8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
1/37
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
2/37
PreparedbytheHistoricalSocietyofPalmBeachCounty
2010HistoricalSocietyofPalmBeachCounty
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
3/37
WarinFloridaWaters19421943
EyesoftheHomeSkiesExhibitDates:February September2010
RememberingCoastalPatrol3,CivilAirPatrol
DuringtheopeningmonthsofWorldWarIIalittleknownstoryofthewartookplaceatLantanaAirportinPalm
BeachCounty.Forseventeenmonths,agroupofvolunteersservingintheCivilAirPatrolhelpedfightoneof
thebiggestthreatstoourcountryssafety:GermansubmarinescalledUBoats.Theyhuntedtheirpreyalong
theEastCoastoftheUnitedStatesandintheGulfofMexico.MenandwomenoftheCivilAirPatrol
volunteeredtheirtimeandresourcestohelpprotectourshoresfromtheUboatmenace.
EuropewasalreadyatwarandtheGermanUboatsweredestroyingalliedshippingintheAtlantic.By1940the
fourthousandstrongFloridaNationalGuardhadbeencalledintoservice.Thisleftthestatewithoutanyoneto
respondto
state
emergencies.
The
Florida
Legislature
and
Governor
Spessard
Holland
established
the
Florida
DefenseForceinApril1941.OnemonthlatertheFirstAirSquadron,anaviationdivisionoftheFloridaDefense
Force,wasestablishedatMorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeach.OnDecember1,1941justsixdaysbeforethe
JapaneseattackonPearlHarbortheCivilAirPatrolwasestablishedandtheFirstAirSquadronwasassimilated
intotheCivilAirPatrol.WiththeestablishmentoftheCAP,civilianpilotsandaviationenthusiastswereableto
puttheirskillsandprivate,lightplanestouseforcivildefenseefforts.
Thetemporaryexhibition,whichcommemoratesthehistoryofCivilAirPatrolsCoastalPatrol3,isafascinating
storyisonewhoseimpactisstillfeltandrememberedinthiscommunity.TheCivilAirPatrol(CAP)workedto
fillthewartimevoidbyprovidingsmallcivilianairplanesforantisubmarinepatrolsalongthecoastuntilthe
militarycould
take
over
the
mission.
Exhibit
highlights
include:
cartoons
and
an
authentic
CAP
uniform
from
ZackMosley,nationallyknowncomicstripartist;WorldWarIICAPinsigniaandhats,replicaofalifesaving
deviceknownasabarracudabucket;andotherartifacts.
ThisexhibitismadepossiblebythegeneroussponsorshipsoftheMarshallE.Rinker,Sr.Foundation,Inc.and
FloridaAirmotive,Inc.
3
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
4/37
TeachersGuidetotheSpecialExhibit
WarinFloridaWaters19421943:
EyesoftheHomeSkies
ForTeachers:
All
sections
of
this
guide
may
be
reproduced
for
your
students.
SuggestedActivities
Pleaseseepages
SuggestedReading
Burnham,FrankA. HeroNextDoor:TheStoryoftheCivilAirPatrol
Hoyt,EdwinP. Uboatsoffshore:WhenHitlerStruckAmerica
Gannon,Michael. OperationDrumbeat:TheDramaticTrueStoryofGermanys
FirstU
Boat
Attacks
Along
the
American
Coast
in
World
War
II
Hickham,HomerH.Jr. TorpedoJunction:UBoatWaroffAmericasEastCoast,1942
Keefer,LouisE. FromMainetoMexico:WithAmerica'sPrivatePilotsin
theFightagainstNaziUBoats
Morison,SamuelEliot. TheBattleoftheAtlantic,September1939May1943,Vol.1
Neprud,RobertE. FlyingMinuteMen,thestoryoftheCivilAirPatrol
Paterson,Lawrence. UBoatWarPatrol:TheHiddenPhotographicDiaryofU564
WebsitestoVisit
NationalMuseumoftheCivilAirPatrol http://www.caphistory.org
CAPCoastalPatrolHistory60Years http://history.nhq.cap.gov
HistoryoftheCivilAirPatrol www.armedforceshistory.org/Civil_Air_Patrol_History.html
OperationDrumbeat http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htm
UBoatArchive http://www.uboatarchive.net
Uboat http://www.uboat.net
GermanUBoatsandBattleoftheAtlantic http://www.uboataces.com
4
http://www.caphistory.org/http://history.nhq.cap.gov/http://www.armedforceshistory.org/Civil_Air_Patrol_History.htmlhttp://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htmhttp://www.uboatarchive.net/http://www.uboat.net/http://www.uboataces.com/http://www.uboataces.com/http://www.uboat.net/http://www.uboatarchive.net/http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htmhttp://www.armedforceshistory.org/Civil_Air_Patrol_History.htmlhttp://history.nhq.cap.gov/http://www.caphistory.org/8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
5/37
FloridaSunshineStateStandards
4th Grade
SocialStudies
SS.4.A.1.1 Analyzeprimaryandsecondaryresourcestoidentifyindividualsandevents
throughoutFloridaHistory.
SS.4.A.1.2 SynthesizeinformationrelatedtoFloridahistorythroughprintand
electronicmedia.
SS.4.A.7.3 IdentifyFloridas
Role
in
World
War
II.
SS.4.A.9.1 UtilizetimelinestosequencekeyeventsinFloridaHistory.
LanguageArts
LA.4.1.6.1 Usenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaughtdirectly.
LA.4.2.2.2 Useinformationfromthetexttoanswerquestionsrelatedtoexplicitlystatedmain
ideasorrelevantdetails.
LA.4.4.1.1 Writenarrativesbasedonrealorimaginedideas,events,orobservationsthatinclude
characters,setting,plot,sensorydetails,alogicalsequenceofevents,andacontext
toenablethereadertoimaginetheworldoftheeventorexperience.
LA.4.6.2.1 Selectatopicforinquiry,refineapredeterminedsearchplan.
VisualArts
VA.A.1.2.1 Useandorganizetwodimensionalandthreedimensionalmedia,
techniques,tools,andprocessestoproduceworksofartthatare
derivedfrompersonalexperience,observation,orimagination.
VA.A.1.2.4 Usegoodcraftsmanshipinavarietyoftwodimensionalandthree
dimensionalmedia.
8th Grade
SocialStudies
SS.8.A.1.2 Analyzecharts,graphs,maps,photographsandtimelines;analyze
politicalcartoons;determinecauseandeffect.
Language
ArtsLA.8.1.6.1 Thestudentwill usenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaughtdirectly
LA.8.3.5.1 Thestudentwill preparewritingusingtechnologyinaformat
appropriatetoaudienceandpurpose(e.g.,manuscript,multimedia).
9th12th Grades
SocialStudies
SS.912.A.6.1 Examinecauses,course,andconsequencesofWorldWarIIontheUnitedStatesand
theworld. UnderstandthecausesandcourseofWorldWarII,thecharacterofthe
warathomeandabroad,anditsreshapingoftheUnitedStatesroleinthepostwar
world.
SS.912.W.7.7 TracethecausesandkeyeventsrelatedtoWorldWarII.
LanguageArts
LA.910.1.6.1 Thestudentwillusenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaught
LA.1112.1.6.1 directly
LA.910.3.5.1 Thestudentwill preparewritingusingtechnologyinaformat
LA.1112.3.5.1 Appropriatetothepurpose(e.g.,fordisplay,multimedia).
5
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
6/37
Advocate Someonewhodefendsormaintainsacauseorproposal;
someonewhosupportsorpromotestheinterestsof
another.
BarracudaBucket
A
barracuda
bucket
is
ahomemade
flotation
device
and
agreencanvasbagattachedtoalargerubberinnertube
PuddleJumper Anicknamecivilianaviatorscalledtheirsmallaircraft.
Othernicknameswereaerialeggbeater,grasshopper,
andflyingjeep.
PBY TheConsolidatedPBYCatalinawasanAmericanflying
boatinthe1930sand1940sproducedbyConsolidated
Aircraft.DuringWorldWarII,everybranchofthemilitary
usedthe
PBY.
PBYs
were
used
in
anti
submarine
patrols,
convoyescorts,searchandrescuemissions,andcargo
transport.
Paukenschlag ThisisGermanfordrumbeat.Thenamewasgivento
theGermanOperationPaukenschlag inJanuary1942
whenGermanUboatsattackedalliedshippingalong
theU.S.eastcoast.
Unterseeboot Unterseeboot isGermanforunderseaboatorsubmarine
TheabbreviatedversionisUBootorinEnglishUboat.
MaeWest Apersonalflotationdevice(alsoreferredtoas,
lifejacket,lifepreserver,MaeWest,lifevest,etc.)is
adevicedesignedtoassistawearer,either
consciousorunconscious,tokeepafloatwithhisor
hermouthandnose(airway)ofhisorherhead's
faceabovethewatersurfacewheninoronwater.
Vocabulary
6
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
7/37
BackgroundInformationforTeachers
WarinFloridaWaters19421943:EyesoftheHomeSkies
PreludetoWar
AswarloomedoverEuropeinthelate1930s,Americancivilianaviatorsbegantakingacritical
lookatUnitedStatesairpower. Someaviationenthusiaststhoughtthemilitarysairforceswere
unprepared,ill
equipped,
and
incapable
of
defending
the
extensive
coastline
of
the
United
States
shouldwarcometoAmerica. Civilianpilotscametogetherindifferentgroupsatlocalairportsto
discussthesituationandtopreparetheirplanesforuseincaseofanationalemergency. Atthe
forefrontofthismovementwasGillRobbWilson,thefatheroftheCivilAirPatrol.
Inthemid1930sWilson,NewYorkHeraldTribune aviationeditor,DirectorofAviationforNew
Jersey,andpresidentoftheNationalAeronauticsAssociation,traveledtoGermany. Duringhis
visit,GermanLuftwaffecommandgaveWilsonunprecedentedaccesstoobserveGerman
militaryaircraftandtraining. HeevenattendedaspeechgivenbyAdolphHitlerinNuremberg.
