Indigenous Peoples Plan Monitoring Report Project No. 45084-002 Semiannual Report June 2018 Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project Prepared by Local Government Engineering Department for the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
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Indigenous Peoples Plan Monitoring Report Project No. 45084-002 Semiannual Report June 2018
Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Prepared by Local Government Engineering Department for the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Annexure 01: Status of sub-projects being implemented under CCRIP ............................... 14
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Indigenous Peoples Impact (IPI)
Categorization Report under CCRIP, LGED.
1 Introduction
1. In line with the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenious Peoples,
September 2007, Asian Development Bank (ADB) recognizes the rights of Indigenous people
to direct the course of their own development and assist them in the way of improving their
livelihoods and own development. In general, Indigenous people are being suffered and
threatened due to their exiting social stratification that violate into areas they traditionally own,
occupy, use or view as ancestral domain. Therefore, special efforts are required to engage
Indigenous People in the planning process of development programs that affect them for
fulfilling their specific needs and aspiration.
2. ADB categorically outlines in the Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) that a proposed
project is assigned to one of the following categories depending on the significance of the
potential impacts on Indigenous Peoples:
(i) Category A. A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have
significant impacts on Indigenous Peoples. An Indigenous Peoples plan (IPP),
including assessment of social impacts, is required.
(ii) (ii) Category B. A proposed project is classified as category B if it is likely to have
limited impacts on Indigenous Peoples. An IPP, including assessment of social
impacts, is required.
(iii) (iii) Category C. A proposed project is classified as category C if it is not expected to
have impacts on Indigenous Peoples. No further action is required.
3. A project’s Indigenous peoples’ category is determined by the category of its most sensitive component in terms of impacts on them. The significance of impacts of an ADB
supported project on Indigenous Peoples is determined by assessing (i) the magnitude of
impact in terms of (a) customary rights of use and access to land and natural resources; (b)
socioeconomic status; (c) cultural and communal integrity; (d) health, education, livelihood,
and social security status; and (e) the recognition of indigenous knowledge; and (ii) the level
of vulnerability of the affected Indigenous Peoples community. The level of details and
comprehensiveness of the IPP are commensurate with the significance of potential impacts
on Indigenous Peoples.
4. In line with the ADB Social Safeguard Policy 2009, a Land Acquisition and
Resettlement Framework (LARF) has already been prepared for Coastal Climate Resilient
Infrastructure Project (CCRIP) in which social safeguard policy issues of ADB are outlined.
Similarly, dealing with the Safeguard Policy, Local Government Engineering Department
(LGED) conducts meaningful consultation with the civil society, Local Govt. Displace Persons,
especially covering the Indigenous Peoples, poor, vulnerable, the landless, the elderly, female
headed households, women and children and those without legal title to land for each and
every subproject identified as having involuntary resettlement impacts. Therefore, it is evident
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that LGED is aware of safeguard issues dealing with the Indigenous Peoples in Bangladesh
to implement the sub-projects under CCRIP. The project pays particular attention to the needs
of vulnerable groups, especially those below the poverty line, Indigenous People, landless,
the elderly, women and children.
2 Background of Coastal Climate Resilient Infrastructure Project
5. Coastal Climate Resilient Infrastructure Project (CCRIP) financed by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), Kreditanstaltfür Wiederaufbau (KfW) and International Fund for
Agriculture Development (IFAD) under Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)
formally started in January 2013 to increase rural incomes and reduce rural poverty through
sustainable economic growth, rural development, social & gender development, and improve
infrastructure in the project area to be completed by June 2019. This project will promote
overall development of the transportation system by constructing, improving and rehabilitating
Upazila & Union roads and road structures (brides/culverts), development of growth centers,
and Cyclone Shelters.
6. The key components of the projects are: (a) Improved Road Connectivity; (b) Improved
Market Services and (c) Enhanced climate change adaptation capacity.
