Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu Access

C s d liu Access

Bin tp bi:Thu Nguyn

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C s d liu Access

Bin tp bi:Thu Nguyn

Cc tc gi:Thu Nguyn

Phin bn trc tuyn:http://voer.edu.vn/c/33aa829e

MC LC

1. Gii thiu Microsoft Access2. Table - Bng d liu3. Query - Bng vn tin4. To Form Wizard v Report WizardTham gia ng gp

1/23

Gii thiu Microsoft AccessGII THIU

Microsoft Access l 1 trong 4 phn mm ng dng ca b Microsoft Office(Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, Microsoft PowerPoint).

Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu (HQTCSDL) dng to, x l cc cs d liu.

1. Khi ng: Cch 1: Nhp Start-> Programs-> Microsoft office-> Microsoft Office Access

2003 Cch 2: Nhp vo biu tng

trn thanh Microsoft Office. Mn hnh Access:

Chn Blank Database: nu mun to mi mt file CSDL Chn From Existing file: nu mun m 1 file CSDL c. (i vi Access 97,

chn Open an existing database) Sau khi to hoc m CSDL, mn hnh c dng nh sau:

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1. C s d liu trong Access:

Mi CSDL ca Access c lu tr trong 1 file c ui l .mdb.

Mi CSDL ca Access gm c cc thnh phn sau:

1. Table- bng d liu:

L thnh phn quan trng nht, cha cc d liu cn thit ca CSDL

1. Query-Bng truy vn (Bng vn tin)

Dng tnh ton, x l cc d liu ca Table, Query

1. Form: l cng c to ra cc mu trnh by d liu theo cc dng m ngi sdng mong mun.

2. Report: l cng c to mu v in bo co3. Macro: lnh v m

L tp hp cc lnh c chn, sp xp hp l cho vic t ng ha cc thao tc.

1. Module: n th chng trnh

L phng tin lp trnh trong Access vi ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic.

1. To-M-ng mt CSDL trong Access:1. To mt CSDL mi:

? Bc 1:

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Nu mi khi ng Access th chn Blank Database Nu ang lm vic ti ca s CSDL th nhp menu File/ New Database (hoc

nhp

), ri chn Blank Database

? Bc 2: Ti hp thai File New Database

1. Trong khung Save in: chn a cha CSDL File name : g tn file CSDL Nhp

2. M mt CSDL:

? Bc 1:

Nu mi khi ng Access th chn From Existing file (hoc Open an existingdatabase).

Nu ang lm vic ti ca s CSDL th nhp menu File/ Open Database hocnhp

? Bc 2:Ti hp thai Open

1. Trong khung Look in: chn a cha CSDL Nhp chn file CSDL cn m, nhp

2. ng CSDL:

Nhp menu File/Close

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Table - Bng d liuCu trc ca table:

Table c t chc thnh cc ct (Field) v cc dng (Record).

Khi lm vic vi Table, ta s mt trong 2 ch : Design View hoc Datasheet view:

Datasheet View

1. Ch Design View:

Dng to mi hoc sa cha cu trc ca Table:

1. Vo ch Design View: To mi table:

ca s CSDL, chn lp Table, nhp

-> chn Design View-> OK

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Sa cha cu trc ca Table:

ca s CSDL, chn Table cn sa, nhp

1. Cu trc table- ca s Design View:

Ca s Design view gm 3 ct: Field Name, Data Type, Description v mt bng conField Properties:

Field Name: Khai bo tn ct (Field) Data Type: chn kiu d liu cho Field: Text: Kiu chui Number: kiu s Date/time: Kiu ngy Yes/No: kiu logic (ng/sai) OLE Object: i tng nhng v lin kt (hnh nh) Description: dng gii thch, m t tn ct Field properties: thuc tnh Field: +Field size: kch thc field

+Format: dang hin d liu +Decimal place: s s l.

1. Ra khi ch Design View: Nhp

lu li cu trc table Nu ang to mi Table th phi t tn cho Table v tr li hp thoi: Do

you want to create a primary key now? (chn No)

( mun chuyn qua ch Datasheet th nhp

)

1. Ch Datasheet View:

Ch Datasheet View cho php xem v cp nht d liu ca Table.

Mun vo ch Datasheet View:

Nu ang ca s CSDL, chn table mun cp nht, nhp

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Nu ang ch Design View, nhp

Kha chnh:1. Khi nim:

Mi Table thng c mt mc kha chnh. Kha chnh ca 1 Table c th l mt haykt hp nhiu Field Access phn bit mt Record vi cc record khc trong table.