OnhisreturntriptotheU.S.,Germanysgrowingairpowerworriedhim. Wilsonconcludedthat
Germanywaspreparingforwar. Hebelieved,asdidotherAmericanaviators,thatairpowerwas
thekey
to
national
defense.
Etched
into
Wilsons
memory
was
aremark
made
by
aGerman
Armyofficer. Theofficer,whohadbeentotheU.S.,said,Youreastcoastisthebestsubmarine
huntinggroundintheworld.
AfterWilsonreturnedtohishomeinNewJersey,hesawcivilaviationasayetuntapped
resourcetobecalleduponintheeventofanationalemergency. Civilianpilotscouldprovide
usefulservicestothenationinacrisisbyprovidinginformation,patrols,disasterrelief,and
transportation. WilsondiscussedwithNewJerseyGovernorCharlesEdisonwhatNewJersey
coulddointheeventofanationalorstateemergency. WithEdisonsapproval,Wilsonbegan
organizingastatecivilianairforcecalledtheNewJerseyCivilAirDefenseServices. On1
September1939,GermanyattackedPolandlaunchingWorldWarII.
FloridaPrepares
for
War
InreactiontothedeclarationsofwarinEurope,in1940theU.S.Congressapproveda
peacetimedraftandincreasedthebudgetforthemilitary. PresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,in
turn,declaredastateofemergency,allowingtheactivationoftheNationalGuardforfederal
service. WiththeNationalGuardfederalized,CongressamendedtheNationalDefenseActin
October1940allowingeachstatetoestablishanarmedforcetomeettheirinternalsecurity
needs.
InNovember1940,the4,000manFloridaNationalGuardwascalledintofederalservice.
GovernorElectSpessardL.HollandestablishedtheStateDefenseCounciltoorganizeciviliansto
defendFlorida. DuringHollandsinauguralspeech,hepointedoutthatbecauseofFloridas
strategicpositionbetweentheAtlanticOceanandGulfofMexico,thestatehadtomake
preparationsforitsowndefense.
AfterthelastofFloridasNationalGuardunitsenteredactivefederalserviceinJanuary1941,
Hollandorderedthecreationofastateguard.hestatelegislaturepassedChapter20314creating
the FloridaDefenseForce,astateguard,tooperatewhiletheNationalGuardisinfederal
service. Thecreationofthedefenseforcewasoneoftheearliestciviliandefenseforces
organizedintheUnitedStates. Atotalforceof2,105menandwomencomprisedof34infantry
companiesof62meneachwouldbecalledfortotakeoverthedutiesoftheNationalGuard.
OncetheNationalGuardreturnedtostatecontrol,theFDFwouldbedischargedfromstate
service.
7
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
8/37
OncetheFDFwasestablished,CompanyE,7th Battalion(laterredesignatedasthe8th
Battalion)wasformedinWestPalmBeachinJuly1941. UnderthecommandofCaptainRichard
D.Hill,theunitestablisheditscompanyheadquartersattheNationalGuardArmorybuildingin
WestPalmBeach,nowtheArmoryArtCenter,leftvacantbythefederalizationofCompanyC,
124th Infantry.
Floridasvastcoastlinepresentedaseriousdefenseproblemforthestate.Thoughlandunits
couldprovidepatrols,therewerelargeuninhabitedareasalongthecoast. Ananswertothis
problem
was
a
civilian
aviation
corps
to
patrol
the
coastal
areas
from
the
air.
By
mid
May
1941,
AdjutantGeneralVivianCollinshadgivenhisapprovalfortheformationofanairsquadronat
MorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeachandappointedWrightIkeVermilya,Jr.,presidentofPalm
BeachAeroCorporation,ascommander. Vermilyawasanexperiencedaviator,aircraftdealer,
WorldWarIpilot,andformerNationalGuardofficer.InJanuary1929,Vermilyahadbecomethe
headofEmbryRiddleFlightSchoolinDaytonaBeach,Florida. Nineyearslater,Vermilya
managedPalmBeachAeroCorporationatMorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeach. InMay1941,he
waschosentoheadthe1st AirSquadron,FloridaDefenseForce. TheninDecember,Vermilyawas
selectedtocommandtheFloridaWingoftheCivilAirPatrolwithhisheadquartersinWestPalm
Beach.VermilyarosetotherankofcolonelandreceivedthemilitarysAirMedalforhisservice
flyingantisubmarinepatrolsduringWorldWarII.
Thesquadrons
missions
included
patrolling
Floridas
coastline,
search
and
rescue,
and
guardingciviliancentersfromtheair. Duringlocalemergencies,itwouldassisttroopsand
transportequipmentfromthestatearsenalinSt.Augustinetovariouslocationsthroughout
Florida. However,thecivilianairunitcouldnotbecalledontoengageinhostilities.
On28May1941,Collinsmusteredinthe1st AirSquadron,FloridaDefenseForce. The
squadronincludedtechnical,headquarters,communications,engineering,andphotographic
sections,plusthreeflightsoffivepilotseach. VermilyasstaffincludedCecilZekeCornelius,
executiveofficer;EdForbes,adjutant;Dr.H.A.Wakefield,flightsurgeon;JakeBoyd,engineer;
ThorneDonnelly,communicationsofficer;JohnArtKeil,photographicofficer;JohnPrince,
supplyofficer;WallyMaier,operationsofficer;andflightcommandersJ.RoyHime,FlightA;
MarshallE.DocRinker,FlightB;andTedKeys,FlightC. Theenlistedranksincludedonefirst
sergeant,two
master
sergeants,
five
staff
sergeants,
thirteen
sergeants,
and
twenty
privates.
CivilAirPatrol
AfterFiorelloLaGuardia,formermayorofNewYorkCity,wasappointedtoheadthenew
federalOfficeofCivilDefense,establishedbypresidentialorderinMay1941,heworkedwithGill
RobbWilson;GuyP.Gannett,ownerofachainofMainenewspapers;ThomasBeck,Chairmanof
CrowellCollierPublishingCompany;andlaterReedLandis,todevelopaplanforanationalcivil
airpatrol. Theplanwastoformaminutemanforcetogainvaluabletimeforthemilitaryto
prepareforthedefenseofthenation. WilsonusedNewJerseysCivilAirDefenseServicesasthe
modelforthenationalplan.Inlate1941theteampresentedtheplantoLaGuardia,who
reviewedand
sent
it
to
General
Henry
H.
Hap
Arnold,
commander
of
the
Army
Air
Corps.
Arnoldlikedtheideaandappointedaboardofarmyaircorpsofficerstoreviewtheplan. Aftera
thoroughexamination,theboardendorsedtheplan. Perhapsfromthebeginning,Arnold
foresawthevaluablecontributionstheCAPcouldmaketowardsthedefenseofthecountryand
theassistanceitcouldoffertothemilitary.
JustsixshortdaysbeforetheJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor,underpresidentialexecutive
order,LaGuardiasignedAdministrativeOrderNo.9establishingtheCivilAirPatrol. TheCAP
wouldbolsterthenationscoastaldefensesandperformawiderangeofdutiesincluding
searchingforenemysubmarines,borderpatrols,andrescuemissions.Withtheestablishmentof
8
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
9/37
theCAP,civilianpilotsandaviationenthusiastscouldputtheiraviationskillsandprivate,light
planestouseforcivildefenseefforts. Theopportunitytousetheapproximately100,000civilian
aviatorsandtheir23,000privateaircraftfornationaldefensewasanadvantageforboththe
civilianpilotsandthemilitary. Essentially,theuseofcivilianplaneswouldallowmilitaryaircraft
toperformmoreimmediatemilitarymissions. Formanycivilianpilots,thiswastheonlywaythey
couldflybecausethegovernmentgroundedallcivilianflightsexceptcommercialairlinesafterthe
attackonPearlHarbor. Manyofthesmallcivilianplanes,suchastheStinsonVoyager,were
affectionatelynicknamed,
puddle
jumpers
because
they
were
small
planes
with
low
horsepowerengines. Othernicknamesfortheseplaneswereflyingjeep,grasshopper,or
aerialeggbeater.
OnSundaymorning,7December1941,theJapaneseattackedPearlHarbor,Hawaii,thrusting
theU.S.intowar. NotuntilthateveningdidtheGermanslearnofthesneakattackonthe
Americannavalbase. GermanofficialsknewnothingoftheJapaneseplantoattackU.S.territory.
HadtheGermansknownwhatwasgoingtohappen,theymayhavebeenabletoparticipateby
unleashingasurpriseattackontheAmericaneastcoast.
AftertheU.S.declaredwaronJapan,theGermangovernmentinturndeclaredwaronthe
UnitedStates. HitlerthenorderedUboatstoattackshippingontheU.S.eastcoast. AstheNew
Yearbegan,theGermanslaunchedOperationPaukenschlag (drumbeat)inJanuary1942against
thevulnerable
U.S.
east
coast,
and
then
later
carryed the
campaign
into
the
Caribbean
and
Gulf
ofMexico. ThefirstvictimwastheBritishfreighterSSCyclops torpedoedbyU123whichwas
commandedbyKapitanleutnantReinhard Hardegen on12January1942offCapeCod,
Massachusetts.IntheearlymonthsofOperationPaukenschlag,Uboatcommandersfound
virtuallynoeffectiveantisubmarinemeasuresalongtheeastcoastduringthefirstmonthsofthe
Uboatcampaign. GermanUboatmen,whocrossedtheAtlantictoattackalliedshippingalong
theU.S.eastcoast,referredtothisperiodasthehappytimes.
InJanuary1942,adozentankersandfreightersweresunkordamagedbyUboatsoperating
alongtheeastcoast;withintwomonths,thenumberincreasedtofortytwosunkordamaged
ships. ByJune1942,ninetysevenshipsandapproximately5,000peoplehadbeenlosttoUboat
attacks.
After
April,
the
U.S.
military
was
finally
able
to
launch
effective
counter
measures
to
combatUboatattackswhicheventuallystoppedby1943. Partofthecountermeasureswasthe
useoftheCivilAirPatrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrolsfromthelastdayofFebruary1942to
August1943.
AU.S.NavalreportlaterstatedTheAxissubmarinecampaignwaswellplanned.Nowhere
elseintheworldcould(Germany)findsuchaconcentrationofshipsinsuchasmallarea.
