CManual (2)

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Mrs. B. Lakshmi, Asst.Professor, Dept. of Computer Applications, VRSEC

1. BRANCHING AND SELECTION

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO FIND THE BIGGEST OF THE

GIVEN THREE NUMBERS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare variables x,y,z and max as a integer type

Step 3: Read x,y and z values

Step 4: if(x

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PROGRAM

/* Program to find the biggest of the given three numbers */

#include /* printf(), scanf() */

#include /* getch(), clrscr() */

void main()

{

int x,y,z,max;

clrscr(); /* clears the screen */printf("Enter x value:");

scanf("%d",&x); /* reads x from the keyboard */

printf("Enter y value:");

scanf("%d",&y); /* reads y from the keyboard */

printf("Enter z value:");

scanf("%d",&z); /* reads z from the keyboard */

if(x

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{

if(x

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2.WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT ELECTRICITY BILLS

WITH SLABS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare variables mno, cr, pr, n as a integer type and

bill as float type

Step 3: Read mno, cr, pr values

Step 4: Computing number of units consumed

n=cr-pr;Step 5: Calculate Amount based on Units

if(n>=0&&n200&&n400&&n600) then

bill=390+n*1.0

else then

write Invalid number of unitsStep 6: Write mno, bill value

Step 7: Stop

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PROGRAM

/* Program to print Electricity bill with slabs */



void main()

{

int n,cr,pr,mno;

char utype;

float bill=0.0;clrscr(); /* clears the screen */

printf("\n\t****************************************");

printf("\n\t*****ELECTRICITY BILL

CALCULATION*******");

printf("\n\t****************************************");

printf("\nEnter meter number :");

scanf("%d",&mno);

/*Reading current and previous readings*/

printf("\nEnter current reading:");

scanf("%d",&cr);

printf("\nEnter previous reading:");scanf("%d",&pr);

/*Computing number of units consumed*/

n=cr-pr;

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if(n>=0&&n200&&n400&&n600)

bill=390+n*1.0;

elseprintf("\nInvalid number of units");

if(bill>0)

{

printf("\nThe meter number= %d",mno);

printf("\nThe number of units consumed=%d",n);

printf("\nBill amount for %d units is %f\n",n,bill);

}

getch(); /* reads a char from keyboard but it doesn’t print it on

the screen */

}

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3.WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT STUDENT GRADES

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare variables n1, n2, n3, tot as a integer type

Step 3: Read n1, n2, n3 values

Step 4: Computing Total Marks

tot = n1+n2+n3

write tot

tot=tot/300Step 5: Computing Grade

if(tot >= 80) then

wirte You got A grade

else if ( tot >=60) then

write You got B grade

else if ( tot >=40) then

write You got C grade}

else if ( tot < 40) then

write You Failed in this exam

Step 6: Stop

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PROGRAM

/* Program to print Student grades */



void main()

{

int n1,n2,n3,tot;

printf("Enter your mark\n ");

printf("Subject 1:");scanf("%d",&n1);

printf("Subject 2:");

scanf("%d",&n2);

printf("Subject 3:");

scanf("%d",&n3);

if(n1

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}

tot=n1+n2+n3;

printf("\n Total Marks %d", tot); // printing outputs

if(tot >= 80){

printf("\n You got A grade"); } // printing outputs

else if ( tot >=60){ // Note the space between

else & if

printf("\n You got B grade");}

else if ( tot >=40){printf("\nYou got C grade");}

else if ( tot < 40){

printf("\n You Failed in this exam");}

getch();

}

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2. CONTROL STATEMENTS

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT THE

CALCULATOR APPLICATION (USING SWITCH)

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare variables sign as a char data type and a, b as

integer data types

Step 3: Read sign valuesign=getchar()

Step 4: switch(sign)

Step 5: case '+': read a, b values

Write a+b

Step 6: case '-': read a, b values

Write a-b

Step 7: case '*': read a, b values

Write a*b

Step 8: case '/': read a, b values

Write a/b

Step 9: case '%': read a, b valuesWrite a%b

Step 10: default: Invalid operation"

Step 11: Repeat the Steps 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 until

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while(sign != 'Q' && sign != 'q')

Step 12: Stop

PROGRAM

/*Program to implement the calculator application (using

switch)*/



void main(){

int a,b;

char sign;

clrscr();

printf("\nPlease enter an operation +, -, *, /, %, : ");

flush(stdin);

scanf("%c",&sign);

while (sign != 'Q' && sign != 'q')