1. Khai bo kha chnh: Ti ca s CSDL, chn table mun to kha chnh, nhp

Chn cc field c chn lm kha chnh (nhp xm bn tri) Nhp biu tng

-> Nhp

Khai bo quan h gia cc table:1. Khi nim:

Table A c quan h vi table B nu d liu trn Table A c th b sung thm thng tincho table B. Field ging nhau gia 2 table gi l Field quan h.

* Mi quan h 1-1: nu gi tr trn Field quan h ca table A ch xut hin mt ln trnField quan h ca table B v ngc li.

* Mi quan h 1-nhiu: nu gi tr trn Field quan h ca table A xut hin nhiu lntrn Field quan h ca table B.

1. Khai bo quan h gia cc table: Bc 1: nhp menu Tools/ Relationships ( hoc nhp

) Bc 2: Chn cc table cn to quan h, nhp nt

. Sau khi chn xong nhp

Bc 3: Chn field quan h ca Table A, bm gi nt tri chut v ko lnfiled quan h ca Table B. Xut hin hp thoi:

Bc 4Chn

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- Bc 5: Nhp

. Nhp

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Query - Bng vn tinKhi nim:

Query l cng c khai thc v x l d liu, p ng cc nhu cu tra cu d liu cabng d liu.

To mi v xem kt qu mt query:

To mi mt query:

Bc 1: Ti ca s CSDL, chn lp Queries-> nhp

-> chn Design View -> OK

Bc 2: Xc nh cc Table/Query tham gia vn tin ti hp thoi Show Table bng cchchn cc Table/Query ri nhp

. Sau khi chn xong nhp

. (nu chn d Table th nhp vo Table cn xa, nhn Delete. Nu thiu Table thnhp vo

hin li hp thoi Show Table.)

Bc 3: Xc nh quan h gia cc Table nu c nhiu Table tham gia vn tin

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Bc 4: Xc nh ni dung vn tin nh sau:

- Xc nh cc Field tham gia vn tin ti dng Field:

* Nu Field c sn th c 2 cch chn:

Nhp chut ti Field cn ly ni dung v ko vo dng Field Nhp p ti Field cn ly ni dung

* Nu Field cha c th phi to Field tnh ton.

- Xc nh ch tiu sp xp ti dng Sort

Ascending: tng dn Descending: gim dn (not sorted): khng sp xp

- Xc nh n/hin ni dung cc Field ti dng Show

- t iu kin lc d liu ti cc dng Criteria, or

Bc 5: Lu query

Nhp File/Save hoc nhp

, t tn cho Query ->OK

10/23

Xem kt qu Query:

* Ti ca s CSDL:

+ Chn Query cn m

+ Nhp

: m query ch Design View ( hiu chnh)

+ Nhp

: m query ch Datasheet View ( hin th d liu)

*Nu query ang m, c th s dng cc biu tng:

+

: chuyn t ch Design View sang ch Datasheet View

+

: chuyn t ch Datasheet View sang ch Design View

To Field tnh ton trong Query:

Quy tc: :

Cc field m tn c khong trng gia, vit trong biu thc phi t trong du [ ].

11/23

Tn field tnh ton khng c t trng vi tn Field c mt trong cc Table/Querytham gia vn tin.

Hm IIF:

IIF(iu kin, biu thc 1, biu thc 2)

Tr v gi tr ca biu thc 1 nu iu kin ng, tr v gi tr ca biu thc 2 nu iukin sai.

V d: a=4,b=3

IIF(aProperties Nhp biu tng

trn Toolbar (hoc nhp nt phi chut -> chn Properties)

Chnh thuc tnh:

- Format: dng hin d liu

- Decimal places: s s l

- Caption: tiu ct

Hin th mt s Record theo la chn Top Value:

Nhp chut ti biu tng

(Top Value) v chn theo cc ch tiu sau:

All: Hin tt c record ca Query

5: Hin 5 record u tin ca Query

. 25: Hin 5 record u tin ca Query .

12/23

Cc php ton:

- Cc php ton s hc:

+ Cng

- Tr

* Nhn

/ Chia

\ Php chia nguyn

Mod Chia ly phn d

- Php ton ghp chui:

C php: &

Cng dng: ghp biu thc chui 1 vo biu thc chui 2.

