Co-firing of high-ash anthracite coal into the wooden biomass in flame:

Co-firing of high-ash anthracite coal into the wooden biomass Co-firing of high-ash anthracite coal into the wooden biomass in flame:in flame:

Pulverized coal and biomass co-firing with the aim of reduction Pulverized coal and biomass co-firing with the aim of reduction of natural gas consumption at Ukrainian power plantsof natural gas consumption at Ukrainian power plants

Coal Energy Technology Institute of Coal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of UkraineNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

12-16 MAY,THESSALONIKI, GREECE12-16 MAY,THESSALONIKI, GREECE

Dr.Nataliya DunayevskaDr.Nataliya Dunayevska, Taras Shchudlo, Dr.Yarosvav Zasiadko, , Taras Shchudlo, Dr.Yarosvav Zasiadko, Dr. Dmytro BondzykDr. Dmytro Bondzyk

SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES

CCT2013

Primary energy resources and energy intensity in UkrainePrimary energy resources and energy intensity in Ukraine

Reserves Share of world total, %

Coal 56,2 billion tones 6.3

Gas 0.9 trillion cubic meters 0.4

Proved reserves of primary energy (2011)*Proved reserves of primary energy (2011)*

Production Consumption Balance

Coal 45.1 42.4 2.7

Gas 16.4 48.3 -31.9

Oil*** 2.58 12.9 -10.32

The balance of primary energy, The balance of primary energy, million tones o. e. (2011)*million tones o. e. (2011)*

Energy intensity, Energy intensity, tones o. e. / thousand $ 2005**tones o. e. / thousand $ 2005**

Some economical statistics***:Some economical statistics***:

Gross domestic product (2012) – 135 billion euroAverage wage per month (2012) – 295 euro

* * BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2012BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2012** IEA 2012, Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, OECD/IEA, Paris** IEA 2012, Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, OECD/IEA, Paris*** State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2013*** State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2013

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Structure of primary energy consumption (2010)Structure of primary energy consumption (2010)

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Kind of biomass Total production,million tones

Economic potential,million tones o. e.

Straw of grain crops 32.0 2.2Rape straw 2.9 0.7Waste of corn production 34.0 6.0Waste of sunflower production 17.0 3.9Secondary agricultural waste 9.7 0.7Wooden biomass 3.9 1.3Energy crops:poplar, miscanthus, willow,

etc..rape (straw)

20.03.2

7.20.8

Total 122.7 22.6

The energy potential of biomass in Ukraine (2011)The energy potential of biomass in Ukraine (2011)

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SStraw traw and and sawdustsawdust power power resources in Ukraineresources in Ukraine

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Thermal power plants that burn anthracite in Ukraine

Thermalpower-plant

Totalcapacity,

MWe

Share of totalcapacity produced

by coal power units, %

Share of totalcapacity of energy

production, %

Starobeshivska 1900 8.7 3.6

Slovianska 800 3.7 1.5

Pridniprovska 1765 8.1 3.3

Krivorizka 2820 13.0 5.3

Zmiyivska 2200 10.1 4.1

Tripilska 1200 5.5 2.2

Total 10685 49.1 20.0

Total capacity of coal power units – 21778 MWe

Total installed capacity of Ukraine – 53500 MWe

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ResearchResearch tasks tasks

Research on possibilitiesResearch on possibilities to to improveimprove the high-ash anthracite the high-ash anthracite flame flame stabilization by its stabilization by its co-firingco-firing with pine sawdust biomasswith pine sawdust biomass

Partially or completely replace supporting natural gas Partially or completely replace supporting natural gas consumed in consumed in the coal the coal power with biomass, power with biomass, to support combustion of high-ash to support combustion of high-ash anthracite anthracite

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Unit's characteristicsUnit's characteristics:: reactor:reactor: vertical downflow vertical downflow

internal diameterinternal diameter:: 280 280 mmmm

diagnostic section lengthdiagnostic section length:: 2400 2400 mmmm

Brick liningBrick lining:: fire layerfire layer - - zirconium dioxidezirconium dioxide, , thermal insulationthermal insulation - - chamottechamotte, , thermal compensationthermal compensation - - asbestos clothasbestos cloth

Maximal loadMaximal load:: 30 30 kgkg//hour, coalhour, coal

Experimental unit VGP-100 for pulverized coal/biomass Experimental unit VGP-100 for pulverized coal/biomass co-firing studyco-firing study

1 - diagnostic section of the reactor2 - burner 3 - slag collector

The unit VGP-100 models processes that take place in lower radiation part of the furnace and the near-burner area

4 - cyclone5 - afterburner and cooling chambers

Schematics of VGPSchematics of VGP-100:-100:

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The objects of studyThe objects of study

Proximate analysis

anthracite

Wooden sawdust

Sample number

1 2

Moisure content, Wr, % 1.1 0.6 10.0

Ash, Ad, % 24.8 27.9 1.8

Volatile matter, Vdaf, % 7.3 7.4 85.1

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Summary on the experiments with biomass and coal Summary on the experiments with biomass and coal co-firing conducted on the VGP-100 unitco-firing conducted on the VGP-100 unit

