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Progre s s a nd Pe rs pe ct ive s of China’s Ecologica l Agricult ure
LI Wenhua,LIU Moucheng,MIN Qingwen(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
Abstract: Agriculture is the basis of national economy. With advancements in science andtechnology as well as an intensive utilization of land, great achievements have been made inagriculture. Meanwhile, some agro-ecological and environmental problems are arising from theprocesses. Being faced with the situations, people have begun to reflect on policies, patterns andtechnologies associated with agricultural development, and put forward new concepts onagricultural development in succession. There is growing awareness that development ofagriculture can not only increase the amount of food and agricultural products to meet people'sincreasing demand, but also improve product quality, insurance of food safety, exertion ofecosystem functions, and maintenance and restoration of the ecological environment. In the late20th century, China's ecologists and agronomists proposed a concept of ecological agriculture withChinese characteristics, i.e., the ecological agriculture is derived from systematic thoughts in termsof the principles of ecology, economics, and ecological economics, with application of modernscientific and technological achievements and modern management tools, as well as effectiveexperience in traditional agriculture. It is the modern agricultural development mode which resultsin a higher economic profit, ecological and social benefits. Its essence contains a series of concepts,such as integration, coordination, circulation and regeneration. After nearly 30 years of practice anddevelopment, ecological agriculture in China has achieved substantial progress, i.e., 1) establisheda theoretical system and summarized successful experience; 2) carried out eco-agriculturaldemonstration at the county-level pilots and achieved significant effects; and 3) China’seco-agriculture has been widely recognized and praised by the international community andbecome one of the first selected units on the agricultural cultural heritage. However, currenteco-agricultural development is not perfect due to the following factors: 1) it still falls short offurther research and accounting on a variety of agro-ecosystem service functions; and 2) it isdifficult to gain great economic benefits because of the lack of market-oriented guidance, scalemanagement, specialized production and brand popularization for traditional self-sufficient ruraleconomy. Development of society currently presents a new situation giving rise to a series of newproblems. Progress in science broads our views and provides new means for resolving such issues.In order to further promote the development of ecological agriculture, serious reflections onecological agriculture would result in new understanding of circular agriculture, multifunctionalagriculture, high-quality agriculture and cultural agriculture in China.
Key words: Ecological agriculture; Progress and perspective; Circular agriculture; Multifunctionalagriculture; High-quality agriculture; Cultural agriculture