V d: ghp 2 field HO v TEN thnh field HOTEN

HOTEN:HO& &TEN

- Cc php ton so snh:

K hiu Ni dung

= bng

> ln hn

< nh hn

>= ln hn hoc bng

A Not A

True False

False True

AND:

A B A AND B

True True True

True False False

False True False

False False False

OR:

A B A OR B

True True True

True False True

False True True

False False False

p dng cho vic t iu kin trong query:

iu kin t nhiu ct vit trn cng mt dng th c th hiu theo php tonAND

- iu kin t nhiu ct vit trn nhiu dng th c th hiu theo php ton OR

V d : Lc ra nhng hc sinh c im Ton v L t 8 tr ln.

14/23

- Php i snh mu:

C php: LIKE

Cng dng: so snh chui d liu vi mu d liu sau LIKE. Nu ging th tr v True,ngc li tr v False

*: i din cho nhiu k t

?: i din cho mt k t

#: i din cho mt ch s.

V d: nu k t th 3 ca lp l A th im thm l 1, ngc li l 0.

Diemthem: IIF(LOP like ??A*,1,0)

- php ton BETWEENAND

C php:

Between and

Cng dng:

Cho kt qu = True nu gi tr em so snh nm trong gii hn gia gi tr 1 v gi tr 2,ngc li cho kt qu l False.

15/23

V d: Nu mua hng trong thng 4 th tin phi tr bng 90% thnh tin, ngc likhng c gim gi)

Tienphaitra: iif(ngaymua between #1/4/2008# and #30/4/2008#,thanhtien*90/100,thanhtien)

- Php ton IN:

C php:

In (,,,)

Cng dng: Cho kt qu bng True nu gi tr cn so snh bng mt trong cc gi tr:gi tr 1>,,,. Ngc li tr v False.

V d: nu hc sinh thuc 2 lp 12A1 v 12A2 th hc bng l 200000, ngc li bng0

Hocbong:IIF(lop in(12A1,12A2),200000,0)

16/23

To Form Wizard v Report WizardTo Form bng Wizard:

Bc 1: To Query lm ngun d liu cho form (nu cn). Nu to Form dng Main/Sub th trong query lm ngun d liu cho Sub form phi c mt Field ging vi Field(c chn lm kha chnh) c trn main Form.

Buc 2: Ti ca s CSDL, chn lp Form, nhp

, chn Form Wizard -> OK

* Nu to Form n (cc Field a vo Form ly t mt Table) th:

Bc 3a: Trong khung Tables/Queries, chn Table c cha cc Field cn a ln Form

Bc 4a: Nhp chn Field trong hp thoi Available Field ri nhp

, s a Field chn vo hp Selected Field.(Cn nu chn

s a tt c cc Field ca bng ang chn vo Form) Sau nhp

Bc 5a: Chn kiu trnh by Form:

Columnar: sp cc Field theo ct Tabular: Trnh by Form dng bng Datasheet: Trnh by Form dng DataSheet Justified: cc Field c sp t tri qua phi

Sau nhp

Bc 6a: Chn kiu trnh by nn v d liu cho Form, nhp Next

Bc 7: t tiu cho Form, ri nhp Finish.

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* Nu to Form dng Main/sub (cc Field a vo Form ly t nhiu Table/Queries):

Bc 3b: Trong khung Tables/Queries, chn Table c cha cc Field cn a ln MainForm, chn cc Field trong khung Available Field a vo Selected Field a lnMain Form

Bc 4b: : Trong khung Tables/Queries, chn Table c cha cc Field cn a ln SubForm, chn cc Field trong khung Available Field a vo Selected Field a lnSub Form. Nhp

Bc 5b: Chn hnh thc trnh by Form, nhp

Bc 6b: Chn kiu trnh by cho SubForm, nhp

Bc 7b: Chn kiu trnh by cho Main Form, nhp

Bc 8b: t tiu cho Form, nhp

Xem kt qu Form:

- Ti ca s CSDL, chn Form cn xem

- Nhp Open: m Form ch xem d liu

- Nhp Design: m Form ch Thit k

To Report bng Wizard:

B1: To Query lm ngun d liu cho Report (Nu cn)

B2: Chn lp Report-> nhp

18/23

Nu mun to Report dng Wizard th chn Report Wizard->OK Nu mun to Report dng nhn th chn Label Wizard -> chn Table hoc

query lm ngun d liu cho Report ti mc: Choose the table or query wherethe object's data comes from.

