Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories CO 2 Emissions from Cement Production 175 175 CO 2 EMISSIONS FROM CEMENT PRODUCTION A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was written by Michael J. Gibbs, Peter Soyka and David Conneely (ICF Incorporated). It was reviewed by Dina Kruger (USEPA). ABSTRACT Cement is an important construction ingredient produced in virtually all countries. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a by- product of a chemical conversion process used in the production of clinker, a component of cement, in which limestone (CaCO 3 ) is converted to lime (CaO). CO 2 is also emitted during cement production by fossil fuel combustion and is accounted for elsewhere. However, the CO 2 from fossil fuels is accounted for elsewhere in emission estimates for fossil fuels. The Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC Guidelines) provide a general approach to estimate CO 2 emissions from clinker production, in which the amount of clinker produced is multiplied by the clinker emission factor. The IPCC Guidelines recommend two possible methods for calculating the clinker emission factor. The first method is to use the IPCC default value for the fraction of lime in clinker. The second method is to calculate the average lime concentration in clinker by collecting data on clinker production and lime fraction by type. The IPCC Guidelines state that the difference between the default value and a value based on collected data is expected to be small. If clinker production data are not available, it is recommended that countries back-calculate clinker production from the cement data while applying a correction factor for clinker imports/exports. Once an estimate has been derived, emissions can be estimated by means of the clinker emission factor. The IPCC recommends using clinker data, rather than cement data, to estimate CO 2 emissions because CO 2 is emitted during clinker production and not during cement production. If clinker is traded internationally, using cement production data results in a biased emissions estimate because the cement could potentially be produced from clinker that was made in another country. Although clinker data are the preferred data source, cement data may be more readily available in some countries. In this case, the recommended approach is to estimate the fraction of clinker in the cement and back-calculate clinker production. Quality assurance and quality control activities should be implemented at several stages in the emission estimation process. At the plant level, key activities include internal quality control on production data and emission factors, as well as documenting data and methods for reviewers. The inventory agency must ensure the accuracy of plant submissions as well as the compiled inventory. It is also responsible for providing documentation and sufficient information to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). One or more types of external review may also be appropriate.
CO2 EMISSIONS FROM CEMENT PRODUCTION
Apr 25, 2023
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Related Documents