NorthboundshipscruisedtheGulfStreamwhilesouthboundshipswerefunneledbetweenthe
GulfStreamandtheeastcoastofFlorida. TheUnitedStatesshippinglanesoffFloridawerethe
secondbusiestintheU.S.andratedsixthintheworld. OneoutofeverytwelveshipssunkbyU
boatsoccurredinFloridawaters.
AdmiralErnestKing,CommanderinChief,U.S.Fleet,didnotparticularlyliketheideaofusing
civilaviators
to
carry
out
anti
submarine
patrols.
On
the
other
hand,
the
Army
Air
Corps
had
no
objections. AfewdaysaftertheCAPbeganitspatrolduties,AdmiralAdolphus Andrews,
Commander,NorthAtlanticNavalCoastalFrontier,triedtopersuadetheNavytousetheCAP.
AndrewsthoughtthisscarecrowforcewouldbeabletorestrictGermannavaloperationsalong
theU.S.eastcoast. Kingsreplywassimplethescarecrowpatrolwasrejectedongroundsof
operationaldifficulties. However,afterafewmonthsinoperation,theNavygrudgingly
recognizedthesuccessofCAPcoastalpatrols.
WithArmyAirCorpsapproval,threebaseswereauthorizedtooperateforathreemonthtrial
periodtoevaluateCAPperformance. TheexperimentalbaseswereorganizedatAtlanticCity,
9
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
10/37
NewJersey;Rehoboth,Delaware(bothestablishedon28February1942);andWestPalmBeach,
Florida,on30March1942. AfactorintheselectionofWestPalmBeachasoneofthe
experimentalbasesmaybebecausePalmBeachCountyisclosertotheGulfStreamthan
anywhereelseontheeastcoast. Thisshippinglanebecameaprimetargetforenemynaval
attacks. Thefirstthreebasesprovedsuchasuccessthateighteenadditionalbasesquickly
organizedalongtheeasternseaboardandGulfcoaststretchingfromMainetoTexas. Altogether,
fivebaseswerelocatedinFlorida:Lantana(CP3),FlaglerBeach(CP5),Miami(CP7),Sarasota(CP
13),and
Panama
City
(CP
14).
CoastalPatrolBaseNo.3
On30March1942,CAPsCoastalPatrol3wasofficiallyestablishedabsorbingthemembersof
the1st AirSquadron. FromApril1942toMay1943,theunitwouldflyfourteenmissionsaday.
Thefirstpatrolsconsistedofonlyoneplaneperpatrol. However,inmidMay1942,thispractice
changedtotwoaircraftperpatrolafterCAPCoastalPatrolaircraftwerearmedwithbombs.
Throughouttheunitsseventeenmonthsofantisubmarinepatrols,CP3wasinvolvedwith
searchingforenemysubmarines,locatingsinkingshipsandassistingintherescueofthe
survivors,searchingfordownedaircraft,andsavingshipsfromUboatattacks. Theirpatrolarea,
fromthePalmBeachareanorthtoMelbourneandback,comprisedapproximately120milesof
coastlineandupto60milesouttosea. Thepilotsandobserverswouldscanthewaterand
beachesforfloatingwreckage,debris,oilslicks,raftsandlifeboatsofsurvivors,periscopes,and
Uboats. ThelastflightwouldspendthenightattheBananaRiverNavalAirStation(nowPatrick
AirForceBase)thenreturnthefollowingmorning. Thetwopatrolplanesflewatdifferent
altitudes,oneatfivehundredfeetandtheotheratonethousandfeet. Twopairsofplaneswould
takeoffforpatrol,oneheadingnorthfromtheLantanaareaandtheotherheadingsouthfrom
BananaRiverNAS.
DeadlyEncounters
TendaysafterCoastalPatrol3beganflyingantisubmarinepatrols,theU.S.freighterSS Leslie
fellvictim
to
U
123
on
12
April
1942,
hours
before
an
attack
on
the
Swedish
freighter
SS
Korsholm. OffthecoastofMelbourne,pilotE.V.QuinnandobserverE.C.LoyofCP3assisted
CoastGuardunitsinlocatingsurvivorsoftheSSKorsholm,whichhadbeenattackedbyU123at
about2:00amon13April1942. Inthisattack,theGermancommanderKapitanleutnant
Reinhard Hardegen usedtheUboatscannonandmachinegunsbecausethelastofthe
torpedoeshadbeenexpendedduringtheattackontheLeslie. TheLeslielostfourcrewmenand
the Korsholm lostnine.
ThemonthofMayprovedtobeanextremelydeadlymonthformerchantshipsoffthecoastof
Florida. On3May1942,CP3pilotSamBelcherandobserverTomManning,reportedthe
locationofsurvivorsoftheBritishfreighterOceanVenuswhichhadbeentorpedoedandsunkby
U564commandedbyKorvettenkapitan Reinhard Suhren offCapeCanaveral. FiveBritishsailors
werelost
in
the
attack.
Other
patrols
were
involved
in
finding
the
debris
of
the
Laertes,
aDutch
freightersunkbyU109underthecommandofKapitanleutnantHeinrichBleichridt,onthesame
dayastheOceanVenus. On4May1942,offBoyntonBeach,U564torpedoedtheBritish
freighterEclipse. OnthesamedayastheattackontheEclipse,nearHobeSound,theSSDelisle, a
CanadianshipwasfounddamagedfromaUboatattack. Thegapingholeinhersidewas
repairedenoughtobetowedtoPortEvergladesforanextensiveoverhaul. Twocrewmenfrom
theDelisle werelostintheattack.Korvettenkapitan Reinhard Suhren,commanderofU564was
responsiblefortheattackontheDelisle andtheEclipse.
Between56May1942,CAPplanesfoundtheremainsofthreeships,theDutchfreighterSS
10
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
11/37
Amazone,whichsunkminutesaftertheattack,andtheSSHalsey, aU.S.tanker,bothattributedto
U333,andtheU.S.tankerJavaArrowwhichhadbeensunkbyanotherUboat. Twodayslater,
offFortPierce,U564sanktheU.S.freighterSSOhioan withthelossofseventeenseamen. On
theheelsoftheseattacks,thePotrero delLlano,aMexicantanker,wasattackedbyU564near
SandKeyoffMiamionthenightof14May1942. Thirteencrewmenwerelostinthatattack. This
attackandasecondonanotherMexicanship,ledMexicotodeclarewaronGermany.
WileyReynolds,Jr.rememberedthateverytimehewentoutonpatrolinMay1942,hesawa
shipburningfromUboatattacks. HesaidtheUboatswerejustknockingofftheseships.
Reynoldsstated
many
of
the
ships
he
saw
in
flames
were
carrying
fuel.
The
sailors
on
those
ships
didnthaveachance. Ononepatroltheonlyremainsofashiphesawwasjustaraftfloating
withonlyasailorshat,nothingelse.
Toemphasizejusthowhorrendousanattackonatankercouldbe,JohnWalsh,survivorofthe
attackonthetankerCitiesServicesEmpirebyU128,explainedhisstorytothepress.
Isawourcaptain[WilliamJ.Jerman]ontheraft. Heandsomeof
theothermenwereonitandthecurrentwassuckingthemintothe
burningoilaroundthetanker. Ilastsawthecaptaingoingintoasheet
offlame. Someofthefellowssaidhescreamed. Ididnthearhim.
MunroeReynoldswaswithmeforawhile. Hewasscreamingthat
hewasgoingblindGus,thequartermaster,waswithus. Hehada
pieceofsteelinhisheadandhesaidIwontlastlong. Hedidnt.
Lantana
BecauseofincreasedArmyAirCorpsatMorrisonField,CP3moveditsoperationstoLantana
AirportinMay1942. Anotherreasonfortherelocationmayhavebeenmilitaryofficialsdidnot
wantsmallcivilianaircraftcarryingbombstousethesameairporttheaircorpswasusing.
Bombingpracticewasstagedon17Maytwodaysbeforetheychangedairfields.
TheservicefacilitiesatLantanawerespartan atfirst.Therewerethreelandingstripsof3,500
feetlongatthenewairportandeightportablecanvashangersandsixindividualworkshops. The
largewooden
hanger
was
used
for
CAP
operations
was
built
after
the
unit
had
moved
to
their
newlocation. TherewasasmallerconcretebuildingjustwestofthehangerwhereCP3s
headquarterswereestablished. Often,workontheplaneswasdoneoutsideorwiththenose
justinsideaportablehanger.
TheRedCrossMotorCorpsoperatedacanteenforthemenandwomenservingatLantana
Airport.Severalwomen,includingMrs.MargaretEmerson,herdaughterGloriaBakerTopping
Alexander,andMrs.EdwardSwenson,contributedtoafundtoconstructaproperbuildingforthe
canteentosupportCoastalPatrol3. MaterialsweredonatedbyDocRinkeratcost,thedesignof
thestructurewascompletedbyJakeBoyd,JackWillson builtit,andMrs.JessieDonahue
providednecessaryequipmentforit. TheinteriordecorationwasprovidedbyGloriaBaker
ToppingAlexander. Theclubhousewaseastofthehanger. Whencompletedithadsleeping
quarterswith
four
double
decker
bunks,
akitchen,
and
recreational
facilities.
To
entertain
themselves,themenandwomenenjoyedatenniscourt,basketballcourt,andapingpongtable.
CharlesMunn,Sr.donatedaradioandtherewasadivingboardandfloatatthelake(Lake
Osborne)totheeastoftherunway.
CivilianPlanesArmed
Oneofthemostnotableincidentsoccurredon5May1942thatfinallyledtothearmingof
CAPplaneswithbombsanddepthcharges. DuringapatrollateinthedayoffthecoastofCape
Canaveral,MarshallE.RinkerandTomManningofCP3,spottedaUboatcruisingnearthecoast.
11
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
12/37
TheUboatattemptedtodivetoevadetheCAPplanebutinsteadgotstuckonasandbarin
shallowwater.RinkerandManningcircledforalmostanhourcallingforassistance;however,help
didnotarriveintime. Duringthatlong,aggravatinghour,theUboatdislodgeditselfandescaped
todeepwater. WhenhelpfinallyarrivedonthescenetheUboatwasgone.