{

switch(sign)

{case '+': printf("\nEnter 2 numbers : ");

scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

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printf("Addition of %d and %d is

%d\n",a,b,a+b);

break;

case '-': printf("\nEnter 2 numbers : ");


printf("Subtraction of %d and %d is

%d\n",a,b,a-b);

break;

case '*': printf("\nEnter 2 numbers : ");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

printf("Multiplication of %d and %d is

%d\n",a,b,a*b);

break;

case '/': printf("\nEnter 2 numbers : ");


printf("Division of %d and %d is %d\n",a,b,a/b);

break;

case '%': printf("\nEnter 2 numbers : ");


printf("Modulus of %d and %d is%d\n",a,b,a%b);

break;

default: printf("\nInvalid Option\n");

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break;

}

printf("\nPlease enter an operation +, -, *, /, %, : ");

fflush(stdin);

scanf("%c",&sign);

}

getch();

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT TABLE FOR A GIVEN

NUMBER

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare variables n, i as Integer data types

Step 3: Read n value

Step 4: set i:=1

Step 5: repeat steps 6,7 until i

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printf("\n----------------------");

for(i=1;i

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT 1 TO N NATURAL

NUMBERS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare variables n, i as Integer data types


Step 4: set i:=1

Step 5: repeat steps 6,7 until i

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LOOPING CONSTRUCTS-I

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO CHECK THE GIVEN NUMBER

IS ARMSTRONG OR NOT

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare variables n, r, temp ,count=0 as Integer data

types

Step 3: Read n value Assign temp = n

Step 4: Assign temp = nStep 5: Compute

r=n%10

count=count+(r*r*r)

n=n/10

Step 6: Repeat Step 5 while n>0

Step 7: if count equals to temp then

Write “Given number is Armstrong”

Else

Write “Given number is Not Armstrong”

Step 8: Stop

PROGRAM /* Program to Check the Given Number Is Armstrong Or Not*/

#include

#include

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void main()

{

int n,count=0,r,temp;

clrscr();

printf("Enter a number : ");

scanf("%d",&n);

temp=n;

while(n>0)

{r=n%10;

count=count+(r*r*r);

n=n/10;

}

if(count==temp)

printf("\nGiven Number is Armstrong");

else

printf("\nGiven Number is not Armstrong");

getch();

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO CHECK THE GIVEN NUMBER

IS PALINDROME OR NOT

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start


types


Step 4: Assign temp = n

Step 5: Computer=n%10;

count=(count*10)+r;

n=n/10;



Write “Given number is Palindrome”

Else

Write “Given number is Not Palindrome”

Step 8: Stop

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PROGRAM

/*Program to check the given number is palindrome or not*/

#include

#include

void main()

{

int n,count=0,r,temp,opt;

clrscr();

printf("Enter a number : ");scanf("%d",&n)

temp=n;

while(n>0)

{

r=n%10;

count=(count*10)+r;

n=n/10;

}

if(count==temp)

printf("\nGiven Number is Palindrome");

elseprintf("\nGiven Number is not Palindrome");

getch();

}

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IS PERFECT OR NOT

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start

Step 2: read n

Step 3: set i:=i+1,sum:=0

Step 4: repeat steps 5,6 until i ≤ n/2

Step 5: if n mod i=0

set sum:=sum+iStep 6: set i:=i+1

Step 7: if sum=n

write ‘n is perfect’

else

write ‘n is not perfect’

Step 8: stop

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PROGRAM

/*Program to check the given number is perfect or not*/

#include

#include

void main()

{

int n,i,count=0,r,temp,opt;

clrscr();printf("Enter a number : ")

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i

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IS STRONG OR NOT

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare variables n, i, f, r, count=0, temp as Integer data

types

Step 3: Read n value Assign temp = n

Step 4: set i=1 and f=1 r=n%10;

Step 5: compute f=f*i and i=i+1Step 6: Repeat step 5 until i0


Write “Given number is Strong”

Else

Write “Given number is not Strong”

Step 10: Stop

PROGRAM

/*Program to check the given number is strong or not*/#include

#include

void main()

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{

int n,i,f,r,count=0,temp;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

while(n>0)

