Cn301 (4.3 Preparing Fieldwork)

CN 301 GEOENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING (4.3 Preparing for Fieldwork and Soil Sampling for Site Investigation)

NO. MEMBER’S NAME MATRIX NO.

1 ABDULLAH BIN ABDUL RAHMAN 16DKA13F1061

2 MUHAMMAD FAIZUAN BIN RAMLI 16DKA13F1075

3 NURUL FATIN KHAIRULNISA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI 16DKA13F1065

4 SITI NURAIN BINTI ISMAIL 16DKA13F1064

Preparing for Fieldwork and Soil Sampling

The first stage in soil investigations is to establish clear sampling objectives. These must define why and how samples are being collected, and lead to the formulation of the sampling strategy (eg, where to collect the samples).

The goals or objectives of performing soil sampling at the field • To collect a soil sample that is representative of a field or portion of a field. • To have an early observation of the soil samples and gathering as much information about it before send to laboratory for testing. • To obtain info about a field and use that info to make management decisions: nutrient management, herbicides, crops, and others.

4.3.1 Intrusive Ground Investigation

The selection of ground investigation method depends firstly on the characteristics of the ground, the objectives, and the technical requirements but may be influenced by the character of the site, equipment, personnel and cost. The following are the ground investigation method:

• Sampling ground and groundwater

• In-situ Tests in Trial Pits and Boreholes

• Geophysical Methods

Sampling ground and groundwater

Low Flow Sampling

Low pumping rate minimizes drawdown, mixing and formation stress, isolates stagnant water.

Low stress = low turbidity, improved sample accuracy, reduced purge volumes.

Samples represent formation water and naturally mobile contaminants, not stagnant water in the well or mobilized contaminants.

Sampling ground and groundwater ( Low Flow Sampling )

Sampling ground and groundwater

Wash Boring

In-situ Tests in Trial Pits and Boreholes

a. Density of the

ground

b. Permeability of the

ground

Density of the ground

1. Auger borings

2. Drive borings

3. The Standard Penetration Test

4. Cone Penetration Test5. Field vanes

shear tests

6. Rock core boring

Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

Diagram representing boring record

Diagram representing Test in Piezometer

Diagram representing Pumping Test

Geophysical Method

1. Seismic Methods

2. Electromagnetic resistivity

3. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

Seismic Method

Characterize subsurface

environments

Generate sound waves at near surface

source

Useful for assessment of the structural

characteristics of a contaminated site

Electromagnetic Resistivity

Based on electrical

conductivity contrasts Exist between

zones of different

physical and chemical

properties in ground

Delineating contaminate

d zones beneath covered

area

Ground Penetrating Radar

Used electromagnetic waves to penetrate

ground

Generate high frequency

electromagnetic waves at source toward

ground