GreatlydisturbedbythelostopportunitytobagaUboat,Vermilya notifiedCAPheadquarters,
Thatsonethatwecouldhavechalkedupforasurekillifwedhadbombs. SinceVermilya
knewGeneralHenryH.HapArnold,CommandingGeneraloftheU.S.ArmyAirCorps,Vermilya
called
him
at
the
Pentagon
about
the
one
that
got
away.
After
hearing
about
the
incident,
Arnoldorderedallcoastalpatrolaircraftarmedwithbombs.
Oncetheordertoarmcoastalpatrolplaneswasgiven,CP3flewtheirplanestoMorrisonField
tobefittedwithbombracks. Thesewereattachedtotheundersideofthefuselageontheright
sideundertheobserversseat;theobserverwouldnowactasthebombardier. Acrude
homemadebombsightwasmadefrompiecesofhandymetal. Thebombsightwasmountedto
theleftsideoftheplaneforthepilottosightinonhistarget. Surprisingly,thebombsightwas
veryaccurateatanaltitudeofathousandfeet.
Theaircrewwouldbegintheirbombingrunataboutathousandfeet. Thepilotwouldstick
hisheadoutthewindowwhichwasprotectedbytheairdeflectorandlookthroughthe
bombsightadjustingitwiththehandleintheplaneand/orbypushingtherudderpeddlesuntil
thetarget
was
found.
The
pilot
kept
doing
this
as
the
plane
closed
in.
The
sight
was
mounted
in
suchawaythatasyouadjustedit,thesightwouldcomeintocontactwithaswitchwhenthe
aircraftwasatthebombreleasepoint. Theswitchthenactivatedaredlightinsidethecabin
signalingtheobservertoreleasethebomb. Anotherwaythepilotcommunicatedtothe
observertodropthebombwasbypattingtheobserversleftknee.Inlessthanaweek,mostof
CP3saircrafthadbeenfittedwithsightsandbombracks. Toreleasethebombduringanattack,
theobserverhadtwowirestopullbothleadingtothebombordepthchargethroughthefloor.
Onewirewiththeredhandlearmedthebomb. Thewirewiththeyellowhandlereleasedthe
bomb.
Thetypeofarmamentdependedonthetypeofaircraftflown. SmallerplanesliketheStinson
VoyagersandRearwins werefittedwithone100poundbomb. ThelargerFairchilds carriedtwo
100pound
bombs
and
Stinson
Reliants were
armed
with
one
325
pound
depth
charge.
The
bottomfinofthedepthchargehadtobesawedoffinordertoclearthegroundduringtakeoff.
Therewasascantseveninchesofclearancebetweenthebottomofthemodifieddepthcharge
andtheground.
FollowingthearmingoftheCAPplanes,on19May1942,pilotWileyReynoldsandobserver
EarlAdamsmadethefirstattackonwhattheythoughtwasaUboatdroppingthe100pound
bombtheywerecarrying. Reynoldsknewhewastakingachancebecauseitwaslargeandwas
eitherasubmergedUboatorawhale. Hehopeditwasnotawhalebuthewantedtobesafe.
WallaceR.KinggothisopportunitytobombaUboatwhenhethoughthesawthebubbles
fromadivingsubmarine. KingdroppedhisbombonthespotwheretheUboathadsubmerged
andthen
continued
with
his
patrol.
A
nearby
Coast
Guard
boat
came
to
investigate
the
bombing.
Shortlyaftertheattack,theLantanabasereceivedamessagestatingpilotsshouldstopbombing
sunkenships. AccordingtotheCoastGuard,Kingapparentlyattackedashipwreck. Thebubbles
werefromawreckwhichhadmovedbecauseoftheunderwatercurrentsoftheocean.
Onedayonpatrol,CharlesWeeksandhisobserverdecidedtopracticesightingonatarget.
WeekschosetheFortPiercebuoytopracticesightingforabombingrun. Duringthepracticerun,
Weeksobserveraccidentallyreleasedthebomb. Theyknewtheywouldlikelygetintosome
troublefordroppingtheirbombsotheyconjuredupastorytocoverthemselves. Whenthey
returnedtobase,theytoldtheintelligenceofficerthatthebombrackwasloosecausingthe
12
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
13/37
bombtodropwhileonpatrol.
TroubleintheAir
Theaviatorsflyingantisubmarinepatrolsknewtherisksthatcamefromflyingsuchmissions
andthatamalfunctioncouldhappenatanytimewhetheritwasoverlandortheoceanfarfrom
land. Theyrantheriskofcrashingintothewateriftheycouldnotmakeitanairstriporsome
desertedbeach. SomemembersofCoastalPatrol3wouldexperiencesuchcircumstancesand
land
safely
but
a
couple
of
air
crews
would
have
to
land
on
the
water.On9July1942,justbeforenoon,TedKeysandTomManninghadtocrashlandbecauseofa
mechanicalmalfunctionfourtofivehundredfeetoffshoreofPalmBeachnearBethesdaByThe
SeaEpiscopalChurch. Themalfunctioncausedafireintheengine. ItwasputoutwhenKeysput
theplaneintoadive. Themenwerenothurtandwhentheplanewaslaterrecoveredthebomb
wasfoundtobestillinitsrack. KeysandManningforgottodropthebombbeforeditchingthe
plane. KeysandManningreceivedtheDuckClubawardfortheirlandingintheocean.
LieutenantWileyR.Reynoldswasdescribedasagood,cautiouspilotandwasreadyfor
anythingthatmighthappen. Thesafetyequipmenthecarriedinhisairplaneonpatrolincluded
sharkrepellent,flarepistols,knives,andfloats.On11July1943,ReynoldsandhisobserverRalph
Cohntookoffonwhatshouldhavebeenanuneventfulpatrol. Butat2pmwhentheywereat
about1,500
feet,
they
encountered
engine
problems
off
Jensen
Beach
which
caused
them
to
crashlandintheAtlanticOcean. Bothescapedunharmedandwererescuedfromthewatera
shorttimelaterbyanearbyboatandtakentoFortPierce. Cohnwasluckybecausehedidnot
knowhowtoswim. Oncedown,heinflatedhisonemanliferaftandgotin. Reynoldsscousin
HarryBassettandAlexThomsonobservedtheincidentandcircledoverheaduntilhelparrived.
Theguysinthesmallboatmadeittothetwodownedfliersinaboutfiveminutes. Oncethe
menweresafelyonboard,therescuerstookthemtoFortPierce. Afterthetwelvemiletripto
FortPierce,Reynoldscalledhiswifetotellherhewasfine. Mrs.Reynoldsrepliedsothenyou
hadachancetotryoutyourequipmentnowthatIamtalkingtoyou,Iamnotworriedabout
you.
Thosepilotsandobserverswhohadtoditchtheiraircraftatseahadthehonorofreceiving
membershipin
the
Duck
Club.
Only
those
who
were
forced
to
land
in
water
earned
membershipintothisexclusiveclub. ReynoldsandCohnwereawardedmembershipintothe
DuckClub.
TheideaoftheDuckClubcamefromLieutenantColonelK.A.Vilas,CAPexecutiveofficerand
pioneeraviator.TheoriginatorgottheideafromtheArmyAirCorpsCaterpillarClub(those
forcedtoparachutefromaplane). TheDuckClubpatchwasdesignedusingthebluebackground
fromtheCAPinsigniawitharedduckfloatingonwaterandwaswornontheleftshirtpocket.
OnlythoseCAPmemberswhosurvivedditchingatseareceivedmembershipintotheclub. By
coincidence,oneofthefirstCAPmemberstoreceivetheawardwasVilasnephew,Lieutenant
WardVilas,whohadtolandonwaterwhileouthuntingGermansubmarines.
DefeatoftheUboats
InMay1943,theArmyAirCorpsassumedresponsibilityofdirectingtheCAP. Twomonths
later,CAPNationalHeadquarterissuedordersthatcoastalpatroloperationsweregoingtostand
downatsunsetTuesday,31August1943. TheNavywasreadytotakeoverthisduty. Writingin
August,AdmiralErnestJ.King,CommanderinChiefofU.S.FleetandChiefofNavalOperations,to
GeneralGeorgeC.Marshall,ChiefofStaffoftheArmy,statedtheCAPwasreleasedfromcoastal
patroldutieseffective31August1943. HeaskedMarshalltopassontotheCAPawelldonefor
theirenthusiastic,loyalandconstantcooperationincombatingthesubmarinemenace,patrolling
13
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
14/37
ourcoastlineandassistinginthelocatingofsurvivorsandshipsindistress.
WhenCAPantisubmarineoperationsstooddown,U.S.SenatorClaudePepper(DFL)attended
asundownceremonyheldattheLantanabaseon31August1943,markingtheendofanti
submarinepatrols. Asthesunset,PepperaddressedtheformationandthecrowdstatingIam
proudofthefactthatFloridahashadfiveofthetwentyonecoastalpatrolunitsintheU.S.and
thatthisone[CP3]wasthefirstinFlorida.Hecontinuedtopraisethemenandwomenof
CoastalPatrol3andhowtheyhelpedsavethenationfrominvadingGermanUboatsandforthe
sacrificestheymadeduringatimeofwar.
Nationally,CAP
Coastal
Patrol
units
flew
more
than
24
million
miles,
spotted
173
enemy
submarines,attacked57,officiallycreditedwithsinking2,andlost26menand90planes. The
finalvictoryovertheGermanUboatswastheresultofthecombinedeffortsoftheArmy,Navy,
CoastGuard,andtheCivilAirPatrol.
CoastalPatrol3flew18,712hoursplus45hoursofspecialmissionsfortheArmysSignal
SchoolatCampMurphyinMartinCounty. Theyflewanestimated1,546,500milesinseventeen
monthsofoperation. Aircrewsmadefourteenattacksdroppingtwentyonelivebombson
suspectedUboats.