{

i=1;f=1;

r=n%10;

while(i

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT THE REVERSE OF THE

GIVEN NUMBER

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start


types


Step 4: Compute

r=n%10;count=(count*10)+r;

n=n/10;


Step 6: write count

Step 7: Stop

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PROGRAM

/* Program to print the reverse of the given number */

#include

#include

void main()

{

int n,count=0,r,temp,opt;

clrscr();

printf("Enter a number : ");scanf("%d",&n);

temp=n

while(n>0)

{

r=n%10;

count=(count*10)+r;

n=n/10;

}

printf("\nReverse of %d is %d",temp,count);

getch();

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO CONVERT THE GIVEN

DECIMAL NUMBER TO BINARY NUMBER

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start

Step 2: read a decimal number n

Step 3: repeat steps 4,5,6,7 until n>0

Step 4: set r:=n%2

Step 5: set num:=(num×10)+r

Step 6: set cnt:=cnt+1Step 7: set n:=n/2

Step 8: set n:=num

Step 9: repeat steps until cnt>0

Step 10: set r:=n mod10

Step 11: set bin:=(bin×10)+r

Step 12: set cnt=cnt-1

Step 13: set n:=n/10

Step 14: write ‘The binary number is’ bin

Step 15: Stop

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PROGRAM

/* Program to convert the given decimal number to binary

number */

#include

#include

void main()

{

long int n,num=0,bin=0,cnt=0,m;

int r;clrscr();

printf("\nEnter a number:");

scanf("%ld",&n);

m=n;

for(;n>0;n=n/2)

{

r=n%2;

num=(num*10)+r

cnt++;

}

for(n=num;cnt>0;n=n/10){

r=n%10;

bin=(bin*10)+r;

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cnt--;

}

printf("\nThe binary number of given decimal number %ld

is %ld",m,bin);

getch();

}

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LOOPING CONSTRUCTS-II

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT SUM OF N NATURAL

NUMBERS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: read n

Step 3: set i:=1,sum=0

Step 4: repeat steps 5,6,7 until i ≤n

Step 5: read numStep 6: set sum:=sum+num

Step 7: set i:=i+1

Step 8: write sum

Step 9: stop

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PROGRAM

/* Program to print sum of n natural numbers */

#include

#include

void main()

{

int n,i,sum=0,num;

clrscr();

printf("\nEnter value for n:");scanf("%d",&n);

i=1;

do

{

printf("\nEnter a number:");

scanf("%d",&num);

sum=sum+num;

i=i+1;

}while(i

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO GENERATE FIBONACCI

SERIES UP TO N NUMBERS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: read n

Step 3: set a:=0,b:=1

Step 4: write a and b

Step 5: set i:=1 repeat steps 6,7,8,9 until i

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printf("Fibonacci numbers upto %d\n",n);

printf("------------------------------\n");

printf("%d\t%f\t",a,b);

for(i=1;i

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT PRIME NUMBERS

BETWEEN 1 TO N NUMBERS

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start

Step 2: read n

Step 3: set i:=1

Step 4: repeat steps 5,6,7,8 until i ≤n

Step 5: set cnt:=0,j=1

Step 6: repeat steps i),ii) until j ≤i i).if i mod j=0

set cnt:=cnt+1

ii). set j:=j+1

Step 7: if cnt=2

write i

Step 8: set i:=i+1

Step 9: Stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to generate Fibonacci series up to n numbers */

#include

#includevoid main()

{

int n,i,j,cnt;

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clrscr();

printf("\nEnter value for n:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\nThe Prime Numbers from 1 to %d\n\n",n);

for(i=1;i

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT * IN EQUILATERAL

TRIANGLE

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start

Step 2: read n

Step 3: set i:=1,k:=1,j:=1

Step 4: repeat steps 5,6,7,8 until i ≤n

Step 5: repeat steps i),ii) until j ≤ n-i

i) write “ “;ii) Set j=j+1;

Step 6: repeat steps a),b) until k

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printf("Enter number of rows of the triangle \n");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT SUM OF FIRST N

NATURAL NUMBERS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start

Step 2: declare n, i, sum=0

Step 3: read n

Step 4: set i:=1

Step 5: calculate:

sum = sum + ii++

Step 6: repeat Step 5 until i

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PROGRAM

/* Program to find the sum of first N Natural Numbers */

#include

#include

void main()

