Code of Conduct “Return with Honor”. Code of Conduct (Historical) Law of the Hague (1899), Annex, Article 9Law of the Hague (1899), Annex, Article 9 –“Bound”

Code of ConductCode of Conduct

““Return with Honor”Return with Honor”

Code of ConductCode of Conduct(Historical)(Historical)

• Law of the Hague (1899), Annex, Article 9Law of the Hague (1899), Annex, Article 9– ““Bound”Bound” to give to give ”Only””Only” Name, Rank Name, Rank

• Geneva Accords (1929), Article 5Geneva Accords (1929), Article 5– Name, Rank, Date of Birth, Service NumberName, Rank, Date of Birth, Service Number

• Korean War (1950 – 1953)Korean War (1950 – 1953)– ““Brainwashing” (Indoctrination)Brainwashing” (Indoctrination)– Anti-government StatementsAnti-government Statements– Significant Number of POWs Refused RepatriationSignificant Number of POWs Refused Repatriation

Korea: POW StatsKorea: POW Stats(Kinkead, Eugene. (Kinkead, Eugene. In Every War But OneIn Every War But One. Norton, 1959). Norton, 1959)

• 7190 Total Prisoners Taken7190 Total Prisoners Taken– 92% in the first year of the war 92% in the first year of the war

• 2634 Died 2634 Died – 38% - largest percentage since the Revolution38% - largest percentage since the Revolution– Most (99.6%) died in the first year of the warMost (99.6%) died in the first year of the war

• 4435 Americans Released4435 Americans Released– 31 Navy, 196 Marine, 235 Air Force31 Navy, 196 Marine, 235 Air Force– 3973 Army3973 Army

Korea: Korea: ArmyArmy POW Statistics POW Statistics

• 30% of All Prisoners Behaved Inappropriately30% of All Prisoners Behaved Inappropriately– General CollaborationGeneral Collaboration– Criminal Acts Against Fellow PrisonersCriminal Acts Against Fellow Prisoners– Failure to Lead ProperlyFailure to Lead Properly

• 425 Seriously Collaborated (13%)425 Seriously Collaborated (13%)• 82 Cases Approved for Court-martial82 Cases Approved for Court-martial• 47 Cases Passed a Four Tier Review Board47 Cases Passed a Four Tier Review Board• 12 Collaborators Tried - Guilty12 Collaborators Tried - Guilty• 21 Collaborators Remained Behind21 Collaborators Remained Behind

Korea:Korea:POW Study FindingsPOW Study Findings

• Loss of Organizational StructureLoss of Organizational Structure– ““Every Man For Himself”Every Man For Himself”

• Breakdown of DisciplineBreakdown of Discipline• Unrealistic Expectations of CaptivityUnrealistic Expectations of Captivity

– Food Aversion, Sanitation, Basic First AidFood Aversion, Sanitation, Basic First Aid

• Loss of HopeLoss of Hope– Loss of Activity, Loss of InterestLoss of Activity, Loss of Interest

• Some Units Faired Better Than OthersSome Units Faired Better Than Others– Turks, MarinesTurks, Marines

Code of ConductCode of Conduct(Historical)(Historical)

• 1955 Executive Order – President Eisenhower1955 Executive Order – President Eisenhower

• Formal training for all military personnelFormal training for all military personnel

Code of ConductCode of Conduct(Historical)(Historical)

• Vietnam (1964 – 1973)Vietnam (1964 – 1973)– Torture Added to Emotional DistressTorture Added to Emotional Distress– Still Minimal DefectionsStill Minimal Defections– But many felt dishonored by giving in to tortureBut many felt dishonored by giving in to torture– President Carter signs executive order in 1977 President Carter signs executive order in 1977

revising Article V:revising Article V:• Deleted the Word “Only”Deleted the Word “Only”• Changed “Bound” to “Required”Changed “Bound” to “Required”

• ARTICLE V (revised):ARTICLE V (revised):– When questioned, should I become a prisoner of When questioned, should I become a prisoner of

war, I am war, I am requiredrequired to give name, rank, service to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth…number, and date of birth…

• ARTICLE V (original):ARTICLE V (original):– When questioned, should I become a prisoner of When questioned, should I become a prisoner of

war, I am war, I am boundbound to give to give onlyonly name, rank, service name, rank, service number, and date of birth….number, and date of birth….

Code of Conduct Code of Conduct

Code of ConductCode of Conduct(Historical)(Historical)

• President Reagan signs executive in 1988 President Reagan signs executive in 1988 – Made Articles I and II gender neutralMade Articles I and II gender neutral

• The Code of Conduct is The Code of Conduct is NOTNOT an ORDER, an ORDER, but a Guidelinebut a Guideline

Code of Conduct Code of Conduct

• ARTICLE I (revised):ARTICLE I (revised):– I am an I am an American, fightingAmerican, fighting in the forces in the forces

which guard my country and our way of life. I which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense. am prepared to give my life in their defense.

• ARTICLE I (original):ARTICLE I (original):– I am an American fighting I am an American fighting manman. I serve in . I serve in

the forces which guard my country and our the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense. their defense.

Code of Conduct Code of Conduct

• ARTICLE II (revised):ARTICLE II (revised):– I will never surrender of my own free will. If I will never surrender of my own free will. If

in command, I will never surrender the in command, I will never surrender the members of my commandmembers of my command while they still while they still have the means to resist. have the means to resist.

• ARTICLE II (original):ARTICLE II (original):– I will never surrender of my own free will. If I will never surrender of my own free will. If

in command, I will never surrender in command, I will never surrender my menmy men while they still have the means to resist. while they still have the means to resist.

Remember: Remember: The Code of Conduct is The Code of Conduct is NOTNOT an ORDER, but a an ORDER, but a

GuidelineGuideline

Return With Return With HonorHonor