1 CML Centre of Environmental Science Life Cycle Inventory Modeling using Integrated Hybrid Model Sangwon Suh - With a case study of Linoleum
Dec 26, 2015
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CMLCentre of Environmental Science
Life Cycle Inventory Modeling using Integrated Hybrid Model
Sangwon Suh
- With a case study of Linoleum
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CMLCentre of Environmental Science
Reference
Lave et al., 1995
Lenzen, 2001
Estimated truncation
50%
9~52%
Method
1st order upstream
3rd order (energy)
1. Introduction
• Calculated truncation in “SETAC” LCI
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1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
[Lave et al., 1995] [Lenzen, 2001]
1. Introduction
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[Moriguchi et al., 1993][Hendrickson et al, 1998][Joshi, 2000]
Alternative : Input-output based LCI
1. Introduction
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Activated carbon and charcoal Alkali metals
Alumina Aluminum chloride Aluminum compounds Aluminum hydroxide (alumina trihydrate) Aluminum oxide Aluminum sulfate Alums Ammonia alum Ammonium chloride, hydroxide, and molybdate
Ammonium compounds, except for fertilizer Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium thiosulfate Barium compounds Bauxite, refined Beryllium oxide Bleach (calcium hypochlorite), industrial Bleach (sodium hypochlorite), industrial Bleaches, industrial Bleaching powder, industrial Borax (sodium tetraborate) Boric acid Boron compounds, not produced at mines Borosilicate Brine Bromine, elemental Calcium carbide, chloride, and hypochlorite Calcium compounds, inorganic Calcium metal Carbide Catalysts, chemical Cerium salts Cesium metal Charcoal, activated
SIC 2819-Industrial inorganicchemicals, NEC
182 items
1. Introduction
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Objectives
• Systematic LCI modeling : Integrated hybrid model
• Empirical test using existing case study
1. Introduction
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Hybrid LCI modeling
LCI [Heijungs, 1994] : Physical unit/operation time
IOA [Stone, et al., 1963] : Monetary unit/total production
2. Methodology
• Integrating computational structure of
Full interaction between processes and economy
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0.263$ Solvent
Lacquer Production
0.031$ Ind.Bld
Industrial Org.Chem
Chem.Ind. Installat’n
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Total intervention
Intervention by processes
Intervention by IO comm.
Technology matrix of P
Inflows from IO
Outflows from P
Technology matrix of IO
Final demand
0
=
-1
2. Methodology
0
~~
1y
AN
SAPPM
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CMLCentre of Environmental Science 2. Methodology
Required treatment
• IO part1. Inclusion of domestic and imported capital and current commodity2. Price update: the base year of the IO table current price3. Subtraction of the portion of commodity flows represented by the product based system
• LCA part1. Allocation2. Price adjustment (consumer’s price vs. producer’s price)
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• Linoleum [Gorree, et al., 2000]
• Main data gaps
- production & transportation of pesticides, fertilizer S, additives, solvent, adhesives, catalysts
- Capital goods
3. Case study
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Cost composition table/cost estimation for cut-offs
Capital requirements estimation
Link estimated cost to each IO cell
Procedure
3. Case study
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• Cost composition table
• Capital requirements estimation
- Linseed oil, Tall oil, …(12 major ingredients)- Catalysts, fertilizer S, … (8 cut-off flows)- Industrial building, material handling equipment,…(3 capitals)
- Linseed oil, Tall oil, …(12 major ingredients)
3. Case study
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0
~~~
1y
AN
SAPPM
• 3 Cases
- Baseline (Existing LCI)
- Hybrid (Cut-offs and capitals : 38 links)
- IO LCI (Miscellaneous floor coverings)
yAPM ~~~~ 1
yPAM 1
3. Case study
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0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
POC OD GW HT AEF AES SEF SES TE AD EUT ODR
Baseline Hybrid IO LCI
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Baseline
Hybrid Max
IO LCI
0%
5% ~ 73% (avg. 18%)
-85% ~ 124% (avg. 3%)
Percent change
4. Result
Summary
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CMLCentre of Environmental Science 4. Result
Sources of difference
Process based LCA IO based LCA
Truncation Truncation
Incomplete data Incomplete data
Aggregation
Base year difference
Price difference
Use of IO based result should be limited
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1. Both process and IO based LCI suffer from their inherent problems: truncation and aggregation
2. Hybrid LCI : technology matrix of LCI be fully integrated to national accounts
5. Conclusion
Conclusion
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3. Hybrid method as worked out: capturing most of the flows without loss of process specific data
4. Limitations of this study
- IO data only covers national economy
- Inclusion of capital goods can be improved
5. Conclusion