Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar (CZMIL) survey/presentations/41.pdf · Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG

Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry

Technical Center of Expertise

US Army Corps of Engineers

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar (CZMIL)

Shallow Survey 2012

Wellington, New Zealand

Christopher L. Macon

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District

Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise

22 February 2012

Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry

Technical Center of Expertise

US Army Corps of Engineers

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Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry

Technical Center of Expertise

OPERATIONS

RESEARCH AND

DEVELOPMENT

Annual Technical Workshop June 2012, Chicago

Sensors

and

systems

Data

exploitation

SOPs Collection

areas

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Bathymetry

Topography

Measurements/Sec

200 400 900 1,000 3,000 10,000

’03 CHARTS

’94 SHOALS

‘99 SHOALS

’05 CHARTS ’12 CZMIL

Lidar Program History

Photogrammetry

Spectral Imagery

Data Fusion

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USACE National Coastal Mapping Program

1

2

3

4

5

Products

• ASCII XYZ

• Aerial photos

• Zero contour

• Aerial photo mosiacs

• 1-meter bathy/topo DEM

• LAS format topo

• 1-meter bathy/topo bare earth

DEM

• Hyperspectral image mosaics

• Laser reflectance images

• Basic landcover classification

• Volume change

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

3 Operations

• MTBF 1,000 operational hours

• One airborne operator or less

• Three field processors or less

• Average 200 square nautical miles per week

• One KGPS base station or less per 200 km of coast

• Twenty four months continuous field operations (operational @ 90%)

• Five days average in-field repair time

• All sensors calibrate with in 24 hours

• Manufacturer maintenance & repair support

Operational system with automated / integrated processing1, products2, and operations3

2 Products

• Collection : product ratio of 1:5

• Accurate bathy from 0-20 meters (+/- 30 cm; 2 σ)

at 2 m resolution

• Accurate topo (+/- 15 cm; 2 σ) at 0.5 m resolution

• Spectral imagery at 50 cm resolution

• Identification of 2m x 2m x 2m navigation hazards.

• Seamless topo / bathy 1m digital elevation model

(DEM)

• Seamless topo / bathy 1m bare earth DEM

• Urban feature dimensions & attribution

• RGB orthorectified imagery (0.5 m pixel

resolution; 2 m positioning accuracy)

• Shoreline vector @ “0” NAVD88

• USGS Dhi elevations

• Bottom reflectance images

• Water & water surface characterization

• Habitat identification polygons @ 2m accuracy – Dry beach

– Wet beach

– Dune

– Vegetated dune

– Vegetation types

– Urban features (buildings & roads)

– Sand v. hard bottom v. lag v. cobble v. clay v.

seagrass v. vegetation

– Sediment grain size & type

1 Processing

• Automated processing, editing, products, and metadata

• Integrated processing, editing and products

• Automated / integrated survey implementation

• Runs on COTS hardware

Requirement

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

5

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Sensor Suite

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Control Rack

Thermal Rack

Laser Rack Operator Rack

Lidar Sensor Head

T-4800 Camera

CASI-1500

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCZMIL lidar: HYBRID approach – Conical Scanning

x

x’

y’

3 2

4 0 1

5 6

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400 m

290 m

140 kts

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarOperational Scenario

Bathymetry

Diameter of laser spot = 2.5 meters

Diameter of largest void = 0.54 meters

Topography

Diameter of laser segment spot = 0.83 meters

Diameter of largest segment void = 0.7 meters

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Sensor Design – Cables, Cooling, Connectors

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Laser

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

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Lidar bathymetry operating principles/limitations

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Lidar bathymetry operating principles/limitations

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Co

un

ts

Time bins(ns)

SHOALS (Actual)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

CZMIL

Ft. Lauderdale water, 25m (40mrad channel, Kd ≈ 0.12 m-1)

Higher Signal, Better SNR

Better (shorter) system response

P3

P4

Ft. Lauderdale, 1.5m (Kd ≈ 0.12 m-1 , Shallow water channels) CZMIL

Better SNR and shorter system response

• Detect bottom deeper

• More accurate input to algorithms

• Better shallow water discrimination

CZMIL compared to SHOALS

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Data Processing System

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Data Processing System (L3)

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Water leaving

reflectance

Water column

attenuation

CDOM

absorption

Chl

concentration

Active seafloor

reflectance

Spectral seafloor

reflectance Data Fusion Products

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

CZMIL Geometric Calibrator

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

images courtesy of Dr. Michael Gonsalves, LT/NOAA (NOS/NGS/RSD)

Geometric calibration can be performed

using a planar featureless surface

- Airport Runway

- Sea surface

Parameters generated using a weighted

least squares adjustment

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

18

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

In-field Diagnostics

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Environmental and Proxy Testing – Airworthiness

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

DO-160F Style Testing

• Vibration

• Shock/crash safety

• Temperature

• Humidity

• Fire/flammability

• Emission of radio

frequency energy

• Power input

• Voltage spike

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Environmental and Proxy Testing

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Environmental and Proxy Testing – Hard Target Tests

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Hard target at 65.33 m (attenuator)

Target return

Fiber delay

Hard target at 65.33 m and fiber delay(attenuator)

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Schedule

• Early March 2012: integration of CZMIL into aircraft

• Acceptance Tests – MS Barrier Islands (Mud/sand bottom) – Late March 2012

– Fort Lauderdale, FL (Coral/Bright sand bottom) – Mid April 2012

Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LidarCoastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

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Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar

Questions?

Christopher L. Macon

[email protected]