7. CCRIP is specially designed for the development of climate resilient infrastructures
including roads, bridges and culverts, cyclone shelters and killas, ghats and markets. The
project is contributing significantly in employment creation and poverty alleviation especially
for Landless Contracting Society (LCS) members. CCRIP has made substantial progress
towards achieving its targets. All the activities of the project are expected to be completed
within the stipulated timeframe.
3 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) on Indigenous Peoples
8. The objectives of ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 with regard to
Involuntary Resettlement (IR) are: (i) to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible; (ii)
to minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; to enhance,
or at least restore, the livelihoods of all displaced persons in real terms relating to pre-project
levels; and (iii) to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable
groups. ADB's SPS covers physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss
of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income
sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii)
involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected
areas. It covers them whether such losses and involuntary restrictions are full or partial,
permanent or temporary.
9. It is outlined in the DPP of CCRIP that implementation of ADB's Social Safeguard
Policies is recommended to minimize the 35 detrimental effects of development on the
affected people and small ethnic minority communities in which it points out the ADB'S
Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS,2009) and the government's Acquisition and Requisition of
immovable Property Ordinance 1982. It is also outlined that no physical and economic
displacement will take place in connection with the sub-project until compensation and other
entitlements have been provided including comprehensive income and livelihood restoration
programme has been established for the affected people prior to commencement of civil
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works. A resettlement framework (RF) has been prepared for the implementation if the project
which outlines the due diligence methodology for transparent implementation of negotiated
settlement and the triggers for preparation of a resettlement plan, as well as on implementing
responsibility. ADB and LGED will make the resettlement framework publicly available. The
Resettlement Framework of CCRIP outlines the Entitlement of the Indigenous People by
mentioning that if there are any indigenous people (IPs) are found to be affected under any
subproject area then special attention would be given to IP women to address their adverse
impacts. According to both the RP and the Indigenous People’s Planning Framework (IPPF), the IP women issues are to be addressed adequately to ensure that they are not deprived of
development fruits in any way. Moreover, as per the needs assessment through conducting
of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with IP women, necessary measures are to be taken both
for mitigation of negative impacts and further steps to enhance their income and livelihood.
Therefore, implementing NGO-CCDB is responsible for screening all subprojects in
accordance with the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARF) for CCRIP to
identify where Resettlement Plans (RPs) and Indigenous Peoples Plans (IPPs) are required
to be undertaken.
4 Indigenous Peoples in Bangladesh
10. Bangladesh is by and large ethnically homogeneous, and its name derives from the
Bengali ethno-linguistic group. Bangladesh, about 98% of whom are ethnic Bengali and
speak Bangla, are called Bangladeshis. Urdu-speaking, non-Bengali Muslims of Indian origin,
and various tribal groups, mostly in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, comprise the remainder. The
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Sylhet, Mymensingh and North Bengal divisions are recognized where
diverse indigenous peoples have been living since long ages. There are many dialects of
Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet
are particularly distinctive. The population is estimated at 169 million (2015). About 87% of
Bangladeshis are Muslims, followed by Hindus (12%), Buddhists (1%) and Christians (0.5%).
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
11. It is estimated that more than 4000,000 ethnic households live in Bangladesh and
spread all over the country at about 11,000 villages or locations which are constituted of about
1.5% of total population of the country. Bangladesh Bureau of statistics (BBS) has already
determined different ethnic groups who are also Indigenous People (IP) group in which BBS
has also defined 30 IP groups in Bangladesh in 1991 census (Latest available relevant data).
These groups belong to different ethnic communities and generally they are identified as
representatives of different tribes and the Bangladesh Population Census identified them as
Tribal people. Distribution of different ethnic population within the Division is shown in following
Table-01.
Table-1: Indigenous People (IP) Accumulate in Bangladesh
Source: Formulated from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), 2001
5 Background of the settlement of the Indigenous People under CCRIP
12. Few sub-projects under CCRIP are located in the Kalapara of Patuakhali, Taltoli and
Amtoli Upazila of Barguna district where Tribal people are found. They are belonging to
Rakhain/Mag tribe settled in the area about 150 to 200 years ago who came from Myanmar.
