COA Presentation of ECM

IDENTIFYING THE POLICY PROBLEMS

Module 3EDWIN CHINEL MONARES, DPA

President, Global Zenith Research and Consulting, Inc.

Executive Director, SAVE ME Movement, Inc.

REVIEW OF CONCEPTSREVIEW OF CONCEPTS

Understanding PolicyUnderstanding Policy• Policy – a statement of intent, principle or protocol to

guide decisions and actions to achieve a certain goal– What is the basis of the intentintent

• Pnoy’s “tuwid na daan” pronouncementPnoy’s “tuwid na daan” pronouncement– What is the basis of the principle/protocolprinciple/protocol in your

agency?• Article XI (Accountability of Public Officers) Section 1 of the 1987

Constitution– What are the bases of decision and action decision and action points?

• Article IX ( Constitutional Commissions) D, Sections 1-4.• Principal Duties of the COA, Strategies, Policy Directions

– What is the goalgoal?• COA’s goal statement

Public PolicyPublic Policy• “is the relationship of government unit to its

environment – Robert Eyestone• “is whatever government chooses to do or not to do“ –

Thomas Dye• “is not a decision it is a course or pattern of activity.” –

Richard Rose• “is a proposed course of action of a person, group or

government within a given environment providing opportunities and obstacles which the policy was proposed to utilise and over come in an effort to reach a goal to realise an objective or purpose.” – Carl Friedrich

Nature of Public PolicyNature of Public Policy

• Goal oriented• The outcome of the government's collective

actions• What the government actually decides or

chooses to do• Positive in the sense that it depicts the

concern of the government and involves its action to a particular problem on which the policy is made

Goal versus PolicyGoal versus Policy

• Goals are what policies aim at or hope to achieve.

• A goal is a desired state of affairs that a society or an organisation attempts to realise.

Policy Making ProcessPolicy Making Process

PROBLEM/ISSUE IDENTIFICATIONPROBLEM/ISSUE IDENTIFICATION

““Agenda Setting in Policy Making Agenda Setting in Policy Making Process”Process”

What is a Problem?

• A problem is a discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs.

• A deviation from a norm, standard, or status quo.

• the difference between what is, and what might or should be

Present State of Present State of AffairsAffairs

Desired State of Desired State of AffairsAffairsPOLICYPOLICY

COA’s Goal Statement

• To make the Commission on Audita vibrant partner in nation-buildingvibrant partner in nation-building;

• a haven of integrity and competencehaven of integrity and competence;• an organization of professionals organization of professionals with a with a

culture of excellenceculture of excellence where good work is good work is treasured as the reward in itselftreasured as the reward in itself; and,

• a quality member quality member in the international organizations of supreme audit institutions.

Current State of Current State of AffairsAffairs

Current role as partner Current role as partner in nation-buildingin nation-building

Current degree of Current degree of integrity and integrity and competence of officials competence of officials and employeesand employees

Current level of Current level of professionalism and professionalism and culture of excellenceculture of excellence

Current status of Current status of membership with the membership with the organization of supreme organization of supreme audit institutionsaudit institutions

Desired State of Desired State of AffairsAffairs

Vibrant partner in Vibrant partner in nation-buildingnation-building

Haven of integrity and Haven of integrity and competencecompetence

Organization of Organization of professionals and professionals and culture of excellenceculture of excellence

Quality member of the Quality member of the international supreme international supreme audit institutions audit institutions

POLICYPOLICY

Force Field AnalysisForce Field Analysis

• A method for listing, discussing, and evaluating the various forces for and against a proposed change

• Helps one to look at the big picture by analyzing all of the forces impacting the change and weighing the pros and cons

• Enable one develop strategies to reduce the impact of the opposing forces and strengthen the supporting forces

• Forces that help you achieve the change are called "driving forces." Forces that work against the change are called "restraining forces."

FORCE FIELD ANALYSISFORCE FIELD ANALYSIS

Fishbone Diagram

• A fishbone diagram, also called a cause and cause and effect diagrameffect diagram or Ishikawa diagram,

• It is a visualization tool for categorizing the potential causes of a problem potential causes of a problem in order to identify its root causes devised by Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese quality control expert.

Fishbone DiagramFishbone Diagram

PeoplePeopleStructureStructure EquipmentEquipment

PoliciesPolicies Systems/ Systems/ ProceduresProcedures TechnologyTechnology

PROBLEMPROBLEM(EFFECT)(EFFECT)

Fishbone DiagramFishbone Diagram

Why?

Cause Cause Cause

Cause CauseCauseWhy?

Gap AnalysisGap Analysis• is the comparison of actual performance

with potential performance• a technique that businesses use to

determine what steps need to be taken in order to move from its current state to its desired, future state.

• Gap analysis consists of :1. listing of characteristic factors (such

as attributes, competencies, performance levels) of the present situation ("what is"),

2. listing factors needed to achieve future objectives ("what should be"), and then,

3. highlighting the gaps that exist and need to be filled. Gap analysis forces a company to reflect on who it is and ask who they want to be in the future.

Gap AnalysisGap Analysis

Gap AnalysisGap AnalysisWhere we want / could be?

Where we are heading / If we do nothing

Stakeholders AnalysisStakeholders Analysis• is the process of identifying the individuals or

groups that are likely to affect or be affected by a proposed action, and sorting them according to their impact on the action and the impact the action will have on them

Stakeholders Analysis GridStakeholders Analysis Grid

EXERCISESEXERCISES• Bearing in mind the goal statement of COA, Bearing in mind the goal statement of COA,

and your respective offices and your respective offices objectives/mandate, use the following to objectives/mandate, use the following to come up with a policy paper:come up with a policy paper:1. Gap Analysis2. Force Field Analysis3. Fishbone Diagram for a specific

problem/issue/gap identified4. Stakeholders Analysis grid