{

int n,i,sum=0;

clrscr();

printf("\nEnter N value : ");scanf("%d", &n);

i=1;

do

{

sum = sum + i

i = i++;

}

while(i

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3. ARRAYS

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO REMOVE DUPLICATE

ELEMENTS IN THE GIVEN ARRAY

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Declare i,j,k,n,a[20],temp as Integer type

Step 3: read n

Step 4: set i:=0Step 5: read a[i] , set i:=i+1


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Step 13: write a[i] , set i:=i+1


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{

if(a[i]==a[j])

{

for(k=j;k

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO INSERT AN ELEMENT AT THE

SPECIFIED LOCATION OF THE ARRAY

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Declare i,j,n,a[20],ins,pos,flag=0 as Integer type

Step 3: read n

Step 4: set i:=0

Step 5: read a[i] , set i:=i+1


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Step 13: write a[i] , set i:=i+1


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printf("\nEnter which Element is u want to Insert:");

scanf("%d",&ins);

for(i=0;i=i;j--)

a[j+1]=a[j];a[i]=ins;

}

}

if(flag==1)

{

n=n+1;

}

else

printf("\n Array index out of size");

printf("\n\nElements after inserting an Element is:");

for(i=0;i

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO ARRANGE THE GIVEN

ELEMENTS IN THE ASCENDING ORDER

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare i,j,n,a[20],temp as Integer type

Step 3: read n

Step 4: set i:=0

Step 5: read a[i] , set i:=i+1


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PROGRAM

/*Program to arrange the given elements in the ascending order

*/

#include

#include

void main()

{

int i,j,n,a[20],temp;

clrscr();printf("\nEnter the Size of Array:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\nEnter the Elements of array:");

for(i=0;i

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temp=a[i];

a[i]=a[j];

a[j]=temp;

}

}

}

printf("\n\nAfter Sorting Elements are:");

for(i=0;i

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STRINGS

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PERFORM THE FOLLOWING

OPERATIONS WITH AND WITHOUT USING STRING

HANDLING FUNCTIONS

I. LENGTH OF THE STRING

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare and initialize a[10] as Character array and j=0,

l=0, i=0, opt as integersStep 3: read a

Step 4: repeat step 5, 6 until loop breaks

Step 5: read opt

Step 6: if opt==1 then

Write strlen(a)

Else if opt==2 then

(a) Repeat step (b) while a[i]!=’/0’

(b) Set j=j+1and i=i+1

(c) Write j

Else

Break;Step 7: stop

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PROGRAM

/* Program to find length of the string */

#include

#include

void main()

{

char a[10];

int j=0,l=0,i=0,opt;

clrscr();printf("\n Enter String:");

scanf("%s",a)

while(1)

{

printf("\n\n1.Using String Handling

Function\n2.Without using String Handling

Functions\n3.exit\nEnter your Option:");

scanf("%d",&opt);

if(opt==1)

{

l=strlen(a);printf("\n length of the string using Strlen()

:%d",l);

}

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else if(opt==2)

{

while(a[i]!='\0')

{

j++;

i++;

}

printf("\n Length of the given string is %d",l);

}else

break;

}

getch();

}

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REVERSE OF THE GIVEN STRING

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: declare and initialize a[10], b[10]as Character array and

l=0, i=0, opt as integers

Step 3: read a

Step 4: copy a into b

Step 5: repeat step 6,7 until loop breaks

Step 6: read optStep 7: if opt==1 then

Write strrev(b)

Else if opt==2 then

(d) i=strlen(a)

(e) repeat step (c) until i>0

(f) write a[i]

(g) i=i+1

Else

Break;

Step 8: stop

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PROGRAM

/* Program to reverse the string */

#include

#include

#include

void main()

{

char a[10],b[10];

int l=0,i=0,opt;clrscr();

printf("\n Enter String:");

scanf("%S",a);

strcpy(b,a);

while(1)

{




scanf("%d",&opt);

if(opt==1){

printf("\n Reverse of the string using Strrev()

:%s",strrev(b));

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}

else if(opt==2)

{

l=strlen(a);

printf("\n Reverse of the given string :");

for(i=l;i>=0;i--)

{

printf("%c",a[i]);

}}

else

break;

}

getch();