They used to clean forests and turning those lands for habitable as well as took agriculture
and fishing as main occupation.
13. The Rakhain tribes identify themselves as distinct ethnic community in the society in
which the Bangalee community recognizes them. In the past, they had distinct settlements,
forest and fishing ground however gradually it has been declined. It is observed that now-a-
days, they are very much accommodated with the local community who can speak Bangla,
read Bangla and English in the schools. They have nearly similar and quite diversified
occupation, tend to lease out land that cultivating themselves, nearly 100% literate and have
involved them in entering into urban jobs/ services and business. Nevertheless, they maintain
a distinct cultural heritage who are still wearing clothes in the handlooms and have own
religious festivals. They also maintain own religious education based in the community
temples. According to Population Census 2001, a total of 526 tribal people belong to 117
households in the whole of Patuakhali district, 474 of them belong to 104 households live in
Kalapara Upazila. Highest concentration is found in Lota Chapli Union of Kaalapara Upazila
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where 422 people belong to 91 households. Total tribal population of Barguna district is found
667 those who belong to 156 households and 460 of them belong to 104 households who live
in Amtali Upazila. Highest concentration is found in Boro Bogi Union of Amtali Upazila where
450 tribal people belong to 101 households. Another area of concentration is Dautola Union
of Bamna Upazila where 183 tribal people belong to 83 households.
14. Local informants said that tribal population in Patuakhali and Barguna is being
decreased gradually as they are migrating to cities for better employment opportunities. Some
of them are migrating to Myanmar, the place of their ancestors. The reason is however
economic rather than cultural. It is observed that selling of land at high price in Bangladesh
and buying land at cheap rate in Myanmar. Migration of the Indigenous Peoples lives in
Patuakhali and Barguna is observed. They are interested in cultivating land as owner or
cultivator. Most of them have homestead land and are engaged in homestead gardening,
cattle poultry and goat rearing and aquaculture. Tribal women are very active to be involved
them in home based agriculture and cottage craft.
6 Description of Indigenous People in the sub-project area
15. Road and Markets sub-projects are being implemented in the 12 coastal districts under
CCRIP in the Barisal and Khulna Divisions. The socioeconomic studies conducted by the
CCDB reveals that indigenous people are found in the only three sub-projects areas under
Barisal Division in which a few percentage of indigenous people are living within the sub-
projects areas. However, the socioeconomic studies for different sub-projects ascertained that
no direct or indirect impact will be happened adversely on the livings of the respective
indigenous people due to the implementation of sub-projects. Following are sub-projects under
CCRIP where indigenous people are observed:
Table-2: Indigenous People Impact Categorization: Barisal Division
District Upazila Union Subproject Name
0% of Indigenous
Population in the subproject
area
Patuakhali Kalapara Naltona Dabluganj Bazar 5%
Barguna Taltoli Bibichini Kabirajpara Hat with
connecting Road
15%
Barisal Uzirpur Salta
Harta- Rajapur-
Saltamarket-
Chowmohani
5%
Household survey, CCDB, 2016
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7 Indigenous People Impact:
16. CCDB, implementing NGO, has been conducting study for the proposed sub-projects
in connection with the preparation of Due Diligence Report (DDR) for each sub-project. As of
June 2018, CCDB prepared 320 Due Diligence Reports and submitted to PMO, CCRIP.
Among the 320 DDRs, only three market sub-projects have been found in the Patuakhali and
Baruguna District under Barisal Division where Indigenous People are living. The study
reveals that people of the indigenous community have been living in and around the above
three sub-projects area. Among them, about 5% from Rakhine community in the Dublagonj
Bazar, 15% from Rakhine community in Kabirajpara Hat and 5% from Mog community are
found in Harta- Rajapur-Saltamarket-Chowmohani. The village level impact survey finding
shows that in any circumstances, virtually, these indigenous people are not adversely affected
due to the implementation of the sub-projects as Indigenous People Impact Plan is not
essentially required to be prepared in this connection. It is to be noted that these growth
center/markets were established on the government acquired land as additional private lands
are not required for the newly reconstruction. Even, no people are required to be resettled or
compensated due to the implementation of those sub-projects.
