CMS Pixel CO 2 Cooling - Detector Cooling Operation- João Noite PH-CMX-DS
Jan 22, 2016
CMS Pixel CO2 Cooling- Detector Cooling Operation-
João Noite PH-CMX-DS
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 2
Summary
• CMS Pixel detector upgrade
• Detector cooling loop layout
• Experimental Setup
• Experimental results vs Calculator
• Main lines flow distribution
• Pixel loops P&T behavior
• CO2 Flow pattern map & HTC
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 3
Present CMS Pixel Detector
• 66M silicon pixels
• 3 Barrel layers (BPix)
• 2 Forward disks (FPix)
• Single phase cooling system C6F14
• Maximum heat load ≈5kW
BPix
BPix FPix
Port Cards
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 4
CMS Pixel Detector Upgrade
• 125M silicon pixels
• 4 Barrel layers (BPix)
• 3 Forward disks (FPix)
• 2-Phase CO2 cooling system
• Maximum heat load ≈9kW
• To be installed in 2015-2016
BPix Supply Tube
BPix Detector
FPix Supply Tube
DCDC Converters &
Port Cards
FPix Detector
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 5
Pixel detector numbers
Detector Side
Main Copper Line
BPIX FPIXDetector
LoopLoop
Length [m]Detector Power @ -20°C [W] Detector
LoopLoop
Length [m]Max Power
[W]NSB OSB NHL OHL
+Z S
ide
ML1L1D1PN 9.494 78.8 136.4 163.6 221.2
HD1PN 11.464 237.8L1D2PF 9.494 78.8 136.4 163.6 221.2
ML2L2D2PN 11.762 157.6 194.7 225.2 262.4
HD1PF 11.064 237.8L2D1PF 11.762 157.6 194.7 225.2 262.4
ML3
L3D2PN 12.741 169.9 182.6 214.8 227.5HD2PN 10.664 237.8
L3D3PF 12.741 169.9 182.6 214.8 227.5
L3D4PN 12.82 162.1 173.7 205.2 216.8HD2PF 10.664 237.8
L3D1PF 12.82 162.1 173.7 205.2 216.8
ML4
L4D1PN 12.973 173.3 182.3 201.3 210.3HD3PN 10.664 237.8
L4D4PF 12.973 173.3 182.3 201.3 210.3
L4D3PN 11.618 165.4 173.9 192.5 200.9HD3PF 10.664 237.8
L4D2PF 11.618 165.4 173.9 192.5 200.9
-Z S
ide
ML1L1D2MN 9.505 94.5 175.2 208.5 289.1
HD1MN 11.464 237.8L1D1MF 9.506 94.5 175.2 208.5 289.1
ML2L2D1MN 11.751 141.8 174.0 202.1 234.2
HD1MF 11.064 237.8L2D2MF 11.751 141.8 174.0 202.1 234.2
ML3
L3D1MN 12.888 146.3 155.8 186.0 195.5HD2MN 10.664 237.8
L3D4MF 12.888 146.3 155.8 186.0 195.5
L3D3MN 12.714 169.9 182.6 214.8 227.5HD2MF 10.664 237.8
L3D2MF 12.714 169.9 182.6 214.8 227.5
ML4
L4D2MN 11.612 165.4 173.9 192.5 200.9HD3MN 10.664 237.8
L4D3MF 11.612 165.4 173.9 192.5 200.9
L4D4MN 11.858 157.6 165.5 183.7 191.6HD3MF 10.664 237.8
L4D1MF 11.858 157.6 165.5 183.7 191.6
TOTAL 283.473 3565.4 4140.9 4780.4 5355.9 130.368 2853.6
Legend:OHL – Irradiated detector at high luminosityNHL – New detector at high luminosityOS – Irradiated detector in standbyNS – New detector in standbyNP – No power
Highest powered loops:BPix -> 289W @ -Z Layer #1FPix -> 238W @ all HD’s
Longest Loops:BPix -> 12.8m @ -Z Layer #3FPix -> 11.4m @ HD1
Total Maximum Power:BPix -> 5.36kWFPix -> 2.85kW
Total Pixel Power = 8.21kW
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 6
BPix & FPix Detector loop example
Supply Line
Return Line
Optional Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger
DCDC & POH Evaporator
BPix Detector Evaporator
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
Supply & Return Manifolds
Existing Copper Lines
Manifold -> PP1 PP1-> PP0 Near ST Endflange Inside BPix ST Inside BPix
(...)
(...)
Supply Line
Return Line
Optional Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger
DCDC & POH Evaporator
FPix Detector Evaporator
(...)
(...)
