Coastal and Marine Resources Management and Poverty ...

Coastal and Marine ResourcesManagement and Poverty Reduction

in Pakistan

Muhammad Tahir QureshiSenior Advisor Coastal EcosystemIUCN-Pakistan

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Coast of Pakistan The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Key pointsy pFor Coastal & Marine Areas• Biologically coastal zone is one of the most productiveBiologically coastal zone is one of the most productive

area and important assets of Pakistan.

• Export of shrimps and fishes yield on an average a sum of USD 196 million per annum (FAO 2009)USD 196 million per annum (FAO 2009).

• The growth in the coastal areas is higher (3.3 percent) as compared to the non coastal areas (2.7 percent).

• C & M areas with their fisheries , minerals, oil and gas are contributing towards national growth and development.

Shipping line in North Arabian sea are considered to be• Shipping line in North Arabian sea are considered to be among the busiest in the world.

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Key pointsy pFor Coastal & Marine Areas

• 90 million tons is the world wide catches of marine fishes perannum and 0.665 million tons is the catch in Pakistan

• About 450 spp: of fish are recorded from Arabian sea andppPakistan has over 200 spp:

• 25 spp: of fish are of commercial importance

• Over 150 000 people use about 36 000 tons of mangroves fire• Over 150,000 people use about 36,000 tons of mangroves firewood per month along Pakistan coast

• About 16,000 camels, 4,000-6,000 cows and water buffaloes and2 5000 30 000 ttl i2,5000 – 30,000 cattle graze in mangroves.

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Distribution of Mangrove Forestsalong the Coast of Pakistanalong the Coast of Pakistan

Mangrove Categories Year Area in HectaresSindh Balochistan

1. Dense, normal and sparse mangroves vegetation 1966 604,870 9300

2. Dense, normal and sparsevegetation 1986 440,000 7340

3 Dense normal and sparse3. Dense, normal and sparsevegetation 1992 160,000 7003

4. Dense, normal and sparse 2003 86 000 ( ) 0 8vegetation 2003 86,000 (appx.) 4058

5. Dense, normal and sparse 2010 160,000 (appx.) 8058vegetation

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

gSource : Coastal Environmental Management Plan for Pakistan, UNESCAP, GOP, Sindh Forest Department. IUCN Pakistan

Pakistan Coast Todayo Ecosystems and livelihoods under threat

– Sea intrusion due to diversion of rivers water for agriculture hydropower

Pakistan Coast Today

– Sea intrusion due to diversion of rivers water for agriculture, hydropower generation and storage. (Tarbela, Mangla, Mirani, Shadi Khor Dams, etc.)

– Scarcity of fresh water for the people and ecosystems.

– Alarming rate of species and habitat loss (mangroves cutting, use of sand for land filling from turtle beaches)

– Absence of community involvement in planning and implementation ofAbsence of community involvement in planning and implementation of develop programme

– Waste disposal and pollution

(5 Karachi Industrial Estates, winder, Hub & Gadani Industrial Estates.)

– Improper management and over exploitation.

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Causes Of Change In Mangrove Habitat

Waste disposal and pollution

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Causes Of Change In Coastal Habitat

Improper management and over exploitation

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Causes Of Change In Coastal Habitat

Phet Cyclone June, 2010 Source: Met Dept. GOP

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Restoration and Rehabilitation Pogramme of Coastal & Marine Areas of Pakistan (1985-todate)

• Institutional strengthening and capacity building of the concern

governmental and non-governmental organizations and local

communities

• Rehabilitation of degraded mangrove areas

• Community development works

• Basic research on different aspects of mangrove forests and

fisheries

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Mangrove Rehabilitation Programmes i I d Ri D lt & B l hi t C t

Replanting 1985-2013: 34,000 hectares

in Indus River Delta & Balochistan Coast

Organi ations in ol edOrganizations involved-IUCN-Pakistan, Sindh & Balochistan Forest Department, Shirkat Gah, WWF International Society for Mangrove Ecosystem (ISME)Society for Mangrove Ecosystem (ISME), Coastal Communities

Gwader Development Authority (GDA)

Coastal Development Authority (CDA) Bedded Nursery

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Coastal Development Authority, (CDA) y

Protective Mangroves Plantation For Sand Dune Stabilization, in Gwadar, , ,Balochistan

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Protective Plantation – Carbon Sink, First Defence Line Against All Natural Disastersg

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Coastal Community

Mangrove Walkway

Development Works

Honeybee keeping in Mangrove

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

y p g g

Recommendations

Minimum environmental flows should be released down the small and large dams for ecosystem and livelihood of local population.The pollution should be treated at source before discharging into the sea.Deep sea fishing policy should be developed in consultation with coastal community.

Government should sanction long termGovernment should sanction long term mangrove forests and fisheries rehabilitation project along the coast of Pakistan.Coastal communities should be involved in coastal resource management at all levels.Communities should be provided alternatives for reducing their dependence on mangrove ecosystems.

Institutional structure should be evolved or strengthening for the enforcement of legislation in area classified or important mangrove reservemangrove reserve

Research should be directed towards providing managers and policy makers with essential information on the structure and function of the mangroves ecosystem

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Th kThanks

The World Conservation UnionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature