Fungi-like Fungi-like bacteria bacteria Actinomyces species Actinomyces species Nocardia species Nocardia species Streptomyces species Streptomyces species www.ams.c mu.ac.th
Fungi-like bacteriaFungi-like bacteria
Actinomyces speciesActinomyces species
Nocardia speciesNocardia species
Streptomyces speciesStreptomyces species
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ActinomycetesActinomycetes
Aerobic gram-positive Aerobic gram-positive bacillibacilli NocardiaNocardia ActinomaduraActinomadura NocardiopsisNocardiopsis StreptomycesStreptomyces
Anaerobic non-spore fAnaerobic non-spore forming gram-positive orming gram-positive bacillibacilli ActinomycesActinomyces
Gram Positive Filamentous BacteriaGram Positive Filamentous Bacteria
GENUSGENUS OXYGENOXYGEN GRANULEGRANULE ACIDFASTACIDFAST
MycobacteriaMycobacteria aerobeaerobe nono yesyes
ActinomycesActinomyces ANAEROBEANAEROBE YESYES nono
NocardiaNocardia aerobeaerobe sometime sometime
PARTIALLYPARTIALLY
StreptomycesStreptomyces aerobeaerobe YESYES nono
PhysiologyPhysiology BacteriaBacteria with fungi-like str with fungi-like str
uctures.uctures.
Actinomycetes are true baActinomycetes are true bacteriacteria lack of nucleus membrane alack of nucleus membrane a
nd mitochondriand mitochondria susceptibility to antibacterial susceptibility to antibacterial
but not to antifungal but not to antifungal
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Acid-fast stain of Nocardia sp.
PhysiologyPhysiology There are There are aerobic and anaerobicaerobic and anaerobic actinomy actinomy
cetescetes Aerobe; ; Nocardia, Actinomadura, StreptomycNocardia, Actinomadura, Streptomyc
eses Anaerobe; ; ActinomycesActinomyces
Slowly growingSlowly growing 3 days - 2 weeks3 days - 2 weeks
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Nocardia growing in culture after 7 days as colony that are chalky and raised,with color varying from white to yellow-orange
DiseasesDiseasesActinomycetomaActinomycetomaNocardiosis Nocardiosis (Nocardial infection)(Nocardial infection)
ActinomycosisActinomycosis
Modified acid-fast stainModified acid-fast stain
Acid-fast stain carbolfuchsin 3%HCl-alcohol
Methylene blue
Modified acid-fast stain carbofuchsin 1% H2SO4- alcohol
Methylene blue
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ActinomycosisActinomycosis Lumpy jaw Chronic disease characterized by formation of
multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that discharge sulfur granules
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ActinomycosisActinomycosis Etiologic agent: Anaerobic bacteria
Actinomyces israeli, A. gerencseriae A. naeslundii, A.odontolyticus, A. viscosus
Gram-positive branching filamentous, no spore forming
Acid-fast negative
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ActinomycosisActinomycosis Source : Normal flora of the upper respiratory, g
astrointestinal and female genital tracts
3 major clinical types Cervicofacial actinomycosis (50-70%) Thoracic actinomycosis (15-20%) Abdominal & pelvic actinomycosis (10-20%)
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ActinomycosisActinomycosis
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ActinomycosisActinomycosis Laboratory diagnosis
Specimen : pus, sputum, skin biopsy
Naked eye ; sulfur granule
10 % KOH, Gram’s stain
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Sulphur
granules
ActinomycosisActinomycosis
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A) Microscope view of actinomycotic “sulfur granules” (10x) (Exudate from an abdominal wound infection)
B) Gram-stained smear from the specimen as in A), showing thin sulfur granule with thin, branching filaments (800x)
ActinomycosisActinomycosis Laboratory diagnosis
Cultures immediately under anaerobic conditions and incubated for 48 hours or require 2-3 weeks.
Typical colonies have "molar tooth" appearance on agar
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Molar tooth colony
ActinomycosisActinomycosis Treatment
1 to 2 months of penicillin given through a vein, followed by 6 to 12 months of penicillin taken by mouth.
co-trimoxasole, chloramphenicol, methicilin
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