Coal and petroleum By Ayush Dabra

COAL AND PETROLEUM

2 Different Types Of Natural Resources

Inexhaustible Natural Resources- These resources are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities. Examples are: sunlight, air.

Exhaustible Natural Resources-The amount of these resources in nature is limited. They can be exhausted by human activities. Examples of these resources are forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.

Coal and petroleum are sources of energy that are non- renewable. They were made in the nature a long time before and they will finish after long-time use

COAL IS A COMBUSTIBLE SEDIMENTARY, ORGANIC ROCK, FORMED FROM VEGETATION. IN OTHER WORDS COAL IS A FOSSIL FUEL CREATED FROM THE REMAINS OF PLANTS THAT LIVED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO. IT IS CONSIDERED AS A NON RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY BECAUSE IT TAKES TOO MUCH TIME TO FORM.

Coal mainly consists of carbon.

It also consists some metal compound and some other impurities.

General Applications of Coal

Coal as fuelCoking and use of coke

Ethanol productionCoal tar

COAL IS USED AS A SOLID FUEL TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY. COAL IS USED AS A SOLID FUEL TO PRODUCE HEAT THROUGH COMBUSTION

Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal.Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.It is further used in making steelThe reaction of coal and natural gas was used for making Buna rubber.This reaction makes ethanol and it is used to make Buna rubber.

Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of high viscosity, which smells of naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons. Being flammable, coal tar is sometimes used for heating or to fire boilers.Coal tar is used in treatment of the skin disease psoriasis.It is also used to make roads.

There are two ways to mine coal:Surface miningUnderground mining

Surface Mining Surface mining is a type of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed. It is the opposite of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral removed through shafts or tunnels.

Underground Mining Underground mining (soft rock) refers to a group of underground mining techniques used to extract coal, oil shale and other minerals or geological materials from sedimentary ("soft") rocks.

Two Different Types Of Mining

Surface Mining

Underground Mining

List Of Coal Fields In IndiaSouth Karanpura Coalfield

North Karanpura Coalfield

Ramgarh Coalfield

West Bokaro Coalfield

East Bokaro Coalfield

Jharia Coalfield

Raniganj Coalfield

Singrauli Coalfield

Talcher Coalfield

Ib Valley Coalfield

Chirimiri Coalfield

Jhilimili Coalfield

Korba Coalfield

Mand Raigarh Coalfield

Sohagpur Coalfield

Umaria Coalfield

Pench Kanhan Coalfield

Wardha Valley Coalfield

How petroleum is formed?

How petroleum is formed?

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid , that are found in geologic formations beneath the earth's surface. It was produced when sea creatures died and got covered with sand and clay. Under high pressure , these dead organisms changed into petroleum and natural gases.

Refining Of Petroleum Petroleum is a dark oily liquid. It has an unpleasant odour. It is a mixture of various constituents such as:

Petroleum GasPetrolDieselLubricating OilParaffin Wax, etc

Refining Of Petroleum The process of separating the various constituents/fractions of petroleum is known as refining. It is carried out in a petroleum refinery.

What is an oil well?

An oil well is a general term for any boring through the earth's surface that is designed to find and acquire petroleum oil  hydrocarbons. It is used to pump out petroleum.

An Oil Well

Excess of Petroleum products and Coal usage leads to...

Acid rain.

Coal-fired power plants emit mercury, selenium, and arsenic which are harmful to human health and the environment.

Release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which causes climate change and global warming according to the IPCC. Coal is the largest contributor to the human-made increase of CO2 in the air.

Temperature of earth increases.

Natural Gas Natural gas is a very important fossil fuel because it is easy to transport through pipes. Natural gas is stored under high pressure as ‘Compressed Natural Gas’. CNG is used for power generation. It is now being used as a fuel for transport vehicles because it is less polluting. It is a cleaner fuel. The great advantage of CNG is that it can be used directly for burning in homes and factories where it can be supplied through pipes.

We all know that coal and petroleumare fossil fuels. It required the deadorganisms millions of years to getconverted into these fuels. On theother hand, the known reserves ofthese will last only a few hundredyears. Moreover, burning of thesefuels is a major cause of air pollution.Their use is also linked to globalwarming. It is therefore necessary thatwe use these fuels only whenabsolutely necessary. This will resultin better environment, smaller risk ofglobal warming and their availabilityfor a longer period of time.

In India, the Petroleum ConservationResearch Association (PCRA) advisespeople how to save petrol/diesel whiledriving. Their tips are:Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible,Switch off the engine at traffic lights or at a place where you have to wait,Ensure correct tyre pressure.Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.

POWER POINT PRESENTATION MADE BY

AYUSH DABRA OF CLASS VIII-C ROLL NO.8311