1. To Report dng Wizard:

B3a: Trong khung Tables/ Queries, chn Table hoc query c cha cc Field cn avo Report. Trong khung Available Field, chn cc Field a vo Report, sau nhp

B4a: Chn cc Field lm cc cp phn nhm, nhp

B5a: Chn Field lm ch tiu sp xp, nhp

B6a: Chn hnh thc trnh by d liu trn Report, nhp

B7a: Chn kiu Report, nhp

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B8a: t tiu cho Report, nhp

2) To Report dng nhn:

B3b: Trong khung Label type, chn loi nhn (thng chn 5096)

+ Dimensions: kch thc nhn

+ Number Across: s nhn trn mt hng ngang

-> Nhp

B4b: Chn Font ch, c ch -> Nhp

B5b: Trong khung Prototype label, xy dng ni dung nhn->

B6B: t tn nhn -> nhp

Xem kt qu Report:

Ti ca s CSDL, chn Report cn xem Nhp

: m Report ch Print Prewiew (xem trang in) Nhp

: m Report ch thit k

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iu chnh thit k Form-Report: (vo ch Design)

Chnh Font ch cho i tng:

- Nhp chn i tng (gi Shift chn nhiu i tng)

- Nhp

: Chn Font ch, c ch

Thay i kch thc i tng:

Nhp chn i tng, t chut ti 1 gc hoc 1 cnh ca i tng, khi chut c dngmi tn 2 u th ko chut thay i kch thc.

Di chuyn i tng:

- t chut ti gc trn bn tri ca i tng, khi chut c dng bn tay (bn tay 1ngn) th ko chut di chuyn i tng.

- t chut bn trong i tng, khi chut c dng ?(bn tay 5 ngn) th ko chut dichuyn tt c cc i tng ang chn.

Chnh mu cho i tng:

- Nhp chn i tng cn hiu chnh

- Chnh mu ch ca d liu bn trong i tng, nhp

- Chn mu nn cho i tng, nhp

- Chn kiu ng vin:

hoc

21/23

Tham gia ng gp

Ti liu: C s d liu Access

Bin tp bi: Thu Nguyn

URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/33aa829e

Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Module: Gii thiu Microsoft Access

Cc tc gi: Thu Nguyn

URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/2ce52648


Module: Table - Bng d liu

Cc tc gi: Thu Nguyn

URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/e5aab0a5


Module: Query - Bng vn tin

Cc tc gi: Thu Nguyn

URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/ea188e6b


Module: To Form Wizard v Report Wizard

Cc tc gi: Thu Nguyn

URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/84a61d93


22/23

Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam

Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (Vietnam Open Educational Resources VOER) c h tr bi Qu Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca chng trnh l xy dng khoTi nguyn gio dc M min ph ca ngi Vit v cho ngi Vit, c ni dung phongph. Cc ni dung u tun th Giy php Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) 4.0do cc ni dung u c th c s dng, ti s dng v truy nhp min ph trcht trong trong mi trng ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu sau cho ton x hi.

Vi s h tr ca Qu Vit Nam, Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (VOER) tr thnhmt cng thng tin chnh cho cc sinh vin v ging vin trong v ngoi Vit Nam. Mingy c hng chc nghn lt truy cp VOER (www.voer.edu.vn) nghin cu, hctp v ti ti liu ging dy v. Vi hng chc nghn module kin thc t hng nghntc gi khc nhau ng gp, Th Vin Hc liu M Vit Nam l mt kho tng ti liukhng l, ni dung phong ph phc v cho tt c cc nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu cac gi.

Ngun ti liu m phong ph c trn VOER c c l do s chia s t nguyn ca cctc gi trong v ngoi nc. Qu trnh chia s ti liu trn VOER tr ln d dng nhm 1, 2, 3 nh vo sc mnh ca nn tng Hanoi Spring.

Hanoi Spring l mt nn tng cng ngh tin tin c thit k cho php cng chng ddng chia s ti liu ging dy, hc tp cng nh ch ng pht trin chng trnh gingdy da trn khi nim v hc liu m (OCW) v ti nguyn gio dc m (OER) . Khinim chia s tri thc c tnh cch mng c khi xng v pht trin tin phongbi i hc MIT v i hc Rice Hoa K trong vng mt thp k qua. K t , phongtro Ti nguyn Gio dc M pht trin nhanh chng, c UNESCO h tr v cchp nhn nh mt chng trnh chnh thc nhiu nc trn th gii.

23/23

Gii thiu Microsoft AccessTable - Bng d liuQuery - Bng vn tinTo Form Wizard v Report WizardTham gia ng gp

Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu Access

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