OtherCAPWartimeMissions
OtherCAPunitsalsoassistedintheoverallwareffortonthehomefront. CAPsearchand
rescueunitsoperatingfromJanuary1942January1946flew26,000hoursofsearchandrescue
mission. Sixmembersofthesearchandrescueunitslosttheirlives. Cargoandcourierunits
wereresponsiblefortransportinghundredsofmilitarypersonnelandabout3.5millionpoundsof
cargoandmailfortheArmyAirCorpsfrom19421944. From19421944,BorderPatrolunits
wereresponsibleforpatrollingtheU.S.MexicanborderbetweenBrownsville,Texas,andDouglas,
Arizona. Theseunitsflew30,000hours,reporting7,000unusualoccurrences,about176
suspiciousaircraft,andflewatotalof500,000mileswiththelossoftwoCAPmembers. Target
towingmissionswereespeciallydangeroustofly. CAPplanespulledatargetaboutathousand
feetbehindtheplanewhileantiaircraftgununitspracticedfiringliveammunitionatthetarget
thatwasatanaltitudeupto5,000feethigh. In20,500targettowingandtrackingmissions,
about46,000
hours
were
flown.
Between
1942
1945,
these
units
suffered
the
loss
of
seven
killed,fiveinjured,andlosttwentythreeplanes.
Cadets
In1943,acadetprogramwasestablishedatLantanaairport,thoughanationalcadetprogram
hadbeenorganizedthepreviousyear. Theprogramwaspartofthepreinductionforenlistment
ofqualifiedpersonnelintotheArmyAirForce.On23August1943,CP3heldthefirstcadet
meetingwith28cadets.BySeptember,thecadetsquadronhadenrolledfiftycadets. Ayearlater,
thesquadron,knownasthePalmBeachSquadronwhichincludedcadetsfromWestPalmBeach,
PalmBeach,LakeWorth,Lantana,BoyntonBeach,andDelrayBeach,hadanenrollmentof100
boysand60girls. Tojoin,cadetshadtobeseventeenyearsoldorolderandwereablefor
enlistmentin
the
Army
Air
Corps.
In
October
1943,
the
cadet
squadron
began
accepting
girls
into
theprogram. OverfiftygirlsattendedameetingofthesquadronthefirstweekoftheOctober.
AttheendofOctober1943,tohelppromotetheprogramandattractnewcadets,Coastal
Patrol3bombedtownsalongtheeastcoastbetweenMelbourneandWestPalmBeachwith
leaflets. CaptainMarshallRinkerledmembersoftheunitthatincludedcaptainsEdQuinn,E.W.
Jackson,andTedKeysandLieutenantsGeorgeKent,BurtKruger,andRalphCohnonthebombing
missionswhichdropped10,000leaflets. Leafletsweredroppedonthecommunitiesof
Melbourne,EauGallie,VeroBeach,FortPierce,PortSalerno,Stuart,HobeSound,Jupiter,and
WestPalmBeach. RinkertoldthePalmBeachPosttheleafletshadbeenaneffectivetoolto
14
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
15/37
attractnewcadets.
PraiseforaJobWellDone
Thegovernmentwasslowinrecognizingtheimmensecontributionsmadeduringthewarby
theCivilAirPatrol. Finally,in1948,PresidentHarryTrumanauthorizedthepresentationofthe
AirMedaltothosewhoflewcoastalpatrol. CAPpersonnelwithmorethan200hoursflighttime
oncoastalpatrolduringtheperiodof19421943wereawardedtheAirMedal. On2May1948,
200FloridaCAPmembersfromLantana,Miami,DaytonaBeach,Sarasota,andPanamaCity
receivedthe
award
at
aceremony
held
at
Lantana
Airport.
Major
General
Lucas
V.
Beau,
USAF,
presentedthemedaltothem.Thisgrouprepresentedalmostonequarterofthetotal824medals
awardedtotheCAP,ofwhichfiftythreewereawardedtomembersofCP3.
Ayearafterthewarended,GeneralTooey Spaatz,firstchiefofstaff,USAF,admittedata
congressionaldinnerthattheU.S.airforceswerenotpreparedtomeetthatdanger[GermanU
boats],notequippedforadequatedefenseofthecountry,withlessforoffenseoverseas. Ofthe
CAPhecontinuedtosay,itwasthen,in1941,thattheCivilAirPatrolwasformedsomewhatasa
firebucketproject,tosupplementthemilitaryuntilthearmyandnavyhadtheresourcesto
defendtheU.S.
AfittingtributetotheCAPofWorldWarIIwasastatementmadebyanotherformerGerman
Uboatcommander. Sometimeafterthewar,anAmericanmilitaryofficerinterviewedtheexU
boatcommanderandaskedhimwhyUboatattacksstoppedalongtheeastcoastoftheUnited
States. Hisanswerwasbecauseofthosedamnedlittleredandyellowplanes.
PostWarCAP
In1943,controloftheCivilAirPatrol,originallyorganizedundertheOfficeofCivilDefense,
wastransferredtotheArmyAirForce(alsoknownasArmyAirCorps). Followingtheendofthe
war,thefuturewasuncertainfortheCAP. Thenin1946,PublicLaw476establishedtheCAPasa
patrioticandeducationalorganization. Twoyearslater,theCAPbecametheofficialauxiliaryof
thenewlycreatedU.S.AirForce.
CivilAir
Patrol
Missions
TheCivilAirPatrolperformsthreekeymissionsasdecreedbyCongress:
EmergencyServices:searchandrescuemissions,disasterrelief,humanitarianservices,AirForce
support,homelandsecurity,andantidrugtraffickingoperations.
AerospaceEducation:programsandactivitiesincludeformalcoursesaboutaviation,thespace
programandexploration,newaviationtechnologies,andcoursestoimproveflyingskillsearning
FederalAviationAdministration ratings.
CadetProgram:CAPcadetsarethosememberswhojoinbetweenages12and18. Theprogram
developsthe
young
to
become
leaders
and
good
citizens
through
their
interest
in
aviation
and
communityservice. Throughstudiesandotheractivities,cadetsprogressthroughachievements
thatincludespecialactivities,aerospaceeducation,leadershipprograms,moralleadership,and
physicalfitness.Ascadetsprogresstheyearnincreasedrank,awards,orcertificates.
15
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
16/37
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
17/37
Activities
17
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
18/37
ReadingComprehension Name:________________
DawnPatrolLt.BoyceStradley
(reprintedfromtheGastonGazette,1943)
ThefollowingisoneaccountwrittenbyLt.BoyceStradleywhoflewantisubmarinepatrolsfor
CoastalPatrolBase16atSkyco,DareCounty,NorthCarolina. Hisaccountwillgiveyouanideaof
whatitwasliketoflycoastalpatroldutyanditissimilartowhatotherpilotsandobservers
experiencedatothercoastalpatrolbases.
4:30a.m.WearecheckinginwiththeFlightOperationsOfficerforourdailyduty.Aswegetinto
ourflightgear,MaeWest,flyingsuitsandwhathaveyou,youcanhearthehumofthemotorsas
theyarewarmingupontheline.
Itisscarcely5:00a.m.andweareintheair.ThereisadimglowofdawnovertheAtlantic.Weare
offwith
aload
of
T.
N.
T.
for
Mr.
Hitlers
subs.
The
beach
goes
by
with
nothing
but
water
ahead.
As
thesunpeepsoutfrombehindtheoceanwefindourselvesmanymilesouttosea.Say,whatis
thatspeckonthehorizon?Wealterourcourseinthatdirection,aswedrawnearweseeaship.It
couldbeanoiltanker,merchantfreighteroratrooptransport.Yes,yourboycouldbeaboard.We
radiothebaseacodeandtheyknowwhatistakingplace.Wecirclearoundcoveringawidearea,
searchingfortheperiscopeofthatdeadlytinfish,sothatyourboymightreturnhomesafelyand
thatpreciousshipmentmightgetthrough.
Aftersearchingforfourorfivehours,wecanseeourplanescomingtorelieveusasourgasis
runninglow.Inreturningwefindalargespotofoilonthewater.Whatisitdoingthere?Couldone
ofourshipshavebeentorpedoed?Theremightbesurvivorsaround,oranenemysubcouldhave
beensurfaced
there
the
night
before.
We
make
anote
of
that
position
so
it
might
be
investigated.
At10:20weland,thatbeingfivehoursandtwentyminutesintheair.No,wearenotoffforthe
restoftheday.Wearereliefcrewfortheflightthattookoffat9:00.
Youmightwonderwhatbranchofserviceweareinandwhattypeofbomberwefly.No,itisnot
theArmyortheNavy,nordoweflyPBY'sorA20'sorB17's.WearetheCivilAirPatrol,composed
ofcivilianstryingtodotheirpart.Thepilotsarethecowpasturepilotsyouusedtoknow.The
airplanesareofciviliantype,withhorsepowerrangingfrom90to250.Ourinstrumentsarenotof
thebestbutweaccomplishourmissions.
Let's
ask
God
to
be
with
us
through
this
hell
and
terror,
so
we
can
see
your
boy
on
the
streets
of
dearoldGastoniaagain.
(thisisalsoavailableonlineathttp://www.co.dare.nc.us/Airport/Museum/Boyce.htm)
18
http://www.co.dare.nc.us/Airport/Museum/Boyce.htmhttp://www.co.dare.nc.us/Airport/Museum/Boyce.htm8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
19/37
Answerthefollowingquestions:
1.Whydoyouthinkthefirstpatrolofthedayleftsoearly?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.Lt.StradleyusesthetermMaeWest. WhatisaMaeWest?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.ThearticlereferstoMr.Hitlerssubs. WhatareGermansubmarinescalled?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.
Researchwhat
type
of
aircraft
the
following
is:
PBY ____________________________________________________
A20 ____________________________________________________
B17 ____________________________________________________
19
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
20/37
TestYourKnowledge Name__________________
1.WhendidWorldWarIIbegin? WhendidtheUnitedStatesenterthewar?
2.
What
is
a
U
boat?
3.WhydidGermanUboatsattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S.eastcoast?
4.Nationally,CAPCoastalPatrolunitsflewmorethan24millionmiles. Therewere21coastal
patrolbasesintheUnitedStates. Whatistheaveragemilesflownbyairpatrolsfromthesebases?
5.CoastalPatrol3flew1,546,500milesin17monthsofoperation. Whatwastheunitsaverage
mileageflown
per
month?
