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Aims and ContributionsAims and Contributions DemonstrationDemonstration Next Steps and SummaryNext Steps and Summary
CoAX/Briefing - 3
CoAX ContextContext
Increasing military requirements for coalition Increasing military requirements for coalition operationsoperations
Belief that agent computational model is a good Belief that agent computational model is a good fit to meet coalition interoperability requirementsfit to meet coalition interoperability requirements
US and UK Agent Research ProgrammesUS and UK Agent Research Programmes US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS)US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS) UK DERA Agents ProjectUK DERA Agents Project
Need for “middleware” such as is provided by Need for “middleware” such as is provided by CoABS Grid InfrastructureCoABS Grid Infrastructure
CoAX/Briefing - 4
CoAX Aim of Coalition TIEAim of Coalition TIE To addressTo address unique aspects of coalition operations unique aspects of coalition operations
through the development and evaluation of:through the development and evaluation of: agent domain management servicesagent domain management services agent task, process and event management servicesagent task, process and event management services
Aim will be met through delivery of:Aim will be met through delivery of: Phased technical demonstrations of increasing Phased technical demonstrations of increasing
complexitycomplexity Connection of a variety of diverse agent systemsConnection of a variety of diverse agent systems Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid
servicesservices Requirements:Requirements:
Use of a wide variety of different agent systemsUse of a wide variety of different agent systems Use of existing military (non-agent) applicationsUse of existing military (non-agent) applications
CoAX/Briefing - 5
CoAX Key Coalition DriversKey Coalition Drivers
Different cultures, doctrines, and languages:Different cultures, doctrines, and languages: Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement
and, in general, mission “agendas”and, in general, mission “agendas” Command authorities - agreement and transfersCommand authorities - agreement and transfers Different interpretation of situational informationDifferent interpretation of situational information
Incompatibility of respective national Incompatibility of respective national information systems:information systems: Different technology skill and equipment levelsDifferent technology skill and equipment levels Lack of information systems resource sharing agreementsLack of information systems resource sharing agreements Variable reliability of components and infrastructuresVariable reliability of components and infrastructures Lack of compatible security architecturesLack of compatible security architectures Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel
with limited trainingwith limited training Limited models for coalition force operationsLimited models for coalition force operations
Derived from LeRoy Pearce (Canadian MOD), 1999
CoAX/Briefing - 6
CoAX Key Technical DriversKey Technical Drivers
Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or availability of different nations systemsavailability of different nations systems
Need for partial (secure) sharing and Need for partial (secure) sharing and visualization of processes, data and facilitiesvisualization of processes, data and facilities
Need to work with agents in multiple Need to work with agents in multiple dynamically determined domainsdynamically determined domains
Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & event managementevent management
Need for rapid formation, management and Need for rapid formation, management and change of agent relationshipschange of agent relationships
Military Military SystemsSystemsCAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)CAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)MBP (DERA)MBP (DERA)……
Agents on the GridAgents on the GridAODB Agent (LMAODB Agent (LM--ATL)ATL)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS)eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS)Malicious Agents (IHMC)Malicious Agents (IHMC)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)……
CoAX/Briefing - 8
CoAX
Agent Domain Agent Domain Management in CoAXManagement in CoAX
Broadens typical distributed security concerns to include:Broadens typical distributed security concerns to include: Access management: Who can access what services? Access management: Who can access what services? Registration management: Who can join the domain under what Registration management: Who can join the domain under what
circumstances?circumstances? Resource management: Who can have which kind and how much Resource management: Who can have which kind and how much
of a given computing resource?of a given computing resource? Mobility management: What constraints should be placed on Mobility management: What constraints should be placed on
mobile code?mobile code? Communication management: What constraints govern Communication management: What constraints govern
interaction between conversing agents? interaction between conversing agents? Obligation management: Are agents meeting their Obligation management: Are agents meeting their
commitments?commitments?
Initial capability shown in 9-month demoInitial Capability slated for 18-month demoInitial capability slated for 30-month demo
CoAX/Briefing - 9
CoAXTask, Process, and Event Task, Process, and Event
Management in CoAXManagement in CoAX
Initially maintains an overview of the current status of the Initially maintains an overview of the current status of the coalition C2 processes in accessible shared military terms.coalition C2 processes in accessible shared military terms.
Can take on and address “issues” in the C2 process.Can take on and address “issues” in the C2 process. Later adds the ability to monitor, plan and control the coalition Later adds the ability to monitor, plan and control the coalition
C2 processes and deal with events arising from execution.C2 processes and deal with events arising from execution. Links to and assists with domain management, authority, Links to and assists with domain management, authority,
exception management and other Grid management services.exception management and other Grid management services. To be packaged as generic task and process management To be packaged as generic task and process management
facilities that can be made available to other Grid applications.facilities that can be made available to other Grid applications.