}

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CONCATENATE THE TWO STRINGS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: declare and initialize a[10], b[10], c[10] as Character

array and l=0, i=0, opt as integers

Step 3: read a,b


Step 5: read opt

Step 6: if opt==1 thenStrcpy(c,a)

strcat(c,b)

write c

Else if opt==2 then

(h) l=strlen(a)

(i) repeat step (c) until b[i]!=’\0’

(j) set c[l+i]=b[i]

(k) c[l+i]=’\0’

Else

Break;

Step 7: stop

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PROGRAM

/* Program to concatenate two strings */

#include

#include

#include

void main()

{

char a[10],b[10],c[10];

int l=0,i=0,opt;clrscr();

printf("\n Enter String1:");

scanf("%s",a);

printf("\n Enter String2:")

scanf("%s",b);

while(1)

{




scanf("%d",&opt);if(opt==1)

{

strcpy(c,a);

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COMPARE THE TWO STRINGS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: declare and initialize a[10], b[10], c[10] as Character

array and l=0, i=0, opt as integers

Step 3: read a,b


Step 5: read opt

Step 6: if opt==1 thenIf(Strcmp(a,b)==0) then

Write Strings are equal

Else

write Strings are not equal

Else if opt==2 then

(l) Set i=0

(m) repeat step (c) until a[i]!=b[i]

(n) if( a[i] ==’\0’ || b[i]=’\0’) then break loop

else set i++

(o) if( a[i] ==’\0’ && b[i]=’\0’) then

write strings are equalElse Strings are not equal

Else

Break;

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Step 7: stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to Compare to Strings */

#include

#include

#include

void main()

{

char a[10],b[10];int i=0,opt;

clrscr();

printf("\n Enter String1:")

scanf("%s",a);

printf("\n Enter String2:");

scanf("%s",b);

while(1)

{

printf("\n\n1.Using String Handling Function\n2.Without using

String Handling Functions\n3.exit\nEnter your Option:");

scanf("%d",&opt);if(opt==1)

{

if( strcmp(a,b) == 0 )

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printf("\nEntered strings are equal.\n");

else

printf("\nEntered strings are not equal.\n");

}

else if(opt==2)

{

while( a[i] == b[i] )

{if( a[i] == '\0' || b[i] == '\0' )

break;

i++;

}

if( a[i] == '\0' && b[i] == '\0' )

printf("\nEntered strings are equal.\n");

else

printf("\nEntered strings are not equal.\n");

}

else

break;}

getch();}

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CONCEPT OF USER DEFINED FUNCTIONS

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO SWAP THE TWO NUMBERS

USING CALL BY VALUE AND CALL BY REFERENCE

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: read x,y

Step 3: write x,y

Step 4: call swapvalue()Step 5: write x,y

Step 6: call swapreference()

Step 7: write x,y

Step 8: stop

void swapvalue(int,int)

Step 1: declare temp

Step 2: temp = b;

b = a;

a = temp;

step 3: write a,b

step 4: stopvoid swapreference(int*, int*)

Step 1: declare temp

Step 2: temp = *b;

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*b = *a;

*a = temp;

step 3: write *a,*b

step 4: stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to swap the two numbers using call by value and call

by reference */

#include

#includevoid swapreference(int*, int*);

void swapvalue(int,int);

void main()

{

int x, y;

printf("Enter the value of x and y\n")

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

printf("\n----Swap using Call By Value----");

printf("\n\nBefore Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);

swapvalue(x, y);

printf("\nAfter Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);printf("\n----Swap using Call By Reference----");

printf("\n\nBefore Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);

swapreference(&x, &y);

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printf("\nAfter Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);

getch();

}

void swapreference(int *a, int *b)

{

int temp;

temp = *b;

*b = *a;

*a = temp;printf("\nInside called Function\n");

printf ( "a = %d\nb = %d\n",*a,*b) ;

}

void swapvalue( int a, int b ) // x and y are formal

parameters

{

int t ;

t = a ;

a = b ;

b = t ;

printf("\nInside called Function\n");printf ( "a = %d\nb = %d\n", a, b) ;

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO FIND THE FACTORIAL OF

THE GIVEN NUMBER USING RECURSION

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare n, ft as integer variables

Step 3:read n

Step 4: call fact

ft=fact(n);

Step 5: write n,ftStep 6: stop

int fact(int)

Step 1: if (a==1) then

Return 1;

Else then

Call fact “return (a*fact(a-1))”

