CNCLATHE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTJJ503 MECHANICAL WORKSHOP PRACTICE 4

NAMANO. PENDAFTARAN

AKMAL GHAZALI01DKM13F1016

ZULKIFLI SHAFIE01DKM13F1028

HAIKAL ARIFF01DKM13F1015

JAGROSHAN SINGH01DKM13F1026

TITLE : CNC LATHE MACHINE PROCESSDATE OF SUBMITTED : 11 OCTOBER 2015LECTURER : PUAN SITI ASMA BINTI BAHARUDINENCIK SHUHAIRI BIN MOHAMAD SAMSUDINENCIK FAUZI BIN AB GHAFAR

DEFINITIONComputer numerical controlled (CNC) lathes are rapidly replacing the older production lathes (multispindle, etc.) due to their ease of setting, operation, repeatability and accuracy. They are designed to use modern carbide tooling and fully use modern processes. The part may be designed and the tool paths programmed by the CAD/CAM process or manually by the programmer, and the resulting file uploaded to the machine, and once set and trialled the machine will continue to turn out parts under the occasional supervision of an operator.The machine is controlled electronically via a computer menu style interface, the program may be modified and displayed at the machine, along with a simulated view of the process. The setter/operator needs a high level of skill to perform the process, however the knowledge base is broader compared to the older production machines where intimate knowledge of each machine was considered essential. These machines are often set and operated by the same person, where the operator will supervise a small number of machines (cell).The design of a CNC lathe varies with different manufacturers, but they all have some common elements. The turret holds the tool holders and indexes them as needed, the spindle holds the workpiece and there are slides that let the turret move in multiple axis simultaneously. The machines are often totally enclosed, due in large part to occupational health and safety (OH&S) issues.

HISTORY OF CNC LATHE MACHINEThe lathe is an ancient tool, dating at least to ancient Egypt and known to be used in Assyria and ancient Greece. The lathe was very important to theIndustrial Revolution.The origin of turning dates to around 1300 BCE when the Ancient Egyptians first developed a two-person lathe. One person would turn the wood work piece with a rope while the other used a sharp tool to cut shapes in the wood. Ancient Rome improved the Egyptian design with the addition of a turning bow. In the Middle Ages a pedal replaced hand-operated turning, allowing a single person to rotate the piece while working with both hands. The pedal was usually connected to a pole, often a straight-grained sapling. The system today is called the "spring pole" lathe. Springpole latheswere in common use into the early 20th century.An important early lathe in the UK was the horizontal boring machine that was installed in 1772 in theRoyal ArsenalinWoolwich. It was horse-powered and allowed for the production of much more accurate and stronger cannon used with success in theAmerican Revolutionary Warin the late 18th century. One of the key characteristics of this machine was that the workpiece was turning as opposed to the tool, making it technically a lathe (see attached drawing).Henry Maudslaywho later developed many improvements to the lathe worked at the Royal Arsenal from 1783 being exposed to this machine in the Verbruggen workshop.[1]During theIndustrial Revolution, mechanized power generated by water wheels orsteam engineswas transmitted to the lathe via line shafting, allowing faster and easier work. Metalworking lathes evolved into heavier machines with thicker, more rigid parts. Between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, individual electric motors at each lathe replaced line shafting as the power source. Beginning in the 1950s,servomechanismswere applied to the control of lathes and other machine tools via numerical control, which often was coupled with computers to yield computerized numerical control (CNC). Today manually controlled and CNC lathes coexist in the manufacturing industries.

CNC MACHINE CONTROL PANEL LABEL

TYPES OF LATHE PROCESSOperationsDuring the process cycle, a variety of operations may be performed to the workpiece to yield the desired part shape. These operations may be classified as external or internal. External operations modify the outer diameter of the workpiece, while internal operations modify the inner diameter. The following operations are each defined by the type of cutter used and the path of that cutter to remove material from the workpiece.

