Clusters and Cluster Policy in Europe Orjan Solvell

Clusters and Cluster Policy inEurope

Lisbon 2010: Challenges for EuropeanRegional Innovation Strategies

Pamplona 20-21 November 2008

Professor Örjan Sölvell

2

1.EU and Cluster Policy

2.Science – Innovation – Clusters

33.The European Cluster Observatorry

33

http://europa.eu/index_en.htm

4

http://europa.eu/index_en.htm

5

“The most dynamic and competitiveknowledge-

based economy in the world capable of

sustainable economic growth with moreand

better jobs and greater social cohesion,and

The Lisbon Strategy

6

Competitiveness

Enterprise &Industry

Clusters

EU and Clusters – Three PolicyAreas

Competitiveness

Regions

Clusters

Competitiveness

Research

Clusters

7

Critical Parts of the Lisbon Strategy:

•Research (ERA, 3% of GDP 2010, FP 7,European Research Council)

•Intellectual Property (EU Patent)•Competition (Internal market)•Public-private cooperation (European TechnologyPlatforms)•Innovation (EIT, Lead market, CIP)•Supporting SMEs

EU and Lisbon StrategyCompetitiveness

Innovation

Clusters

8

First meeting by DG Enterprise in Luxembourg in2003 – Focus on clusters

Several studies around the time of accession of EU-10 countries: Phase I = map clusters of EasternEurope, 2004/2005

Competitiveness

Innovation

Clusters

EEU and Clusters2003-

9

22.4. Promoting cooperation between stakeholdersBeing part of a cluster is an important competitive strength forbusiness. Clusters help toclose the gap between business, research and resources,thereby bringing knowledge faster tothe market. Successful clusters promote intense competitionalong with co-operation. Theyenhance productivity, attract investment, promote research,strengthen the industrial base, anddevelop specific products or services and become a focus fordeveloping skills. World-classclusters attract brilliant minds that sustain innovation – SiliconValley is the best-known example.

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSIONTO THE COUNCIL, THEEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEANECONOMIC AND SOCIALCOMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THEREGIONS

Putting knowledge into practice: A broad-based innovation strategy for the EU

Innovation Strategy2006

Innovation + Clusters = True

The Aho Report

10

Database part of Europe INNOVA/PROINNO/Cluster Alliance: Phase II = EuropeanCluster Observatory, 2007

Stockholm January 2008 (Chair:Slovenia/Sweden)

Sophia Antipolis November 2008 (Chair France)

Need for better informed policies – number ofcluster programs and cluster initiatives growingrapidly - European Cluster Memorandum 4 x 5Principles, 2008

New call in 20099-2012 under CIP: Phase III

EU and Clusters 2008CCentral to Lisbon Strategy

11

• Europe is not narrowing the innovationgap to the U.S.

• Innovation takes place in clusters.• Europe can build world-class clusters

througha) pushing the internal market,b) strengthening the generalenvironment for research andinnovationc) strengthen cluster programs andinitiativesd) and forming European-wideprograms for transnational clusterinteraction.

• Many EU initiatives have beenlaunched:DG Enterprise, DG Science, DG Regio,and

12

• Now we need an innovationand cluster strategy!

• We need better and deeperinformation through theCluster Observatory!

• And we need a Europeanhigh-level Advisory andMonitoring Group forInnovation and Clusters!

13

CCluster policy group

-AAround 20 peoplePolicy, industry, experts

-SSecretariat

EEuropean Cluster Observatory-NNew data and analysis-PPlatform for SMEs

CCluster Academy-Training of cluster

managers-Cert i f icat ion

CCluster Networks-EEnergy-EECO-innovation-BBiotech

EEuropean Cluster Alliance-IINNO-Net-TThink tank

-PPolicy learning-CContinue to promote the Memorandum

EU (DG Entr) and Clusters2009-

Cluster Construction – TopDown

EU

Nations

Regions

Local Communities

The EU RoleThe EU RolePolicy forClusters1. Single Market2. Trade3. Competition4. Science5. InnovationCluster Policy1. Inspire clusterinitiatives2. Fact-basedpolicy/evaluation3. Cluster networking4. Cluster managertraining5. Policy learning

