CNS CNS-stimulating and somatic effects of Khat stimulating and somatic effects of Khat 2 nd nd KRP Int. Symposium 2011 Addis Ababa KRP Int. Symposium 2011 Addis Ababa Rudolf Brenneisen Rudolf Brenneisen 1 University of Berne, Switzerland University of Berne, Switzerland www.phytopharm.dkf.unibe.ch www.phytopharm.dkf.unibe.ch [email protected][email protected]
16
Embed
CNS-stimulating and somatic effects of Khat - brenneisen-unibe
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
CNSCNS--stimulating and somatic effects of Khat stimulating and somatic effects of Khat
University of Berne, Switzerland University of Berne, Switzerland www.phytopharm.dkf.unibe.chwww.phytopharm.dkf.unibe.chrudolf.brenneisen@[email protected]
Khat in SwitzerlandKhat in Switzerland
Customs confiscates: >775 kg (2009) Customs confiscates: >775 kg (2009) Ethnic groups, no street drugEthnic groups, no street drug
Khat chewing Khat chewing bolus bolus alkaloid extraction alkaloid extraction absorption absorption via oral mucosavia oral mucosa and GIT and GIT interaction with dopaminergic, interaction with dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic system noradrenergic and serotonergic system mesolimbic mesolimbic reward system reward system
ffmanicmanic--like, schizophreniform and paranoid psychoses like, schizophreniform and paranoid psychoses (rare, excessive doses, predisposition).(rare, excessive doses, predisposition).
Chronic:Chronic: Chronic:Chronic:Agitation, appetite loss (malnutrition, susceptibility to Agitation, appetite loss (malnutrition, susceptibility to infections), insomnia, dayinfections), insomnia, day--night rhythm dysfunction, night rhythm dysfunction, t l th i ht lit h t l th i ht lit h tremor, lethargy, nightmares, personality changes, tremor, lethargy, nightmares, personality changes, emotional instability, reduced ability to concentrate, emotional instability, reduced ability to concentrate, liver dysfunction, tooth damages, ulcers, sexual liver dysfunction, tooth damages, ulcers, sexual dysfunctions, esophageal and gastric carcinomas (?).dysfunctions, esophageal and gastric carcinomas (?).
WHO „Khat Dependence“:WHO „Khat Dependence“:M d t b t ft hi d d i f t M d t b t ft hi d d i f t Moderate but often psychic dependence, reinforcement Moderate but often psychic dependence, reinforcement (cathinone); peripheral, sympathomimetic tolerance to (cathinone); peripheral, sympathomimetic tolerance to CNS effects; mild psychological withdrawal symptoms.CNS effects; mild psychological withdrawal symptoms.
11
Toxicity (2)Toxicity (2)
12
Toxicity (3)Toxicity (3)
Physical + social harm + risk of dependence Physical + social harm + risk of dependence
Future researchFuture research Risks of coRisks of co--consumption (alcohol tobacco Cannabis consumption (alcohol tobacco Cannabis Risks of coRisks of co--consumption (alcohol, tobacco, Cannabis, consumption (alcohol, tobacco, Cannabis,
opioids,…)?opioids,…)?
Risks of longRisks of long term Khat exposure during pregnancy term Khat exposure during pregnancy Risks of longRisks of long--term Khat exposure during pregnancy term Khat exposure during pregnancy and lactation?and lactation?
Khat inducing seizures?Khat inducing seizures?
Cancerogenic potential of Khat chewing, e.g. buccalCancerogenic potential of Khat chewing, e.g. buccalmucosa and GIT? Genotoxicity?mucosa and GIT? Genotoxicity?
Pharmacology and toxicity of other Khat constituents, Pharmacology and toxicity of other Khat constituents, Pharmacology and toxicity of other Khat constituents, Pharmacology and toxicity of other Khat constituents, e.g. flavonoids and cathaedulins?e.g. flavonoids and cathaedulins?
Pharmacology and toxicity of designer cathinones Pharmacology and toxicity of designer cathinones Pharmacology and toxicity of designer cathinones, Pharmacology and toxicity of designer cathinones, e.g. 4e.g. 4--MMC?MMC?
Ethnopharmacological and therapeutic potential of Ethnopharmacological and therapeutic potential of
14
Ethnopharmacological and therapeutic potential of Ethnopharmacological and therapeutic potential of Khat and khatamines, such as antimicrobial and Khat and khatamines, such as antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties?cytotoxic properties?