17. Positive impact: Similar to other local communities, indigenous people who are living
in the above areas will get benefits economically from those newly constructed market sub-
projects which are located nearly their residential area. They will get facilities for marketing in
terms of buying and selling commodities in which their social and economic mobilization will
be enhanced. The information is given on the three following sub-projects where indigenous
people are living:
7.1 Sub-project in the Indigenous People Impact (IPI) area: Dablugonj Bazar
18. Dablugonj Bazar is situated to the village of east Dablugonj of Dablugonj Union 20 km
away to the south from kalapara Upazila Headquarter. The amount of land belongs to
Dablugonj Bazar measuring 5 acre Govt. khas land under khas khatian.
19. Dablugonj Bazar was established in the year 1969 in taking initiative by some social
activists namely Shah Alam Shikder, Azizur Rahman (the then UP chairman), Hatem Talukder,
Anis Munshi and Abdul Halim Shikder. This village market of Dablugonj is opened every day
morning where necessary commodities are found available in the Hat. In addition to the
everyday morning bazar, the existing Hat sits on Wednesday in a week. In fact, it is renowned
for agro-based products and raw-materials. During the hat day (Marketing days), about 3,500
people from the adjacent villages gather in the market for selling and buying different goods
or agro-based products. There are no other institutions or offices around the bazar.
Upazila Maps : Kalapara Upazila
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Description of the Socio-economic Condition in general
20. The socio-economic conditions of the population of the Subproject areas are
comparatively better. People are generally dependent upon agriculture and their main
agricultural crop is paddy. Besides cash crops, maize, sunflower seed, water melon, nut,
vegetables are also available. People from different occupations depend on the incomes from
agriculture, business, catching of fishes, fish culture, daily labor and service. The farmers in
the subproject area cultivate the land with tractor, power tiller and plough. The women as
laborer, who are from the poorer section of the society, involve them in the agricultural land.
About 20% of the people of the subproject area belong to buffalos and about 50% people
involve in making dairy farm. A small percentage of people of the area reside in the capital
Dhaka city for earning by engaging themselves in masonry, pushcart, rickshaw-pulling, easy
bike and day-labor etc.
21. The majority of the dwelling households of the respective areas are belonging to tin-
shaded, tin-roofed with earthen floor. Moreover, about 3% semi-pucca buildings are also
observed and a few are katcha (thatched). The transportation system of the respective setting
is not good. Most of the Roads are Unpaved. The Union of the area is consisted of 6 ‘Dip’. Of the 6 ‘Dip’ one Dip or village are having electricity and the remaining have no electricity connectivity.
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22. Different classes of the people reside in the subproject area. Among the religious
communities, the Muslim constitutes of 95%, the Hindu is 2% and the Rakhine is found 3% in
all. Educational institutions are available in the area and the quality of education is found good.
The literacy rate is about 52% in general. The enrolment of students to classes is found
satisfactory which is being increased from the last few years.
23. The dwellers of the subproject area have been suffering for having safe drinking water
in which they have to share deep tube-well among the community for using safe drinking water.
About 70% of the inhabitants of the area use sanitary latrine whereas 25% people use non-
sanitary (Kuchha) latrine and about 5% use open latrine.
24. It is expected that with the implementation of the subproject, it will bring some changes
significantly in the overall socio-economic conditions of the community. They also pointed out
that on the implementation of the subproject, their quality of life would be fairly improved and
get protection of their life during the extreme climate disaster.