* – heat share of natural gas/sawdust, including losses for heating air* – heat share of natural gas/sawdust, including losses for heating air to 320 to 320 C, which is done at real thermal power plantsC, which is done at real thermal power plants

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Comparison of Comparison of axis temperature distribution and axis temperature distribution and coal coal conversion degree for natural gas conversion degree for natural gas

and biomassand biomass co-firingco-firing

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1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

0,45 1,15 1,5 2,15

Ga

se

s t

em

pe

ratu

re o

n a

xis

of

the

re

ac

tor,

C

Distance from reactors inlet, m

mode antracite/gas, gas share 6,4%, Xcoal=60,8%

mode antracite/sawdust, sawdust share 8,8%, Xcoal=75,9%

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1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

0,45 1,15 1,5 2,15

Ga

se

s t

em

pe

ratu

re o

n a

xis

of

the

re

ac

tor,

C

Distance from reactors inlet, m

sawdust share 2,8% Хcoal=56,5%

sawdust share 8,8% Хcoal=75,9%

sawdust share 14,3% Хcoal=70,4%

Comparison of axis temperature Comparison of axis temperature distributiondistribution andand conversion degree of coal depending on the heat conversion degree of coal depending on the heat

share of sawdust in the mixshare of sawdust in the mix

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The study of sawdust coke combustion kinetics

• The experiments resulted in that anthracite and wood sawdust co-firing has shown its efficiency in comparison with the coal and supporting natural gas combustion

• However, the particles residence time in the VGP-100 unit was approximately 0.8 seconds, which is not sufficient for complete burnout of the fuels

• Furthermore, the coke particles burnout is the longest phase of fuel combustion, especially for biomass

• All these results had led us to necessity to evaluate the residence time of wood particles in the boiler, so further investigation of combustion rate of the wood coke particles was carried out in experimental unit RSK-1D

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The experimental unit RSK-1D for the study of sawdust coke combustion kinetics

1 - ADC 2 - thermocouple 3 - linkage of wood 4 - O2 absorber and drainer 5 - needle valves 6 –CO2 absorber and dryer unit 7 - dispenser 8 - voltage regulator

9 - filling of magnesium oxide; 10 - tube furnace, 11 - perforated grid, 12 - reactor, 13 - rheometer, 14 - the needle valve, 15 - gas analyzer, 16 - valve.

Schematics of RSK-1DSchematics of RSK-1D::

• vertical differential pulse fluidized bed reactor

• working in close to ideal displacement on the gas and ideal mixing on solid phases

• allows to maintain low temperature gradients (<10 K) in the reaction zone range adjustment sample

Key Key featurefeature::

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The experimental results of sawdust coke combustion kinetics

1,00E-05

1,00E-04

1,00E-03

1,00E-02

1/851 1/816 1/784 1/755 1/727 1/702 1/678

W, 1

/c

1/T, 1/K

The dependence of the specific rate of carbon burnout coke wood from the inverse

temperature (Т=390-560 0С, d=0,1-0,5 mm)

coke 0,1-0,2 mm

coke 0,4-0,5 mm

• In the investigated temperature range, particle size of the wood coke does not affect the rate of reaction with oxygen, which indicates intrakinetic mode of sample combustion

• After summarizing the results by Arrhenius approximation, reaction rate constant K0І = 1,3 104 [1/c] / [kg/m3] and the activation energy E = 111,2 kJ/mol were obtained

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ConclusionsConclusions

Analysis of present situation in Ukraine shows reasonability Analysis of present situation in Ukraine shows reasonability of biomass utilization at pulverized coal thermal power of biomass utilization at pulverized coal thermal power plantsplants

Experimental results showed that high-ash anthracite can Experimental results showed that high-ash anthracite can be co-fired with sawdust biomass, which helps to reduce be co-fired with sawdust biomass, which helps to reduce consumption of supporting natural gas, up to its full consumption of supporting natural gas, up to its full substitutionsubstitution..

The obtained kinetic rate constants of coke of pyrolized The obtained kinetic rate constants of coke of pyrolized wood can be used for further design of power equipment to wood can be used for further design of power equipment to burn wood, with or without coalburn wood, with or without coal

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The statistics and research data described above The statistics and research data described above were received within the framework of:were received within the framework of:

EC grant # DCI/ENV2010/243-936 “Demonstration, EC grant # DCI/ENV2010/243-936 “Demonstration, Dissemination and deployment of CCT and CCS in Ukraine”Dissemination and deployment of CCT and CCS in Ukraine”

NATO grant,NATO grant, program for Security Through Science, projectprogram for Security Through Science, project “Co“Co--firing of solid biomass and pulverized coal in coal fed firing of solid biomass and pulverized coal in coal fed boilers of power plants”boilers of power plants”

CComprehensiveomprehensive research program of National Academy of research program of National Academy of Science of Ukraine «Biofuel»Science of Ukraine «Biofuel»

Fundamental research program of National Academy of Fundamental research program of National Academy of Science of Ukraine “Scientific foundations of low-reaction coal Science of Ukraine “Scientific foundations of low-reaction coal combustion in flow”combustion in flow”

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