6.WhatweretheCAPplanesarmedwith?
7.Whatisabarracudabucket?
8.WhatkindofairplanedidartistZackMosleyuseforCoastalPatrol3sunitinsignia?
9.WhatdidthegovernmentawardtoCoastalPatrolmembersfortheirserviceduringWorld
WarII?
20
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
21/37
TestYourKnowledge AnswerKey
1.WhendidWorldWarIIbegin? WhendidtheUnitedStatesenterthewar?
September1,1939;December7,1941
2.WhatisaUboat?
AUboatisatypeofsubmarineinventedbytheGermansforuseinWorldWarIandII.Theinitial
"U"inUboatstandsfor"unterseeboot",orunderseaboatinEnglish.
3.WhydidGermanUboatsattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S.eastcoast?
TokeepsuppliesandmaterialfromreachingalliedforcesinEurope
4.Nationally,CAPCoastalPatrolunitsflewmorethan24millionmiles. Therewere21coastal
patrolbases
in
the
United
States.
What
is
the
average
miles
flown
by
air
patrol
from
these
bases?
24,000,000 21bases=1,142,857.1perbase
5.CoastalPatrol3flew1,546,500milesin17monthsofoperation. Whatwastheunitsaverage
mileageflownpermonth?
1,546,500 17=679,205.88milesflownpermonth
6.WhatweretheCAPplanesarmedwith?
Bombsand
depth
charges
7.Whatisabarracudabucket?
Abarracudabucketisahomemadeflotationdeviceandisagreencanvasbagattachedtoalarge
rubberinnertube. ThesebagsmayhavebeenaninventionoftheProhibitionErasrumrunners.
Strandedseamenusedthesebagstokeepsharksandbarracudasfromtakingabiteoutofthem.
Insomeinstances,theinnertubehadtobeinflatedwithahandpumponcethepilotorobserver
wasinthewater.
8.What
kind
of
airplane
did
artist
Zack
Mosley
use
for
Coastal
Patrol
3s
unit
insignia?
AStinsonVoyager
9.WhatdidthegovernmentawardtoCoastalPatrolmembersfortheirserviceduringWorld
WarII?
ThemilitarysAirMedal
21
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
22/37
WhywastheCivilAir
Patrolestablished?Background:
Inthelate1930s,Europepreparedforand
wenttowar.Atthesametime,Americancivilian
aviatorsbegan
taking
acritical look
at
United
Statesairpower. Someaviationenthusiasts
thoughtthemilitarysairforceswereunprepared
andillequippedtodefendtheextensive
coastlineoftheUnitedStatesshouldwarcometo
America. Civilianpilotscametogetheratlocal
airportstodiscussthesituation.Theywantedto
bepreparedtouse theirairplanesincaseofa
nationalemergency.
Aviationadvocate GillRobbWilson,NewYork
HeraldTribune aviationeditor,Directorof
Aviation
for
New
Jersey,
and
president
of
the
NationalAeronauticsAssociation,foresaw
aviationsroleinwar. Wilsonbelievedingeneral
aviationspotentialtosupplementAmericas
military. HeconvincedFiorelloLaGuardia,head
oftheNationalOfficeofCivilDefense,ofthe
needforanationalcivilairpatroltoassistthe
militaryiftheU.S.enteredWorldWarII.
Inlate1941,Wilsonandateamofaviation
enthusiastspresentedtheplantoLaGuardia,
whothensentittoGeneralHenryH.Hap
Arnold,commanderoftheArmyAirCorps.
Arnoldliked
the
idea
and
appointed
aboard
of
armyaircorpsofficerstoreviewtheplan.Aftera
thoroughexamination,theboardendorsedthe
plan. Perhapsfromthebeginning,Arnoldfore
sawthevaluablecontributionstheCAPcould
maketowardsthedefenseofthecountryandthe
assistanceitcouldoffertothemilitary.
OnDecember1,1941,justsixshortdaysbefo
theJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor,LaGuard
signedAdministrativeOrderNo.9establishin
theCivilAirPatrol. TheCAPwouldbolsterthe
nationscoastaldefensesandperformawide
rangeofdutiesincludingsearchingforenemy
submarines,border
patrols,
and
rescue
missio
WiththeestablishmentoftheCAP,civilianpi
couldputtheiraviationskillsandprivate,ligh
aircrafttouseforcivildefenseefforts. The
opportunitytousetheabout100,000civilian
fliersandtheir23,000privateairplanesfor
nationaldefensewasanadvantageforbotht
civilianpilotsandthemilitary. Theuseofcivi
planeswouldallowmilitaryaircrafttoperform
moreimmediatemissions. Formanycivilian
pilots,thiswastheonlywaytheycouldfly
becausethegovernmentgroundedallcivilian
flightsexcept
commercial
airlines
after
the
at
onPearlHarbor.
Discussion:
Whywasanationalcivilairpatrolneeded?
Howcouldithelpthemilitaryintimeofw
Activity:
GoonlineandresearchtheCivilAirPatrol.
LookforGillRobbWilsonwhileresearchingth
CAP.
Writeapage
about
the
founding
the
the
C
andGillRobbWilsonsparticipationintheCA
Answerthisquestionafterresearchingth
CAP.
Doyouthinkitwasnecessarytoestablishthe
CivilAirPatrol?
FiorelloLaGuardiawastheheadofthe
NationalOfficeofCivilDefense. Researchwh
hewasthenwriteareportabouthim.
Gill Robb Wilson. Courtesy CAP
Historical Foundation.
22
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
23/37
WhatwasOperation
Drumbeat?
ackground:
OnSundaymorning,7December1941,the
apaneseattackedPearlHarbor,Hawaii,
hrustingtheU.S.intowar. Notuntilthat
veningdidtheGermanslearnofthesneak
ttack
on
the
American
naval
base.
German
fficialsknewnothingoftheJapaneseplanto
ttackU.S.territory. HadtheGermansknown
whatwasgoingtohappen,theymayhavebeen
bletoparticipatebyunleashingasurpriseattack
ntheAmericaneastcoast.
BecauseoftheJapaneseattack,theU.S.
eclaredwaronJapanon8December1942.The
ermanygovernmentinturndeclaredwaron
heU.S.threedayslater. HitlerthenorderedU
oatstoattackshippingontheU.S.eastcoast.
stheNewYearbegan,theGermanslaunched
perationPaukenschlag (drumbeat)
in
January
942againstthevulnerableU.S.eastcoast,and
henlaterattackingshipsintheCaribbeanand
ulfofMexico.
TheoperationincludedawaveofseveralU
oatsmakingafaststrikeagainstalliedshipping
longtheU.S.easternseaboard. Thefirstvictim
wastheBritishfreighterSSCyclops torpedoedby
123whichwascommandedby
apitanleutnantReinhardHardegenon12
anuary1942offCapeCod,Massachusetts.
IntheearlymonthsofOperation
Paukenschlag,Uboatcommandersfoundno
effectiveantisubmarinemeasuresalongtheeast
coastduringthefirstmonthsoftheUboat
campaign. GermanUboatmen,whocrossedthe
AtlantictoattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S.
eastcoast,referredtothisperiodasthehappy
times.
InJanuary1942,adozentankersand
freightersweresunkordamagedbyUboats
alongtheeastcoast.Withintwomonthsthe
numberincreased
to
forty
two
sunk
or
damaged
ships. ByJune1942,ninetysevenshipsand
approximately5,000peoplehadbeenlosttoU
boatattacks. AfterApril,theU.S.militarywas
finallyabletolauncheffectivecountermeasures
tocombatUboatattacks. Thesemeasures
eventuallystoppedUboatattacksby1943. Part
ofthecountermeasuresincludedtheuseofthe
CivilAirPatrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrols
fromtheendofFebruary1942toAugust1943.
Discussion: WhatcausedtheU.S.toformallyenterWorld
WarII?
WhatwasOperationPaukenschlag?
Activities:
ResearchOperationPaukenschlag. Writea
pagediscussingtheoperationandits
effectivenessorineffectiveness. Visit:
http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htm formore
informationaboutOperationPaukenschlag.
23
http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htmhttp://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htm8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
24/37
WhywasCoastalPatrol
Base3established?
Background:
AdmiralErnest
King,
Commander
in
Chief,
U.S.
Fleet,didnotparticularlyliketheideaofusing
civilaviatorstocarryoutantisubmarinepatrols.
Otherseniornavalcommanderswhowere
againsttheuseofciviliansinmilitaryoperations
againstUboatswerethenavysassistantchiefof
staffRearAdmiralDonaldDuncanwhothought
theideawaspromotedbythebuilder[s]of
pleasureaircraft,andRearAdmiralRichard
Edwards,deputychiefofstaffforoperations,
whosawnopurposeexcepttogivemerchant
shipstheillusionthatadequateairpatrols[were]
beingmaintained.Ontheotherhand,theproposalreceivednoobjectionsfromMajor
GeneralCarlTooeySpaatz,ArmyAirForce.
ThearmyagreedtoletCAPconductanti
submarinepatrolsbeginningon8March1942. In
amemorandumaddressedtoBrigadierGeneral
DonaldH.Connelly,MilitaryDirectorofCivilian
Aviation,DepartmentofCommerce,byGeneral
H.H.HapArnold,on16March11942,statedit
isdesiredthatyoutakethenecessarystepsat
oncetoorganizethecivilianpuddlejumperpilots
intosquadrons
for
coastal
defense
patrol
work.
WithArmyAirForceapproval,threebases
wereauthorizedtooperateforathreemonth
trialperiodtoevaluateCAPperformance. The
experimentalbaseswereorganizedatAtlantic
City,NewJersey,commandedbyWynantFarr;
Rehoboth,Delaware,commandedbyBillSharp
(bothestablishedon28February1942);and
WestPalmBeach,Florida,on30March1942.
AfactorintheselectionofWestPalmBeach
oneoftheexperimentalbasesmaybebecau
PalmBeachCountyisclosertotheGulfStrea
thananywhereelseontheeastcoast. This
shippinglanewouldbeaprimetargetforen
submarineattacks.TheCoastalPatrolBase3
latermovedfromMorrisonFieldtoLantana
becauseofincreasedactivitiesoftheArmyA
Corps.