7.2 Sub-project in the Indigenous People Impact (IPI) area: Kabiraj Para Hat
25. Kabiraj Para Hat with Connecting Road Subproject is situated in the village Kabiraj
Para under Shonakata Union of Taltoli Upazila in the Barguna District. The Subproject is
located at 10 km far away from Taltoli Upazila towards the south. The Upazila is constituted
of 07 Unions, 39 Moujas/Mahallas and 97 Villages. The names of the Unions are Pancha
Koralia, Choto Bogi. Karoi baria, Sharik khali, Boro Bogi, Nishan baria and Sonakata. The
Upazila Head Quarters is situated at Taltoli Sadar.
26. The Kabiraj Para Hat with Connecting Road Subproject is established in the Govt.
Khas land during the British period measuring at 500 decimals under Govt. Khash Khatian.
This Bazaar has been established in 1977 after the independent of Bangladesh. No NGO,
Bank and Educational Institutes are found in and around the Bazaar however, a mosque is
locate inside the Bazaar. There are no deep tube-well and Latrine at the Bazaar. The Bazaar
is a usual having about 45-50 middle and small shops which are mainly tin shade with the
plinth pucca/ katcha/wood. The Bazaar stands on the bank of the Andar Malik River which is
connected with Paira Rivers and the origin of these rivers are the Bay of Bengal. The western
part of this bazaar connected with WAPDA Road. All necessary commodities are sold in the
Bazaar every day both in the morning and evening. A weekly Hat sits on every Saturday and
the Hat is renowned for selling and buying cows, buffaloes, goats, fishes, rice, wheat, maize,
grass pea, watermelons, Cucumbers, Khirai, Potatoes, Peanuts and Seeds of sunflower.
There is no Electricity at the Bazaar.
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Upazila Map: Taltali Upazila
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Description of the Socio-economic Condition in general
27. The socio-economic conditions of the population of the subproject area are not quite
satisfactory since there is only crop in the field. Maximum families have to live on agriculture
especially seeds of sunflower, farming, fishing and small trading but the opportunity for
employment is not found good enough in practice. Woman community does not like to
participate in any development activities in addition to their normal household works. About
80% people are found Muslim, 5% people are Sanaton/Hindusim and 15% people are
Rakhine/Buddhism. Rakahin/Budism People belong to tribal community and they are living in
this Village. The Literacy rate of this area is found about 36% in all. There are wood sawmills
and a Temple belong to Rakhine/Buddhist. The people of this location have been maintaining
conventional living as they are being deprived of the existing trend of modern facilities and
civilization.
➢ Majority people depend on agriculture and they cultivate their land with Tractor, and
Power Tiller. Moreover, about 25% families are involved in Livestock rearing.
➢ Some people of this village have different occupation such as Rickshaw puller, Mason,
Pushcart and labor etc.
➢ People in general suffer for lacking of safe drinking water. There is a deep Tube-well
but water is found with salt
➢ About 80% people are using sanitary toilet, 15% people use Katcha Latrine and 5% use
open place for defecation.
28. Type of Housing Structure: The average households of the areas are found mainly tin
shaded (60%) and katcha houses (32%) and semi pucca (08%) houses are also found in some
cases. In the area about 1.2% general households live in pucca house, 4.0% in semi-pucca
house, 87.4% in kutcha house and the remaining 7.4% live in jhupri.
29. Source of Drinking Water: About 96.9% general households get the facility of drinking
water from tube-well, 1.2% from tap and the remaining 1.9% household get water from other
sources.
30. Sanitation: About 66.9% general households use sanitary latrine, 28.7% non-sanitary
latrine and the remaining 4.4% have no toilet facility. Source: Population & Housing Census,
BBS, 2011.
31. Generally, communication system of this location is not easy accessible in
compression with other adjacent areas. The majority roads are found katcha/mud therefore
motorized transportations are not easily access to this location. Traditional rickshaws are used
for moving in and around and in addition, motor-bikes are also available although it is costly
for the movement of poorer even for middle class of the locality.
