CNC Machining Router & Plasma Cutter. The big question What would your life be like without manufacturing? What types of manufactured products do you.

CNC MachiningRouter & Plasma Cutter

The big question

•What would your life be like without manufacturing?

•What types of manufactured products do you use?

The answer

•Every day you use manufactured products, which make your life easier or more enjoyable.

•Without automobiles, stereos, telephones, televisions, refrigerators, sports equipment, and recreational goods your life would certainly be different.

Manufacturing…

•Is the making or producing of goods, especially on a large scale.

•Make products which you use in almost every aspect of your life.

•Essential part of our nations economy•Form the base for trade with other

countries

Apart of History

•For centuries people have manufactured tools and devices to help them fulfill their basic needs.

Food Water Shelter Heat Light Interaction with other people

Early on

•People were hunters & gatherers struggling for survival

•Tools helped people adapt to the natural environment

•Early “tool boxes” contained a variety of stone tools used for hunting and food preparation

Adaptive skills•Peoples skills increase and they started to

settle around lakes and rivers•Made from available resources such as

stone, mud, animal hide & bone: Tools Shelter Containers Clothes Weapons

Communities formed

•With the domestication of plants & animals, people formed groups or communities

•They divided their labor among its members to sustain life.

•The technological developments that fulfilled peoples basic needs led to cities and modern civilization!

Overcoming Limitations

Technologies

•Help people fulfill their basic needs & adapt to their environment by allowing them to overcome their physical limitations.

•Peoples limits: Their strength Speed & distance they can travel Range of their senses

Think about it

•What is something that helps you overcome a limitation based on:

Strength Speed & distance of travel Range of senses

Overcoming those limits

•So, we manufacture levers, gears, and motors to increase our strength; bicycles, automobiles, & aircraft so we can travel farther and faster; and communication devices such as telescopes, televisions, and radios to extend our senses so we can hear and see worldwide.

The role of information & knowledge

Knowledge

•Technologies, used to satisfy needs & overcome limits, were developed from knowledge that was passed on from generation to generation.

Valuable

•People would not have advanced in the process of adapting to their environment without:

Knowledge Learning Way to store & pass on information

Unfortunately…

•People also have limits on their ability to remember, process what they know, and communicate ideas.

•To overcome this: Have invented tools to process & store

information Writing devices have been used for years to

record & store information

Johann Gutenberg

•1454:Developed the printing press, which allowed for the mass production and distribution of information

•Recent Years: The digital computer is a modern tool that has dramatically expanded human’s ability to store, retrieve & process information

Modern manufacturing

•Provide us with products that help fulfill our needs

•Produce heaters to keep us warm, trucks & refrigerators to transport & store food, & pipes for our water distribution systems

•Provide products that help overcome many of our physical and mental limits while providing us with products that make life more enjoyable

The Industrial Revolution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c&list=TLX42bA1E0JrMp2VhAKuQObtz3NnJxfkQP

Industrial Revolution

•Many of the tools & products that characterize modern manufacturing were developed during the Industrial Revolution

•Before the Industrial Revolution 90% of the people in the United States were employed in the agricultural industry

Industrial Revolution

•Most of the consumer goods were produced in the home or by small factories

•Revolution = a dramatic change in American society occurred

•Changed the way people produced goods, the economic base of the United States, and the organization of communities

Industrial Revolution Timeline

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbAOseDs3KY

Industrial Revolution Report

•1 page, single spaced, (times new roman 12 point font) report on an invention during the industrial revolution.

•Give some background on the item and in your own words how it changed the lives of people at the time. Include advantages and disadvantages.

•Include 2 small pictures•Include URL, of where you found the

information on a second page.

Force of Change

•The development of new machines, new sources of energy, and new processes to convert raw materials to stock materials fueled the change that occurred at the turn of the 20th century.

New Machines

•Simple machines: Wheel, lever, incline plane, pulley & screw were used as early as 3000 BC

•Medieval times: gears were used to transmit power, and cams and rods were used to convert circular motion to reciprocal motion

•Mechanization: combining simple machines to make compound machines – didn’t become a part of manufacturing until the late 1700s

Machines

•Boring mill, screw cutting lathe, planing machine, drill press, milling machine, and gear cutting machine were some of the machines developed during the Industrial Revolution

•Made part production quicker and more accurate

New Sources of Power

•Prior to the Industrial Revolution, some machines were powered by windmills & water wheels.

