A SEMINAR ON CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING & SEQUESTRATION (CCS) JUSTIN K GEORGE ME CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
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A SEMINAR ON
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING & SEQUESTRATION (CCS)
JUSTIN K GEORGE ME CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AISSMS COE PUNE
Objectives
Identify the major sources of CO2
To understand the CCS process
CCS methods
Impact of CCS on environment
Advantages & disadvantages of CCS
To understand the DAC process
IntroductionCO2 is one of the major greenhouse gas
IPCC report illustrate the estimated CO2 emission ranges are,
from 29 to 44GtCO2/year in 2020 &
from 23 to 84GtCO2/year in 2050
Projected potential of CO2 capture (CCS) is,
2.6 to 4.9GtCO2/year in 2020 ,i.e. 9-12% of emission &
4.7 to 37.5GtCO2/year in 2050 ,i.e. 4.7-37.5% of emission
Several researches are now going on CCS
CO2 Cycle
Physical & Chemical Properties of CO2 • Appearance, Odor and State: Colorless and odorless. A slightly acid gas.
It is felt by some to have a slight pungent odor and biting taste.
• Molecular Weight: 44.01
• Gas Density (at 70°F (21.1 °C) and 1 atm ):1.832 kg/ m3
• Vapor Pressure (at 70°F (21.1°C)): 838 psig
• Specific Gravity (Air =1): 1.522
• Specific Volume (at 21.1°C and1atm):0.5457 m3 /kg
• Boiling Point: -109.3 °F (-78.5 °C)
• Triple Point (At 60.4 psig): -69.9 °F (-56.6 °C)
• Solubility In Water (Vol./Vol. at 20 °C): 0.90
Major Sources of CO2
Carbon Capture Technology
1. Pre-combustion carbon capture
2. Post-combustion carbon capture
3. Oxy-combustion carbon capture
CO2 Separation Techniques• Chemical and physical absorption
• Physical and chemical adsorption
• Low-temperature distillation
• Gas-separation membranes
Carbon Sequestration Ways that carbon can be stored (sequestered):
In plants and soil “Terrestrial Sequestration” (“carbon
sinks”)
Underground “Geological Sequestration”
Deep in ocean “Ocean Sequestration”
As a solid material (still in development)
Terrestrial Sequestration Through photosynthesis & stored as carbon in biomass &
soils.
Geological Sequestration
Types of Rocks1. Sedimentary Rock 2. Igneous Rock3. Metamorphic Rock- Injection of liquid CO2 in a depths more than 1 km;
Ocean Sequestration Dissolution type & Lake type
CCS: Environmental ImpactsGround water quality degradation
Resource damage (hydrocarbon resources)
Ecosystem degradation(Marine & Terrestrial)
Public safety
Release to atmosphere
In ocean storage carbon dioxide reacts with water to form acidLeakages pose local risks to health and ecosystems.
Current Maturity of CCS System
Direct Air Capture (DAC)Carbon Engineering -Canadian company (2009 - generation of ultra low carbon intensity liquid fuels. CEs technology includes two processes 1. an air contactor 2. a regeneration cycle
• CCS is one of the important measures that will make a significant
impact on reducing CO2 emissions.
• CCS implementation is picking up pace internationally ,
Several activities have been initiated worldwide in the development of
CO2 capture for power generation industry.
• DAC- CEs Technology gives future scope
• CCS can make impact on climate change
Conclusion
References Gibbins, J., Chalmers, H. (2007). Preparing for global rollout: A ‘developed country
first’ demonstration programme for rapid CCS deployment. Energy Policy. doi:10.1016/j.enol.2007.10.021.
Jose ´ D. Figueroa, Timothy Fout- Advances in CO2 capture technology—The U.S. Department of Energy’s Carbon Sequestration Program.
United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, http://www.ipcc.ch/ International Energy Agency, http://www.iea.org World Coal Institute, http://www.worldcoal.org/ European Zero Emission Playfom, http://www.zeroemissionsplatform.eu/ www.carbonengineering.com Pankaj Patware , Girish Thakur- A Roadmap For “Carbon Capture And Sequestration” In The Indian Context: A critical Review, 2013 Sean I. Plasynski ,US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory -Review of coz
capture technologies and some improvement opportunities. James T. Yeh and Henry W. Pennline ,National Energy Technology Laboratory,U.S.
Department of Energy-Study of CO, Absorption and Desorption in a Packed Column
THANK YOU
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