Thefirstthreebasesprovedsuchasucces
that
eighteen
additional
bases
quickly
organalongtheeasternseaboardandGulfcoast
stretchingfromMainetoTexas. Altogether,
baseswerelocatedinFlorida:Lantana(CP3
FlaglerBeach(CP5),Miami(CP7),Sarasota
13),andPanamaCity(CP14).
BytheendofJanuary1942,theGerman
submarinessankatleastthirtyfiveships(ov
200,000tons)inNorthAmericanwaters. In
February411,000tonsofshippingwaslostt
boatsand466,000tonsinMarch. ButinApr
1942alliedshippinglossesdroppedto394,0
tonslost.
U
boats
would
sink
or
damage
397
vesselsandkillapproximately5,000peoplei
attacksalongtheU.S.eastcoast,GulfofMex
andtheWesternCaribbean. AfterApril,the
militarywasfinallyabletolauncheffective
countermeasurestocombatUboatattacks
wouldeventuallystopattacksby1943. Part
thecountermeasureswastheuseoftheCiv
Patrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrolsfro
thelastdayofFebruary1942toAugust1943
March1942thePetroleumIndustryWarCou
reportedthatifthelossrateofshipstoUbo
attacksinJanuary,February,andthebeginn
Marchcontinuestotheendoftheyear,125
the320tankerswouldbelostwithapproxim
3,000lives. Basedontheirprojectionsthe
Industryrecommendedtothegovernmentt
tankersbearmedfortheirownprotection.
Additionally,theysuggestedthattheCivilAi
PatrolbereassignedtotheArmyAirCorpsa
toincreasetheuseoftheCAP.
24
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
25/37
CP3launcheditsfirstpatrolsafewdaysafter
itwasestablished. Theyflewfromsunupto
sundownfromPalmBeachtoCapeCanaveral,a
distanceofabout120milesoneway. FromApril
1942August1943,patrolsfromCP3spotted
damagedandburningships,directedthemilitary
tosurvivorsandmade14attacksonsuspectedU
boatsdropping21bombs. In17monthstheir
aircraftflewover1.5millionmiles.
Atleast90menandwomenservedwith
CoastalPatrol
3.
They
came
from
all
walks
of
life,
fromthewealthyandwellknowntothenotso
wealthy. Evenfamilymembersjoinedtogether
andservedintheunit. Thereweretwocousins,
ahusbandandwife,andsetsofbrothers. Itdid
notmatterifyouhadmoneyornot,theyall
volunteeredtokeeptheUnitesStatessafefrom
theenemy.
Discussion:
WhydidtheCAPestablishcoastalpatrol
bases? Whatwastheirmission?
Answer:
IfairpatrolsfromCoastalPatrol3flewsix
missionsadayfromPalmBeachtoCape
Canaveral,aonewaydistanceofabout120
miles,howmanymileswereflownaday?
DidtheU.S.Navyliketheideaofusingthe
CivilAirPatrolforcoastalpatrolduties?
25
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
26/37
StinsonVoyager
vs.
U
boat
Background:
TheStinsonVoyagerwastheworkhorseof
CoastalPatrolBase3. Mostoftheunits
pilotsownedthistypeofairplane. Soitsaw
alotofantisubmarinepatroltimebetween
PalmBeachandCapeCanaveral.Thesmall
civilianairplanewasusedtoseekout
GermanU
boats
attacking
allied
shipping
alongFloridaseastcoast.
Coastalpatrolaircrews,apilotand
observer,flewStinsonsupto60milesout
overtheoceansearchingforUboats.The
planeswereflownfromMorrisonFieldin
WestPalmBeach,laterfromLantanaAirport,
toCapeCanaveralandback. Adistanceof
about120milesoneway. Theroundtrip
flight tookaboutfourhourstocomplete.
Believeitornot,GermanUboat
commanderswere
afraid
of
what
they
called
littleyellowbees. Theplanesweresmall,
hardtosee,andtheenemydidnotknowif
theaircraftwerearmed. Aviatorshadother
affectionatenamesforthelittleStinson
Voyagerssuchaspuddlejumpers,
grasshoppers,aerialeggbeaters,andflying
jeeps.
Uboats,ontheotherhand,hadtotravel
about3,000nauticalmilesfromtheirhome
base
in
France
to
reach
the
U.S.
east
coast.
Theenemysubmarinewasaformidablefoe.
Itcouldoperatebothonthesurfaceand
underwaterattackingships withoutwarning.
Uboatswereheavilyarmedwithdeckguns
andtorpedoes. TheStinsonVoyagerswere
not. At firsttheairplaneswereunarmedand
thenlatertheStinsonscarriedahundred
poundbomb.
Whatwas
it
like
for
Coastal
Patrol
Base
3
aircrewsandUboatsailors?
CoastalPatrolBase3aircrewsflewant
submarinepatrolsfromsunuptosundow
sevendaysaweekfromApril194231Aug
1943. Patrolsconsistedoftwoairplanesa
thefirstflightofthedayleftatsunrise. Th
meantthatcrewsreportedfordutybyabo
4:30am. Theyreceivedtheirbriefingand
preparedfortakeoff. Oncetheplanewas
airbornethey
would
head
north
towards
CapeCanaveral. Thecrewwouldflysearc
patternsovertheoceanlookingforUboa
burningships,andsurvivors. Whenthey
reachedCapeCanaveral,theyturnedarou
andheadedbacktobase.
Thelastflightofthatdaywouldflyalon
thebeach. Thepilotsandobserverslooke
athowthebeachlooked. Theyspentthe
nightatBananaRiverNavalAirStation(no
PatrickAir
Force
Base).
The
next
morning,
thecrewtookoffatdaylightandwouldlo
atthebeachsearchingforsignsofanyone
comingashore.
Theequipmentaircrewsworeandcarr
included:uniforms,flareguns,knives,life
vests,barracudabuckets,inflatableliferaf
water,andotheritemstheymayneed.
UnlikeUboatsailors,themenandwom
S
tinsonVoyagervs.
U
boat
26
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
27/37
ofCoastalPatrol3wereabletoreturnhome
attheendoftheday. Theyenjoyedfresh
foodeverymeal. Sometimesaircrews
experiencedengine
problems
while
in
flight
forcingthemtolandatthenearestairportor
beach. Twicepilotshadtocrashlandinthe
ocean.
Othertimes,pilotsandobserversspotted
burningshipsandsurvivorsofUboatattacks.
MembersofCoastalPatrol3made14attacks
onUboatsdropping21livebombs.
LifeonaUboat
LivingaboardaUboatduringawarpatrol
wasalotworstthanonasurfaceship.DependingonthemissionoftheUboat,a
patrolcouldlastfromthreeweekstosix
months. Thingswetakeforgrantedlike
privacy,goodfood,freshwater,andbathing
werenotencounteredonaUboat.
Inmanycases,Uboatcrewswereonly
allowedtheclothestheyworeandone
changeofunderwearandsocks. Ifyouwere
acrewmember,youcouldnotbath,except
withsaltwater,
or
shave.
To
control
body
odor,theydidhave adeodorant.
TherewasnoprivacyonboardaUboat.
Quarterswerecrampedwithsleepingbunks
iningthewalkwaythatranthelengthofthe
submarine. Thecaptaindidhaveasmall
cabinwithacurtainasadoor. Itwaslocated
nexttothecontrolroomandradioroom. Six
bunkswerelocatedinthetorpedoroom.The
crewworked24hoursadaydividedover
severalshifts,eighthoursofduty,eighthours
S
tinsonVoyagervs.
Uboat
ofotherdutiesasneeded,andeighthoursof
sleep.
Freshwaterwaslimitedandrationed.
Foodsupplies
were
stuffed
in
every
little
nookandcranny.Foodwasevenstoredin
oneoftheUboatstwobathrooms. This
meantonlyonebathroomwasusedfor40
50menuntilthefoodstoredintheotherwas
consumed.Freshfoodwaseatenfirstorit
spoiledinthedampenvironmentoftheU
boat.Iffreshbreadwasnoteatensoon,a
whitefungiwouldgrowonthebreadthat
lookedlikewhitefuzz. Uboatmencalled
thisrabbits.
AtypicalUboatfoodsupplyincluded:
494lbs.fresh&cookedmeats
480lbs.preserved/tinnedmeats
3,858lbs.potatoes
3,428lbs.vegetables
2,058lbs.preservedbreads
595lbs.fresheggs
2,365lbs.fruits
611lbs.soupingredients
309lbs.fresh/preservedcheese
441lbs.fruitjuice
205
lbs.
other
drinks132lbs.salt
238lbssausages
334lbspreservedfish
397lbsdriedpotatoes
1,226lbsbreaddough
464lbsrice&noodles
917lbsfreshlemons
551lbsButter/margarine
408lbs.marmalade/honey
1,728lbsmilkpowder
154lbscoffee
441lbssugar
108lbs
chocolates
27
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
28/37
TheGermanUboats
TheGermanNavyusedthreetypesofU
boatsduringOperationPaukenschlag:Typ
VIIC,IXB,andIXC.
ThetechnicalinformationfortheTypeVII
providedbelow.
Type
VIICFirstlaunched1940
Oceangoingsubmarine
Crew:4456officersandmen
Displacement:769tons(surface)
Overalllength:66.5meters
Speed:17knotssurface
7knotssubmerged
Max.speed:17knots/3,250miles
Cruising:10knots/8,500miles
Max.divingdepth:250meters
Dieselengines:
2/HP
2,800
3,200
Electricmotors:2/HP750
Torpedotubes:
Bow4
Stern:1(somehadtwotubes)
Armament:
14torpedoesor2639mines
188mmdeckgunwith220250
rounds
1antiaircraftgun,20mmwith
4,380rounds
S
tinsonVoyagervs.
U
boat
So,wouldyouliketobeaUboatsailor?
Research:
Dividetheclassintotwogroups.Haveone
researchwhatitwaslikeoncoastalpatrol
dutysearchingforUboatsandhavethe
othergroupresearchwhatitwasliketobe
onaGermanUboat.