7.3 Sub-project in the Indigenous People Impact (IPI) area: Harta- Rajapur-
Saltamarket-Chowmohani
32. Harta- Rajapur-Saltamarket-Chowmohani is situated to the village of Rajapur of salta
Union approximately 30 km away towards the north- west corner from the Upazilla
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Headquarter and under Uzirpur Upazilla of Barisal district. Wazirpur Upazila consists of one
Municipality, 09 Unions/Wards, 118 Mauzas/Mahallas and 123 villages. The names of the
Unions are i) Otra, ii) Guthia, iii) Jalla, iv) Bamrail, v) Bara Kotha, vi) Sikarpur, vii) Sholak, viii)
Satla and ix) Harta. The Upazila Headquarters is situated in Wazirpur. The Upazila Town area
6.48 sq. km consists of 4 Mouza and the population of Town is 10483 and Density of
Population is 1618.
33. Harta- Rajapur-Saltamarket-Chowmohani is situated about 30 km away towards the
north-west corner from Upazila Headquarter. The anticipated Subproject is located at 315 km
towards the south corner from Dhaka Metropolitan City via Aricha Ghat and 225 km towards
the south via Mawa Ghat. The proposed Road to be developed on the Govt. acquired land.
Therefore, due to the implementation of the projected sub-projects, no land acquisition is
required or nay shops/ structures/ trees are needed to be resettled.
Upazila Map: Wazirpur Upazila
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Description of the Socio-economic Condition in general
34. The socio-economic conditions of the population of the Subproject area are
comparatively better. The households of the subproject area are mainly dependent on
agriculture. Apart from agriculture, people from different occupations reside in the area e. g
businessman, service holder, day-labor, blacksmith, potter, washer man barber, mason and
carpenter. A few people of this area reside in the capital who have engaged them in different
occupations mainly garments, rickshaw pulling, construction labor etc.
35. Among the total population living in the area are found 85% from Muslim, 10% from
Hindus and 5% from Mog community who are living in the subproject area. There are mosque,
temple, and Govt. and non-government primary school in the subproject area. Besides, the
health service centre, cyclone centre and cyclone shelter are located at the sub-project area.
The main crop of this area is paddy. Besides mug dal, cocoanut, betel nut, potato, green chili,
water melon and vegetables are also produced. The farmers of the subproject area cultivate
the land with tractor, power tiller, and plow. Some of the well of households of the area
engages in poultry and dairy farming.
36. The majority dwelling households of the respective area are made of wood with tin
roofed. Few households are tin shaded building and pucca building. The communication
system with the Upazila Headquarter is found good enough. The people transport their heavy
goods and commodities by road and river route. The subproject area is covered by electricity
connectivity. The atmosphere is favorable to the inhabitants of the subproject area.
37. Educational institutions are available at the sub-project area. And, the result of public
examination as well as quality of education is found good enough. The literacy rate is about
68% in all. The enrolment of students to classes is satisfactory increasing from the last few
years. The inhabitants are supplied with pure drinking water. They use a deep tube well
sharing with some houses. Sanitation system is also found better in compare with other
adjacent areas.
38. It is highly desired that with the implementation of the subproject, significant changes
will be observed in case of improving the socioeconomic condition of the people in general.
They also pointed out that living condition would be fairly improved in terms of socio-economic
and suffering from vulnerability during the natural disaster if the subprojects under CCRIP are
implemented.
8 Conclusion
39. In conclusion, it is confirmed by the socioeconomic households’ studies that no
indigenous people will be advisedly affected by the implementation of the sub-project under
CCRIP since any land acquisition or replacement of structures and trees are not required
during the implementation of the subprojects. Notwithstanding, no details information is found
in the Due Diligent Reports about the socio-economic conditions of indigenous community
living in and around the subprojects area. Therefore, CCDB is advised to make detail socio-
economic study further on the indigenous people living in the sub-projects area for any future
reference or making Indigenous People Planning (IPP) if it is required.
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Annexure 01: Status of sub-projects being implemented under CCRIP