Supply & Return Manifolds
Existing Copper Lines
Manifold -> PP1 PP1-> PP0 Near ST Endflange Inside FPix ST Inside FPix
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 7
Experimental Setup
Sensor x [m]Supply m,Tin,Pin 0
DC-DC & Port Cards
Tin 0.41S1 0.435S2 0.885S3 1.365S4 1.845S5 2.325S6 2.77
Tout 2.8
DETECTOR
Tin,Pin 5.74S1 5.765S2 6.55S3 7.695S4 8.84S5 9.985S6 11.35
Tout 11.375Return Tout,Pout 14.755
Pin
V.A-
S6
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5Tout
mTinPin
+
V.A-
DC-DC Converter EvaporatorLength = 2400 mmInner Diameter = 1.8 mmWall Thickness = 100μmElectrical Resistance ≈ 0.8Ω
+
Detector Supply TubeLength = 2400 mmInner Diameter = 1.8 mmWall Thickness = 100μm
Detector EvaporatorMaterial: SS 304LLength = 5650 mmInner Diameter = 1.41 mmWall Thickness = 50μmElectrical Resistance ≈ 4.15Ω
Detector Return TubeLength = 2400 mmInner Diameter = 1.8 mmWall Thickness = 100μm
Tin
S1Tin
S6Tout
S2
S3S4
S5
ToutPout
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 8
Experimental Setup
DC-DC Converter Evaporator Supply / Return Tube Detector Evaporator
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
m = 1.07g/s | Qtotal = 137.80W | Pin = 22.53Bar | Tin = -18.05°C | dP = 3.11Bar | dT = 6.00°C
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1419
20
21
22
23
24
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
Exp. Wall Temperature
Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO2 Temperature
Theory CO2 Pressure
100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
m = 1.07g/s | Qtotal = 137.80W | Pin = 22.53Bar | Tin = -20.46°C | dP = 3.11Bar | xout = 0.47
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [
kg/m
2 .s]
G = 421kg/m2.s | q = 2.69kW/m2 | Psat
= 22.53Bar | xout
= 0.11 | xdryout
= 0.81
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
200
400
600
800
1000
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [
kg/m
2 .s]
G = 697kg/m2.s | q = 4.07kW/m2 | Psat
= 22.35Bar | xout
= 0.47 | xdryout
= 0.73
Experiment vs Calculator
Elec
tron
ics
Det
ecto
r Inl
et
Detector
Det
ecto
r Out
let
A
B
D
MI
SLGS
SW
A
D
M
I
SLG
SSW
L
Electronics Detector
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 10
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [
kg/m
2 .s]
G = 582kg/m2.s | q = 5.05kW/m2 | Psat
= 26.30Bar | xout
= 0.12 | xdryout
= 0.74
0 5 10 15-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
Loop Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
m = 1.48g/s | Qtotal = 256.87W | Pin = 26.40Bar | Tin = -17.40°C | dP = 6.33Bar | dT = 10.86°C
0 5 10 1520
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
Exp. Wall Temperature
Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO2 Temperature
Theory CO2 Pressure
Experiment vs Calculator
Elec
tron
ics
Det
ecto
r Inl
et
Detector
Det
ecto
r Out
let
100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
m = 1.48g/s | Qtotal = 256.87W | Pin = 26.40Bar | Tin = -17.40°C | dP = 6.33Bar | xout = 0.63
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [
kg/m
2 .s]
G = 963kg/m2.s | q = 7.58kW/m2 | Psat
= 21.43Bar | xout
= 0.63 | xdryout
= 0.64
A
B
D
MI
SLGS
SW
A
D M
I
SLG
SSW
L
Electronics Detector
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 11
Flow distribution – BPix ML1 @ -20°C
• By looking at this plot one can see that the main line -Z ML1 needs at least 2x1.915=3.83g/s for cooling Layer #1 sectors, this total flow rate is set at the manifold’s metering valve. From slide 6 table one can see that this main line splits into two cooling loops L1D2MN and L1D1MF. • The worst case of operation is if one of these two loops has no power the flow will be higher on this one so instead of 1.91g/s it will increase to 2.03g/s.• The other parallel loop which is powered and thus will have higher resistance will get less flow 3.83-2.03=1.80g/s which is still enough to keep it away from the dry-out region.
