
ま た,PubMed に て「(nurse[TI] OR nurses[TI] OR nur s i ng [T I ] ) AND pa t i en t * [T I ] AND (expect*[TI] OR perceiv*[TI] OR percept*[TI]) AND (Japan[TIAB] OR Japanese[TIAB])」で検索したが,該当する文献は得られなかった.
Izumi, S., Konishi, E. & Yahiro, M., et al. (2006) Japanese patients' descriptions of "the good nurse": personal involvement and professionalism. : Advances in Nursing Science, 29 (2), E14-26.
La Monica, E. L., Oberst, M. T. & Madea, A. R. et al. (1986) Development of a patient satisfaction scale. : Research in Nursing & Health, 9 (1), 43-50.
Risser, N. L. (1975) Development of an instrument to measure patient satisfaction with nurses and nursing care in primary care settings. : Nursing Research, 24 (1), 45-52.
Schmidt, L. A. (2003) Patients' perceptions of nursing care in the hospital setting. : Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44 (4), 393-399.