Initial capability shown in 9-month demoInitial Capability slated for 18-month demoInitial capability slated for 30-month demo
CoAX/Briefing - 10
CoAXDemo OverviewDemo Overview
Focus on information-gathering phase of a Coalition Operation First interoperation of agent-wrapped legacy and existing
US and UK systems (AFRL/BBN/GITI CAMPS and DERA MBP) Agents and domains
6 agent domains and ~25 agents USC/ISI Ariadne agent providing publicly-available weather info Initial AIAI Process Panel
Current DemoCurrent DemoAgents and DomainsAgents and Domains
AODBAODB
LM-ATLLM-ATL
WeatherWeather
AriadneAriadneCAMPSCAMPS
ALDBALDB
DbDbiiii
DbDbii
MBPMBPIntel1Intel1
Intel2Intel2DM2DM2
MM2MM2
DM1DM1
MM1MM1
DM4DM4 MM4MM4
AODBAODB
PP'PP'
DM3DM3
MM3MM3
DM5DM5
MM5MM5DAODAO
GAOGAO
WeatherWeatherVizViz
AL PlanAL Plan
CoAX/Briefing - 14
CoAX Binni - Gateway to theBinni - Gateway to theGolden Bowl of AfricaGolden Bowl of Africa
Rathmell, R.A. (1999) A Coalition Force Scenario 'Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa',In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Knowledge-Based Planning for Coalition Forces,(ed. Tate, A.) pp. 115-125, Edinburgh, Scotland, 10th-11th May 1999.
CapeVincent
CapeAmstado
Caca
KasoLagoon
Amisa
Jacal
Pra
Ankobra
Tana
Ofin
Afr
am
Daka
Black Caca
Kapowa
White Caca
Mawli
W E
N
S
CapeVincent
CapeAmstado
Caca
KasoLagoon
Amisa
Jacal
Pra
Ankobra
Tana
Ofin
Afr
am
Daka
Black Caca
Kapowa
White Caca
Mawli
LAKE CACA
Gaoforces
Agadezforces
Forces separated by Firestorm
FIRES
TORM
AGADEZ
GAO
BinniBinni
CoAX/Briefing - 16
CoAX
Binni Coalition - C2 Structure and Commanders' Responsibilities
CoAX 30-month demoCovers all the above, plus greater levels of dynamic response and adaptation
to changes in Coalition structures, capabilities and services.
CoAX/Briefing - 21
CoAX
18-Month (July 2001) 18-Month (July 2001) Demonstration PlanDemonstration Plan
More realism in coalition structures All CoAX members integrated (9 domains and ~35 agents) Coalition agents playing multiple roles in different domains New policies provide additional robustness and
responsiveness Added functionality in process and task management
Increased scope of Binni scenario demonstration Richer information gathering phase Extend scope to execution phase with agent systems
responding dynamically to events Incorporating coalition functionality becomes easier
Package selected domain management functionality as KAoS grid helper
30-Month (July 2002) 30-Month (July 2002) Demonstration PlanDemonstration Plan
Dynamic “come as you are” coalition formation Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organization’ Agents and domains added to coalition structure ‘on-the-fly’ Dynamic coalition tasks and processes
Tailored visualizations Tools to improve human / software agent interaction High-level tools usable without specialized training Packaged task, process, and event management
capabilities as generic Grid services
CoAX/Briefing - 24
CoAX CoAX MessageCoAX Message
Operational Message Operational Message Interoperability of different nations’ systems Interoperability of different nations’ systems Agility and robustnessAgility and robustness Support to coalition and “virtual” Support to coalition and “virtual”
Agents as an appropriate paradigm to Agents as an appropriate paradigm to facilitate interoperability of disparate systemsfacilitate interoperability of disparate systems
Middleware of CoABS Grid is valuable for rapid Middleware of CoABS Grid is valuable for rapid configurationconfiguration
Utility of domain management and Utility of domain management and task/process management servicestask/process management services
CoAX/Briefing - 25
CoAX
Further Information and Further Information and InvolvementInvolvement
CoAX and Binni documentation available CoAX and Binni documentation available 100+ page ‘living document’ describing CoAX 100+ page ‘living document’ describing CoAX
contributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenariocontributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenario http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/
We encourage further participation…We encourage further participation… In addressing key coalition and technical drivers In addressing key coalition and technical drivers In seeking operational opportunitiesIn seeking operational opportunities In seeking inter-program linksIn seeking inter-program links In future demonstrationsIn future demonstrations
DARPADARPA
Object Services and Consulting, Inc.
CoAX/Briefing - 28
CoAX Spare SlidesSpare Slides
Demonstration ScheduleDemonstration Schedule Coalition domains slide with final overlay to Coalition domains slide with final overlay to
show the way in which a single person might show the way in which a single person might span a variety of organizational, country and span a variety of organizational, country and functional domainsfunctional domains
Further summarization slideFurther summarization slide
CoAX/Briefing - 29
CoAX Demonstration ScheduleDemonstration Schedule 1-month demo in February 2000: showing direct connection
between DERA MBP and LM-ATL AODB 9-month demo in October 2000:
Brief the CoAX TIE and Binni scenario Show integration of selected CoAX components Show that selected components interoperate in a Binni-based
scenario Tell a relevant “story” about agents for information gathering
phase Additional stand-alone demos of other components
18-month demo in July 2001: showing full integration of CoAX components in a rich coalition scenario: Expanded scope to cover execution phase Focal point to engage other nations and research teams
30-month demo in July 2002: showing dynamic aspects of domain management and tasking
Coalition operations is a matter of high concern Coalition operations is a matter of high concern for the military and a great proving ground for for the military and a great proving ground for agent researchagent research
Binni provides mature rich source of realistic Binni provides mature rich source of realistic scenario datascenario data
Actual military tools used in true cross-national Actual military tools used in true cross-national collaboration—hope to expand to additional collaboration—hope to expand to additional nations in the futurenations in the future
Seventeen partners cooperating in phased Seventeen partners cooperating in phased technical integration demonstratorstechnical integration demonstrators
CoABS Grid provided necessary interoperabilityCoABS Grid provided necessary interoperability Significant new research issues being addressed Significant new research issues being addressed
of both theoretical and practical significanceof both theoretical and practical significance