Step 2: stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to find the factorial of the given number using

recursion */#include

#include

void main()

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{

int n,ft;

int fact(int);

clrscr();

printf("\nEnter the value of n:");

scanf("%d",&n);

ft=fact(n);

printf(\n\n\tFactorial of %d = %d\n",n,ft);

getch();}

int fact(int a)

{

if(a==1)

return 1;

else

return a*fact(a-1);

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO FIND NCR USING FUNCTIONS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare n, r as integer variables and ncr as long

Step 3: Read n,r

Step 4: call find_ncr

ncr=find_ncr(n,r);

Step 5: write ncr

Step 6: stoplong find_ncr(int, int)

Step 1: declare result as long variable

Step 2: call fact

result=fact(n)/fact(r) *fact(n-r);

Step 3: return result

Step 4: stop

long fact(int)

Step 1: if (a==1) then

Return 1;

Else then

Call fact “return (a*fact(a-1))”Step 2: stop

PROGRAM

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/* Program to find ncr using functions */

#include

#include

long fact(int);

long find_ncr(int, int);

void main()

{

int n, r;

long ncr;clrscr();

printf("Enter the value of n and r\n);

scanf("%d%d",&n,&r);

ncr = find_ncr(n, r);

printf("\n\n\t%dC%d = %ld\n", n, r, ncr);

getch();

}

long find_ncr(int n, int r)

{

long result;

result = fact(n)/(fact(r)*fact(n-r));return result;

}

long fact(int n)

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{

if(n==1)

return 1;

else

return n*fact(n-1);

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO FIND MEAN AND STANDARD

DEVIATION OF A GIVEN SET OF NUMBERS (Define

functions for mean and standard deviation)

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare n as integer variables and m, x[10] as float

Step 3: read n

Step 4: set i=0;Step 5: read x[i], set i:=i+1;

Step 6: repeat step 5 unti i

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void sd(float m,float x[10],int n)

Step 1: declare sum=0 as float variable

Step 2: set i=0;

Step 3: Sum=sum+pow((x[i]-m),2), set i:=i+1;

Step 4: repeat step 3 unti i

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printf("\nEnter the value of N :");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d real numbers \n", n);

for (i = 0; i < n; i--)

{

scanf("%f", &x[i]);

}

m=mean(x,n);

sd(m,x,n);getch();

}

float mean(float x[],int n)

{

int i;

float sum=0

for (i=0;i

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{

float average, variance, std_deviation,sum=0;

/* Compute variance and standard deviation */

int i=0;

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

{

sum = sum + pow((x[i] - m), 2);

}

variance = sum/ (float)n;std_deviation = sqrt(variance);

//printf("variance of all elements = %.2f\n", variance);

printf("Standard deviation = %.2f\n", std_deviation);

}

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FILE HANDLING OPERATIONS

WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO COUNT NUMBER OF

CHARACTERS, SPACES, WORDS AND LINES IN GIVEN

FILE

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: declare noc, now, nol as integers , fr as FILE Pointers and

fname[20], ch as character variables

Step 3: set noc=0,now=0,nol=0Step 4: read fname

Step 5: open fname in read mode using fr pointer

fr=fopen(fname,”r”);

Step 6: if(fr==null) then

Write “error”

Exit(0);

Step 7: ch=fgetc(fr)

Step 8: repeat step 9 while (ch!=EOF)

Step 9: noc=noc+1;

If(ch==’ ‘) then

now=now+1;if(ch==’\n’) then

nol=nol+1;

now=now+1;

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ch=fgetc(fr)

Step 10: close file

fclose(fr);

Step 11: write now,noc,nol

Step 12: Stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to count number of characters, spaces, words and

lines in given file */

#include#include

void main()

{

int noc=0,now=0,nol=0;

FILE *fw,*fr;

char fname[20],ch;

clrscr();

printf("\n Enter the source file name:");

gets(fname);

fr=fopen(fname,"r");

if(fr==NULL){

printf("\n error \n");

exit(0);

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}

ch=fgetc(fr);

while(ch!=EOF)

{

noc+;

if(ch==' ');

now++;

if(ch=='\n')

{nol++;

now++;

}

ch=fgetc(fr);

}

fclose(fr);

printf("\n total no of character=%d",noc);

printf("\n total no of words=%d",now);

printf("\n total no of lines=%d",nol);

getch();