15

Cluster Construction – Bottom-upOrganic Clusters Planned Cluster

Public bodies

Industry

Research andEducationOrg. for

collaboration

Clusterinitiatives

16

Cluster Initiatives

IIntelligent VehicleSafety Systems – IVSS:

SaabVolvoVolvo CarsScaniaVägverketScandinavian AutomotiveSuppliersInvest in Sweden AgencyVinnova

AAutomotiveCrash Research – SAFER:

Chalmers UniversityVinnovaAutomotive firms

Public-Private-Academic Organized Efforts:

1 . Human Resources2 . Cluster expansion3 . Commercial cooperation4 . Business development5 . Innovation & technology6 . Business environment

17Moskva City - ______-____Wall Street

Organic Clusters Planned Clusters

?

18

ClustersBalancing Evolutionary and Constructive Forces

19

1.EU and Clusters



20

Clusters = Innovation

R2 = 0.357

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 1 2 3 4

Region's cluster strength

Region'spatenting

level

Each region�s number of cluster stars (log) vs its number of patents (log), adjusting for country-level differences other than cluster strength.Source: The European Cluster Observatory

21

Clusters

SLACSLACStanforStanfordd

CupertinoCupertino

Palo AltoPalo AltoMenloMenloParkPark

Industry:• Buyers• Suppliers• Related industries• SMEs• Services

Industry:• Buyers• Suppliers•• SMEs• Services

Finance:• Banks• Venture Capital• Business angels

Finance:• Banks• Venture Capital• Business angels

Public bodies:Regional authorities

• AgenciesUniversity:• Colleges

Tech transfer offices• Laboratories

•

Public bodies:•Regional authorities

• AgenciesUniversity:• Colleges

Tech transfer offices• Laboratories

Organisations for Collaboration:Formal and informal networks

Trade associationsCluster organisations

Media

••

22

CERN and Geneva SLAC and Silicon Valley

CERNCERN GenevGenevaa SLACSLACStanfordStanford

CupertinoCupertino

Palo AltoPalo Alto

Menlo ParkMenlo Park

GenevGenevaa

PregnyPregny

GenthoGenthodd

AnnemasseAnnemasse

R&D R&DInnovation &

Clusters

+

2323

xxxx

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR):18 members (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czec

Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, North Korea, Poland, RomanSlovakia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam)

Founded 1956

8 laboratories and university centers

5,500 staff + 1,200 researchers (>1,000 PhDs)

Free Economic Zone:Registered 2,000 start-ups in 2 years – no international success so farNew state corporation for nano-technology (5.5 billion USD)

JINRJINR

JINR and Dubna

ScienceR&D

Innovationand Clusters

?

24

R&D andScience

Innovationand Clusters

CompetitiveFirms

Europe needs to shift focus fromR&D and Science to

Innovation and Clusters

25

1.EU and Clusters



26

Clust

erpolic

y

Clust

erpolic

y

Cluster data

Cluster data

Cluster

maps

Cluster

maps

Clust

erorg

anisa

tions

Clust

erorg

anisa

tions

European Cluster Observatorywww.clusterobservatory.eu

27

Statistical Cluster MappingStar Map

Clustermapping

Clusterpolicy

Clusterlibrary

Clusterorgs

28

Star ClustersSize

Specialisation

Focus

Out of ~ 10,000 potential clusters inEurope:

~ 1.300 One-star clusters

~ 500 Two-star clusters

29

Cluster Organisation MapClustermapping

Clusterpolicy

Clusterlibrary

Clusterorgs

30

Karlstad – Pulp and Paper

31

Cluster Organisation Table

Innovation and Clusters 32

Adding New Members….Clustermapping

Clusterpolicy

Clusterlibrary

Clusterorgs

Thank you!

www.clusterobservatory.eu

Clusters and Cluster Policy in Europe Orjan Solvell

Documents