External operations Turning - A single-point turning tool moves axially, along the side of the workpiece, removing material to form different features, including steps, tapers, chamfers, and contours. These features are typically machined at a small radial depth of cut and multiple passes are made until the end diameter is reached. Facing - A single-point turning tool moves radially, along the end of the workpiece, removing a thin layer of material to provide a smooth flat surface. The depth of the face, typically very small, may be machined in a single pass or may be reached by machining at a smaller axial depth of cut and making multiple passes. Grooving - A single-point turning tool moves radially, into the side of the workpiece, cutting a groove equal in width to the cutting tool. Multiple cuts can be made to form grooves larger than the tool width and special form tools can be used to create grooves of varying geometries. Cut-off (parting) - Similar to grooving, a single-point cut-off tool moves radially, into the side of the workpiece, and continues until the center or inner diameter of the workpiece is reached, thus parting or cutting off a section of the workpiece

Thread cutting - A single-point threading tool, typically with a 60 degree pointed nose, moves axially, along the side of the workpiece, cutting threads into the outer surface. The threads can be cut to a specified length and pitch and may require multiple passes to be formed.

Internal operations Drilling - A drill enters the workpiece axially through the end and cuts a hole with a diameter equal to that of the tool. Boring - A boring tool enters the workpiece axially and cuts along an internal surface to form different features, such as steps, tapers, chamfers, and contours. The boring tool is a single-point cutting tool, which can be set to cut the desired diameter by using an adjustable boring head. Boring is commonly performed after drilling a hole in order to enlarge the diameter or obtain more precise dimensions. Reaming - A reamer enters the workpiece axially through the end and enlarges an existing hole to the diameter of the tool. Reaming removes a minimal amount of material and is often performed after drilling to obtain both a more accurate diameter and a smoother internal finish. Tapping - A tap enters the workpiece axially through the end and cuts internal threads into an existing hole. The existing hole is typically drilled by the required tap drill size that will accommodate the desired tap.

TYPE OF TOOL TOOLPICTURE

CUTTER 1

TAILSTOCK

BORING

CUTTER 2

CUTTER (FINISHING)

U-DRILL

MACHINE STOPPER

G-CODE AND M-CODE FOR OUR PROJECT

G-CODE AND FUNCTIONG-codeFunction

G00Move in a straight line at rapids speed

G01Move in a straight line at last speed commanded by a (F)eedrate

G02Clockwise circular arc at (F)eedrate

G03Counter-clockwise circular arc at (F)eedrate

G28Return to home position

G96Constant Surface Speed ON

M-CODE AND FUNCTION M-codeFunction

M03Spindle ON (CW Rotation)

M05Spindle Stop

M08Flood Coolant ON

M09Coolant OFF

M24Tool magazine down

M25Tool clamp

M30End of Program, Rewind and Reset Modes

CNC LATHE PRODUCTSComputer Numerical Control or CNC Lathe machines are used to produce parts by turning a rod of the selected material and feeding various cutting tools into the material at varying depths and angles. This machinery allows us to produce very precise parts with minimal or no secondary processing. This picture shows the project that we have done. The finishers are very smooth and almost perfect. This CNC machine is very useful for factory to make a work become easier.

CONCLUSION

After a practice for 5 weeks we have to recognize machine CNC Turning 'closer. We can learn how to use CNC lathe machines using the code 'G' and 'M' as well as understand the uses, type and functions of the CNC lathe machines'. Spirit of cooperation between members of each group can be cultivated during practice and practice proper safety measures during practice.

1. We can understand how the use of CNC lathe machine at work project.2. We can complete the project according to project design and project dimensions.3. Made to achieve the project objectives and in accordance with our requirements.4. Understand what has been taught in theory and in practice can be machined.5. We can solve the problems during the project coordinate system before we make a simulation.6. We can understand how to enter data (key-in) program at CNC Lathe machine control panel.7. We can use the machine CNC lathe skills to the project.8. Able to produce ideas for the design of this CNC project.9. We know the functions of G code and M code.10. We learn put the codes to the machines.