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO COPY THE CONTENT OF ONE

FILE INTO ANOTHER FILE USING COMMAND LINE

ARGUMENTS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: read argv[] from command prompt

Step 3: declare fs, ft as FILE pointers and ch as integer

Step 4: if(argc!=3) then

Write “Invalid no of arguments”Return 1

Step 5: Open file in read mode

fs=fopen(argv[1],”r”)

Step 6: if(fs==null) then

Write “Cant find source file”

Return 1

Step 7: Open file in write mode

ft=fopen(argv[2],”w”)

Step 8: if(ft==null) then

Write “Cant find target file”

Close source file: fclose(fs)Return 1

Step 9: Repeat step 12 until loop breaks

step 10: ch=fgetc(fs)

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if(feof(fs)) then break

fputc(ch,ft)

Step 11: fclose(fs)

fclose(ft)

Return 0

Step 12: Stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to copy the content of one file into another file usingcommand line arguments */

#include

#include

int main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

FILE fs,*ft;

int ch;

if(argc!=3)

{

printf("Invalide numbers of arguments.");

return 1;}

fs=fopen(argv[1],"r");

if(fs==NULL)

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{

printf("Can't find the source file.");

return 1;

}

ft=fopen(argv[2],"w");

if(ft==NULL)

{

printf("Can't open target file.");

fclose(fs);return 1;

}

while(1)

{

ch=fgetc(fs);

if (feof(fs)) break;

fputc(ch,ft);

}

fclose(fs);

fclose(ft);return 0;

}

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POINTERS

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT ARITHMETIC

OPERATIONS USING POINTERS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: declare: n1, n2 as integer data type and *x,*y as integer

type pointers

Step 3: read 2 numbers: n1, n2Step 4: Set x=&n1 and y=&n2

Write *x+*y

Write *x-*y

Write *x x *y

Write *x/*y

Write *x%*y

Step 5: stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to implement arithmetic operations using pointers */

#include /* printf() , scanf() functions */#include /* clrscr(), getch() */

void main()

{

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int n1,n2,*x,*y; /* 2 integer variables */

clrscr(); /* clears the screen */

printf("Enter 2 numbers : "); /* prints "Enter 2 numbers :

" on the screen */

printf("\n n1= ");

scanf("%d",&n1); /* reads an integer value to n1 */

printf("\n n2= ");

scanf("%d",&n2);

x=&n1;y=&n2; /* reads an integer value to n2 */

printf("\n Addition : %d + %d = %d ",*x,*y, x+y);

printf("\n Subtraction : %d - %d = %d ",*x,*y,*x-*y);

printf("\n Multiplication : %d * %d = %d ",*x,*y,*x**y);

printf("\n Division : %d / %d = %d ",*x,*y,*x/(*y));

printf("\n Modulus : %d %% %d = %d ",*x,*y,*x%*y);

getch();

}

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2) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO SORT NAMES IN ASCENDING

ORDER USING FUNCTIONS

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: read str

Step 3: set i=0

Step 4: repeat step 5 until i

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strcpy(x[i],t)

Step 6: stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to sort names in ascending order using functions */

#include

#include

#include

void main()

{char *x[20];

int i,n=0;

void reorder(int n,char *x[]);

clrscr();

printf("Enter no. of String : ")

scanf("%f",&n);

printf("\n");

for(i=0;i

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reorder(n,x);

printf("\nreorder list is : \n");

for(i=0;i

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1. USER DEFINED DATA TYPES

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO CREATE A NEW DATA TYPE

CALLED AS STUDENT (READ AND PRINT DETAILS OF

STUDENT)

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: declare Structure

Step 3: read sno, name, gen and marks using structure variable sStep 4: write sno, name, gen and marks

Step 5: stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to create a new data type called as student */

#include

#include

#include

struct Student

{

int sno;

char name[20],gen;float marks;

};

void main()

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{

struct Student s;

clrscr();

printf("\nEnter Student number : ");

scanf("%d",&s.sno);

printf("\nEnter Student name : ");

fflush(stdin);

gets(s.name);

printf(\nEnter gender : ");scanf("%c",&s.gen);

printf("\nEnter Marks : ");

scanf("%f",&s.marks);

clrscr()

printf("\t\t\t STUDENT DETAILS \n\n");

printf("\nStudent Number : %d",s.sno);

printf("\nStudnet Name : %s",s.name);

printf("\nGender : %c",s.gen);

printf("\nMarks : %.2f",s.marks);

getch();