Thendiscussinclasswhateachgroupfound.
Activities
Compareandcontrastthedifferencesofa
pilotorobserverflyingcoastalpatrolsanda
sailoronaUboat.
WriteajournalentryasaCoastalPatrolpilot
orobserveronantisubmarineduty.
WriteajournalentryasasailoronaGerman
UboatonawarpatrolalongFloridaseast
coast.
Makeyourownpaperairplaneanddecorate
itlikeaStinsonVoyagerusedforCoastal
Patrolduty. Designyourownorusedoneof
thetemplatesprovided.
TheStinsonVoyager
TheWorkHorseofCoastalPatrol3
MaximumSpeedatSeaLevel 115milesperhour
LandingRoll 150feet
TakeoffRunatSeaLevel 550feet
RateofClimb 600feetperminute
ServiceCeiling 13,000feet
Engine 90horsepower
WingSpan 34feet
Length 21feet8inches
Height 6feet6inches
GrossWeight 1,625pounds
Above:TheGalleyofaUboatwherefood
wasprepared.
Left:Bunksforsleepinginthetorpedoroom.
28
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
29/37
WhatisaBarracuda
Bucket?
Background:
Since
coastal
patrols
operated
over
the
ocean,theplaneswereequippedwith
survivalgearincasetheyhadtocrashlandin
water. Aflotationdevicecalledabarracuda
bagorbucketwasagreencanvasbag
attachedtoalargeinnertube. Thesebags
mayhavebeenaninventionofthe
ProhibitionErasrumrunners. Stranded
seamenusedthesebagstokeepsharksand
barracudasfromtakingabiteoutofthem. In
someinstances,theinnertubehadtobe
nflatedwith
ahand
pump
once
the
pilot
or
observerwasinthewater. Tryingtoinflate
aninnertubewithabagattachedand
keepingonesselfafloatisadifficulttask.
Thebarracudabagwasabulkyitemtotryto
quicklyremovefromasinkingairplaneif
downedintheocean.Accordingtoanold
CAPjournal,ThorneDonnelly,
communicationofficerforCP3,andlaterthe
MiamibasedCoastalPatrol7,adaptedthe
barracudabagforusebytheCAPinFlorida.
Thebagincludedwater,chocolatebar,mirror,flashlight,firstaidmaterial,fishing
ine,similaritems. Itwassometimescalled
thefoxholeofthesea.Lateron,the
governmentsuppliedCAPunitswithMae
Westlifejacketsandinflatableliferaftsto
replacethebarracudabuckets.
Discussion:
Whydo
you
think
the
CAP
used
this
makeshiftsurvivalflotationdevice?
Activity:
Writeaparagraphlandingontheocean
whileonaantisubmarine patrol. Discuss
abouthavingtousethebarracudabucket.
Makeadrawingofwhatyouthinka
barracudabucketlookedlike.
29
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
30/37
WhatisDistinctive
UnitInsignia?
Background:
Forcenturies,militaryunitshavedisplayedor
wornspecialidentificationorinsigniaontheir
standards,uniforms,
shields,
horses,
and
machines.Eachunithadtheirownsymbol.
Thesesymbolsoftenenhancedtroopmoral.
InWorldWarIIsymbolswerepaintedon
aircraftandothermilitaryvehicles. Theart
paintedthenoseorfuselageofanairplanecame
tobeknownasnoseart. TheArmyandNavy
requestedunitinsigniafromWaltDisney. Tofill
theseorders,Disneyassembledasmallteamto
designnoseart. Theteamsdesignsincluded
DisneycharacterssuchasDonaldDuck,Pluto,
andMickeyMouse.Otherartistscopiedor
createdtheirownnoseartfortheiraircraft.
TheCivilAirPatrolwasnodifferentthanthe
military. EachCAPunitcameupwiththeirown
design. ThecreatoroftheSmilinJackcomic
strip,ZackMosley,createdtheunitinsigniaof
Coastalpatrol3.Mosleysdesignishumorousyet
serious. HisdepictionoftheStinsonVoyager
showsitwiththelargeworriedeyesofapuppy
tryingveryhardtostayintheairoverwaterwith
ahugebomb.TheStinsonpupissweatingand
belowthepantingplaneaUboatperiscope
throwingout
question
marks.
Pilots
and
observerswhoflewStinsonVoyagerscouldrelate
totheinsigniacreatedbyMosleyforCP3. With
onlya90hpengine,theaircraftwas
overburdenedandhadtostraintogetintothe
airwithtwomen,equipment,anda100pound
bomb. Mosleyalsodesignedinsigniaforother
CAPandmilitaryunitssuchasCoastalPatrolBase
17andtheMiamiCadetSquadron.
OtherCAPunitsusedDonaldDuck,Pluto,or
otherfiguresfortheirunitinsignia.Onmany
CoastalPatrolinsignia,theartistsincludeda
character,bombs,andUboats. Thesewere
shownbecausetheirmissionwasantisubm
patrols.
Research
GoonlineandresearchWorldWarIIunit
insigniacreated
by
Walt
Disney
for
the
milita
andCAPunitinsignia.Youcanstartatthese
sites:
www.skylighters.org/disney.
www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/
ey_art.htm
www.usaafnoseart.co.uk/themedisney.htm
www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/fac
t.asp?id=7883
www.army.mil/news/2009/04/19/19340w
disneygoestowar/
www.incountry.us/cappatches/MN/mnwg.h
Answer
Whydoyouthinknoseartwasimportan
militaryandCivilAirPatrolunits?
Activity
Dividetheclassintogroups. Haveeach
groupselectamission(coastalpatrol,bomb
fighter,PTboats,etc). Haveeachgroupdes
theirownunitinsignia.
CoastalPatrolBase17
Distinctive
Unit
Insignia
30
http://www.skylighters.org/disneyhttp://www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disney_art.htmhttp://www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disney_art.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7883http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7883http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.incountry.us/cappatches/MN/mnwg.htmlhttp://www.incountry.us/cappatches/MN/mnwg.htmlhttp://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7883http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7883http://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disney_art.htmhttp://www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disney_art.htmhttp://www.skylighters.org/disney8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
31/37
Distinctive
Unit
Insignia
CoastalPatrolBase14
CoastalPatrolBase12CoastalPatrolBase5
CourtesyCAP,SoutheastRegion
CoastalPatrolBase4
MiamiCadetSquadron
CoastalPatrolBase20
CoastalPatrolBase10
CoastalPatrol
Base
15
CoastalPatrolUnitDesigns
CoastalPatrolBase7CourtesyCAP,SoutheastRegion
31
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
32/37
CoastalPatrolBase15
WaltDisneyDesigns
Distinctive
Unit
Insignia
32
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
33/37
Map
ofU
boat
Attacks
1945NavalMapofUboatAttacks
MapExercise:
Lookattheattachedmappublishedin1945bytheU.S.Navy. ItshowsallUboat
attackscarriedoutalongFloridaseastcoast,theGulfofMexico,andpartsofthe
westernCaribbean.
Answerthefollowingquestions:
Howmanyshipsweresunkordamagedin1942?1943?
How
many
ships
were
sunk
off
Floridas
east
coast?
ResearchwhatstreamislocatedbetweenFloridaandtheBahamasIslands.
WhydoyouthinksomanyshipweresunkoffFlorida?(refertotheprevious
question)
LookatwhereNewOrleansislocated. Whydoyouthinktherewassuchahigh
numberofshipsattackedoffNewOrleans? (ResearchwhatwasintheNew
Orleansareain1942tohelpanswerthisquestion.)
33
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
34/37
34
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
35/37
WhoWasZackMosley?
Background:
CartoonistZack
Mosley,
an
avid
aviator
from
Stuart,Florida,createdthesyndicatedSmilin
ackcartoonstripin1933. Itwasaboutthe
dventuresofanaviatorandwasbasedon
peopleMosleyknew. Hiscomicstripfirst
ppearedunderthetitleofOntheWing,
howeverafewmonthslatertheChicagoTribune
hangedthetitletoSmilinJack. DuringWorld
WarII,Mosleydrewuponhisexperiencesand
hemenheworkedwithintheCAP. Heused
VermilyaastheprototypeforthecharacterLong
DistanceIke.
Wesley
Jackson,
aformer
journalist
andapilotwhoranaflightschool,wasanother
ofZacksinspirationsforacartooncharacter,
DownWindJackson. Thecomicstripranuntil
1973whenMosleyretired. WhenCP3movedto
Lantana,Mosleymovedhisartstudiointoa
ornerofthehangertocontinuedrawinghis
omicstrip. DuringhisservicewiththeCAP,
Mosleyflew300hoursofantisubmarine
missionsearningtheU.S.militarysAirMedal. He
wascommanderoftheFloridaCAPwingfrom
19441946,aCAPpublicaffairsofficer,servedon
heCAP
executive
board,
and
held
the
rank
of
olonel. Threeyearsafterretiring,Mosleywas
nductedintotheU.S.AirForcesHallofFameon
September18,1976. Hewastheauthorof
everalbooksincludinghisautobiography,Brave
CowardZack. Mosleyscartoonstripappearedin
over300newspapersacrossthecountry. The
worldfamouscartoonistwasbornin1906in
Hickory,Oklahoma,anddiedinStuart,Florida,in
1993.Hewastheoldestofthefoursonsandone
daughterofZackT.MosleyandhiswifeIrah.
Research:
Startwiththesewebsites. Havestudents
researchZackMosley. Visitthesewebsitesto
learnmoreaboutMosley.
www.smilinjack.com/zack.htm
www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mosley_z.htm
www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htm
www.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunte
er_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdf
Write:
AfterresearchingZackMosley,havestudents
writeapageaboutMosleyandhiscontributions
totheCivilAirPatrolandcomicstrips.
Activities:
Readtheattached1943posterMosleydid
abouttheCivilAirPatrol. Dividestudentsinto
groupsandhavethemdrawtheirownposter
abouttheCivilAirPatrol.
35
http://www.smilinjack.com/zack.htmhttp://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mosley_z.htmhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mosley_z.htmhttp://www.smilinjack.com/zack.htm8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
36/37
36
8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide
37/37