OHL –> Q=289W, Irradiated detector at high luminosityNHL –> Q=208W, New detector at high luminosityOS –> Q=175W, Irradiated detector in standbyNS –> Q=94W, New detector in standbyNP –> Q=0W, No power
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.50
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Mass Flow [g/s]
Pre
ssur
e D
rop
[bar
]
Flow Distribution -ZLayer#1 - Inlet Capillary, 0.60mm ID & 0.750m Length
L1D2MN&L1D1MF OHL
L1D2MN&L1D1MF NHL
L1D2MN&L1D1MF OSL1D2MN&L1D1MF NS
L1D2MN&L1D1MF NP
2.03
g/s
ΔPcapillary + ΔPdetector = 9.76 + 2.72 = 12.48bar
1.80
g/s
ΔPcapillary + ΔPdetector = 7.83 + 2.64 = 10.47bar
ΔPcapillary + ΔPdetector = 13.62 + 2.86 = 16.48bar
ΔPcapillary + ΔPdetector = 11.78 + 2.8 = 14.58bar
2.43
g/s
2.25
g/s
Safe Operation: mnominal = 2.34 g/s
Limit Operation:mnominal = 1.91 g/s
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 12
BPix –Z Layer #1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-21
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
L1D2MN & L1D1MF OHL | m = 2.25g/s | Qtotal = 289.12W | dP = 14.57Bar | dT = 5.94°C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1018
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO2 Temperature
Theory CO2 Pressure
Tset = -20°CQ = 289W
Capi
llary
DCD
C
DCD
C
CCU
Endfl
ange
BPIX Endfl
ange
Retu
rn0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
L1D2MN & L1D1MF OSB | m = 2.25g/s | Qtotal = 175.15W | dP = 15.31Bar | dT = 1.96°C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1050
54
58
62
66
70
74
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO2 Temperature
Theory CO2 Pressure
Tset = 15°CQ = 175W
Capi
llary
DCD
C
DCD
C
CCU
Endfl
ange
BPIX Endfl
ange
Retu
rn
100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
m = 2.25g/s | Qtotal = 289.12W | Pin = 34.27Bar | Tin = -20.00°C | dP = 14.57Bar | xout = 0.45
100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
m = 2.25g/s | Qtotal = 175.15W | Pin = 66.18Bar | Tin = 15.00°C | dP = 15.31Bar | xout = 0.44
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 13
BPix –Z Layer #1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [
kg/m
2 .s]
G = 1119kg/m2.s | q = 20.94kW/m2 | Psat
= 22.13Bar | xout
= 0.44 | xdryout
= 0.53
B A
I
SLGS
SW
D M
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [
kg/m
2 .s]
G = 1119kg/m2.s | q = 11.96kW/m2 | Psat
= 52.19Bar | xout
= 0.43 | xdryout
= 0.45
B A
I
SLGS
SW
D M
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Vapor Quality
HT
C [
kW/m
2 .K]
G=1119kg/m2.s | Psat=52.19 Bar | q=11.96 kW/m2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
5
10
15
20
25
30
Vapor Quality
HT
C [
kW/m
2 .K]
G=1119kg/m2.s | Psat=22.13 Bar | q=20.94 kW/m2
Tset = -20°CQ = 289W
Tset = 15°CQ = 175W
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 14
FPix +Z HD1
0 2 4 6 8 10-21
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Serial HD Config | m = 1.87g/s | Qtotal = 213.00W | dP = 3.27Bar | dT = 6.38°C
0 2 4 6 8 1018
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO2 Temperature
Theory CO2 Pressure
Tset = -20°CQ = 213W
Supp
ly
DCD
C
PC O-O
O-I
I-O I-I Retu
rn0 2 4 6 8 10
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Serial HD Config | m = 1.87g/s | Qtotal = 137.40W | dP = 2.47Bar | dT = 3.02°C
0 2 4 6 8 1050
51
52
53
54
55
56
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO2 Temperature
Theory CO2 Pressure
Tset = 15°CQ = 137W
Supp
ly
DCD
C
PC O-O
O-I
I-O I-I Retu
rn
100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
m = 1.87g/s | Qtotal = 213.00W | Pin = 22.97Bar | Tin = -20.00°C | dP = 3.27Bar | xout = 0.40
100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
m = 1.87g/s | Qtotal = 137.40W | Pin = 53.34Bar | Tin = 15.00°C | dP = 2.47Bar | xout = 0.42
João Noite PH-CMX-DS 15
FPix +Z HD1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [
kg/m
2 .s]
G = 1156kg/m2.s | q = 22.10kW/m2 | Psat
= 20.54Bar | xout
= 0.40 | xdryout
= 0.52
B A
I
SLGS
SW
D M
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [
kg/m
2 .s]
G = 1156kg/m2.s | q = 12.15kW/m2 | Psat = 51.30Bar | xout = 0.41 | xdryout = 0.44
B A
I
SLGS SW
D M
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
5
10
15
20
25
30
Vapor Quality
HT
C [
kW/m
2 .K]
G=1156kg/m2.s | Psat=20.54 Bar | q=22.10 kW/m2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Vapor Quality
HT
C [
kW/m
2 .K]
G=1156kg/m2.s | Psat=51.3 Bar | q=12.15 kW/m2
Tset = -20°CQ = 213W
Tset = 15°CQ = 137W