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO PRINT DAYS IN A WEEK USINF

ENUMERATION

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: Declare enumerated operator days

Step 3: read num

Step 4: weekday=num

Step 5: call display(weekday)

Step 6: stopVoid Display(enum days weekday)

Step 1: switch(weekday)

Step 2: case '1': Write Monday

Step 3: case '2': Write Tuesday

Step 4: case '3': Write Wednesday

Step 5: case '4': Write Thursday

Step 6: case '5': Write Friday

Step 7: case '6': Write Saturday

Step 8: case '7': Write Sunday

Step 9: default: Invalid operation"

Step 10: Repeat the Steps 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 untilwhile(sign != 'Q' && sign != 'q')

Step 11: Sto

PROGRAM

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/* Program to print days in a week usinf enumeration */

#include

#include

enum days {

Monday=1, Tuesday, Wednesday,

Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday

} weekday;

void Display(enum days);

void main(void){

int num;

printf("Enter an integer for the day of the week. "

"Mon=1,...,Sun=7\n");

scanf("%d", &num);

weekday=num;

Display(weekday)

getch();

}

void Display(enum days weekday)

{switch (weekday)

{

case Monday:

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2. STRUCTURES

1) WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO READ NAME OF THE

STUDENT, ROLLNUMBER AND MARKS OBTAINED IN

SUBJECTS FROM KEYBOARD AND PRINT NAME OF

STUDENT, ROLLNUMBER, MARKS IN 3 SUBJECTS AND

TOTAL MARKS BY USING STRUCTURES CONCEPT

ALGORITHM

Step 1: startStep 2: declare Structure

Step 3: read sno, name, marks using structure variable s

Step 4: calculate total =s.m1+s.m2+s.m3

Step 5: write sno, name, marks and total

Step 6: stop

PROGRAM

/* Program to read name of the student, rollnumber and marks

obtained in subjects from keyboard and print name of student,

rollnumber, marks in 3 subjects and total marks by using

structures concept */

#include#include

#include

struct Student

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{

int sno;

char name[20];

float m1,m2,m3;

};

void main()

{

struct Student s;

clrscr();printf("\nEnter Student number : ");

scanf("%d",&s.sno);


fflush(stdin);

gets(s.name);

printf("\nEnter Marks in Subject 1: ");

scanf("%f",&s.m1);


scanf("%f",&s.m2);


scanf("%f",&s.m3);clrscr();

printf("\t\t\t STUDENT DETAILS \n\n");

printf("\nStudent Number : %d",s.sno);

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printf("\nStudnet Name : %s",s.name);

printf("\nMarks in Subject1 : %.2f",s.m1);



printf("\nTotal Marks : %.2f",s.m1+s.m2+s.m3);

getch();

}

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WRITE A C-PROGRAM TO READ NAME OF THE

STUDENT, ROLLNUMBER AND MARKS OBTAINED IN

SUBJECTS FROM KEYBOARD AND PRINT NAME OF

STUDENT, ROLLNUMBER, MARKS IN 3 SUBJECTS AND

TOTAL MARKS BY USING ARRAYS OF STRUCTURES

CONCEPT

ALGORITHM

Step 1: start

Step 2: declare StructureStep 3: read n

Step 4: set i=0

Step 5: repeat step 6 until i

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PROGRAM

/* Program to read name of the student, rollnumber and marks

obtained in subjects from keyboard and print name of student,

rollnumber, marks in 3 subjects and total marks by using arrays

of structures concept */

#include

#include

#include

struct Student{

int sno;

char name[20];

float m1,m2,m3;

};

void main()

{

struct Student s[10];

int n,i;

clrscr();

printf("Enter Number of Students:");scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=0;i

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printf("Enter Details of Student %d",i+1);

printf("\nEnter Student number : ");

scanf("%d",&s[i].sno);


fflush(stdin);

gets(s[i].name);


scanf("%f",&s[i].m1);

printf("\nEnter Marks in Subject 2: ");scanf("%f",&s[i].m2);


scanf("%f",&s[i].m3);

}

clrscr();

for(i=0;i

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printf("\nTotal Marks :

%.2f",s[i].m1+s[i].m2+s[i].m3);

}

getch();

}

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