•Since these sources of power were limited to locations of moving water or consistent winds, the main source of power was either humans or animals

Limits overcome

•1712: Thomas Newcomen captured the energy of heat with the steam engine

•1758: more than 100 engines built primarily for use in mines to pump water▫Too large & costly for widespread

application▫Showed that piston engines could convert

heat energy to mechanical energy

Making use of the power

•James Watt improved the steam engine by adding a separate condenser to convert the steam back into water

•Result = smaller, more powerful & less expensive engine

•More practical for industrial application

Advancement

•Principle of the piston engine led to the development of Nikolaus Otto’s internal combustions engine in 1859

•And the diesel engine invented by Rudolf Diesel in 1898

Electric Motors

•1831: Michael Faraday showed that a wire carrying an electric current would move if placed in a magnetic field

•Thus, electricity could be converted to motion.

•Led to the development of the first electric motor

•1831: Joseph Henry developed the first electric motor

Electric Motors

•These new sources of power, which converted heat or electrical energy to mechanical energy, changed manufacturing industries.

•Mechanization of production could now be done on a large scale

•Mechanization increased the quantity of manufactured goods while decreasing the cost of production

New Materials• Manufacturing industries convert raw

materials into marketable products• Industrial Revolution: the amount of raw

materials mined or harvested increased because of the availability of new machinery

• Processes were developed to make: steel, aluminum, plastic, and chemicals

• The availability of materials & powered machines allowed industries to expand and make products for a great number of people – a mass market

The Age of Mass Consumption

Make a hamburger game!

•You will have 1 minute to make as many hamburgers as you can. Each person is responsible for their own burgers from start to finish.

•You will move to the product and when finished with a burger it goes in a pre-chosen spot

•At the end we will count the total burgers

Lets try again!

•Now, we are going to make burgers but use an assembly line

•Each person will have a job•You will have 1 minute to make as many

burgers as you can!

Mass Production

•Henry Ford developed the first mass production assembly line in 1908

•Mass Production = the production of many products to sell to many customers

•A market must exist for mass production to be successful

Ford• Ford made the automobile which was

expensive, more affordable.• Ford’s assembly line created a new market by

reducing the cost of the automobile• Combined existing methods of production to

develop a new system• Ideas of these men were used by Ford:

Eli Whitney Oliver Evens Elihu Root Frederick Taylor

Interchangeable Parts

•Eli Whitney introduced the principle of interchangeable parts to American industry

•Before: A craftsperson made & carefully fit each part during assembly

A special part would have to be made if a part needed to be replaced

Small Arms Industry – Before 1798•Guns were made by hand, one at a time•A part from one gun would not necessarily

fit another gun•Eli Whitney built machines that

duplicated parts so a part from one gun would fit any gun

•The use of interchangeable parts simplified the assembly process, reducing the cost & time to make each gun

Division of Labor

•Elihu Root picked up where Whitney left off.

•Root = helped produce the famous Colt Six Shooter

•He divided the process into a greater number of steps which were easier to do

•Result = quicker production & less chance for error

•Divided large complicated jobs into small simple tasks

Continuous Flow

•Work moves to the worker•Before = The workers moved about the

shop to make parts: the product remained fixed until it was completed

•Oliver Evans in 1783: designed conveyor systems to move materials to the worker – which he used in a grain milling operation

Continuous Flow

•Used in meat packing houses of Chicago•Before = Workers could clean 30 hogs in

a day•After = One person could process over 70

hogs in a day

Elimination of Wasted Motion

•Frederick Taylor improved the efficiency of workers by eliminating wasted motions

•Taylor studied workers & determined that there was a correct speed & a correct motion when worker efficiency was the highest

•Time & motion studies were used by Ford to make each step in building the Model T more efficient by elimination wasted motion

Perfect combination

•Ford combined the principles of interchangeable parts (Eli Whitney), division of labor (Elihu Root), continuous flow production (Oliver Evans), and elimination of wasted motion (Frederick Taylor) to mass-produce the Model T

•Took Ford several years to change from the old method to this new type of production

Out with the old, in with the new•Before = Took 12 hours and 20 minutes to

assemble one Model T•After = Took 24 seconds to assemble one

Model T