Clupeid and Gadoid Fisheries Clupeids Sardines Herrings Anchovies Gadoids Haddock Hake Pollock Cod, Cod, Cod, and Cod
Dec 20, 2015
Clupeid and Gadoid Fisheries
Clupeids
Sardines
Herrings
Anchovies
GadoidsHaddock
Hake
Pollock
Cod, Cod, Cod, and Cod
Clupeid and Gadoid Fisheries
Clupeids
Sardines
Herrings
Anchovies
GadoidsHaddock
Hake
Pollock
Cod, Cod, Cod, and Cod
Clupeid and Gadoid Fisheries
Clupeids
Sardines
Herrings
Anchovies
GadoidsHaddock
Hake
Pollock
Cod, Cod, Cod, and Cod
Geographical distribution of the four subpopulations of Japanese pilchards and annual catch by region from 1972 to 1976. Numbers in circles are catch in thousands of tonnes.
Kuroshio Current
A. 1964-1971 Poor Nutrient SupplyC. 1971-1975 Excellent Nutrient SupplyB. 1975 -1977 Adequate Nutrient Supply
Commercial catch, recruitment of 3-year old fish, and spawning biomass of Norwegian spring spawning herring.
Percentage contribution of year classes of Norwegian spring spawn herring to the adult stock from 1954 through 1962. The very good year class of 1950 began first appearing in significant numbers in 1954 and dominated the adult stock throughout this period.
(A) Catch of North Sea herring and (B) spawning stock biomass of the autumn spawning herring. The dashed line in panel B is the target spawning stock of 1.3 Mt recommended by the ICES.
Drum seining was developed mainly for small vessels fishing for salmon in river estuaries, bays and creeks on the coast of British Columbia and Alaska. These seiners have usually the bridge and accommodation placed forward. Echo-sounder and sonar are used to locate schools of target species. Drum and a seine skiff are used during the fishing operations. The drum is mounted on the stern of the vessel. Vessels fitted with drums range from 19 to 22 m in length.
Harvest of sexually immature fish
Over capitalization
Habitat destruction
Recruitment overfishing
Closure of fishery
Japanese pilchards
Norwegian spring-spawning herring
Canadian Pacific herring
Canadian Atlantic cod
N. Sea cod
N. Sea herring
A Couple of Success Stories:Thank Cod!
Iceland
Background
Expanding EEZs
Cod Wars!
Diversification
AlaskaBackground
Pollock
Lessons Learned?
Iceland
Recent History
A Poor Colony Until WWII
Independence from Denmark
Application of Technology to Fishing
Marine Resources as Step to the Future
Iceland
Expansion of Icelandic EEZ
1832: “EEZs” set at 3 miles
1950: Iceland claims 4 miles
1958: Iceland claims 12 miles
1972: Iceland claims 50 miles
1975: Iceland claims 200 miles
Iceland
Cod Wars!
1958: Great Britain - 37 Royal Navy Ships
Iceland - 7 Coast Guard Ships
1972: Iceland vs. Britain and Germany
Trawl-cutting, Ramming, Shots
1975: More of the same
“The English are our best enemies”
“You’ll go to a 200-mile EEZ soon, and we Icelanders will advise you on how to do it.”
Iceland
Diversification
Expanding EEZ not done simply for the cod
Exploitation of the resource a step to the
future
Development of geothermal resources
Development of biotechnology
Development of a very high standard of living
Alaska Pollock
Timeline:
1970s - 1980s - Mostly Foreign Fleets
1976 - US 200-mile EEZ established
1978 - Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Management Plan
1988 - US Fishing and Processing Capacity
Adequate to Phase Out Foreign Fleets
Cod and the 200-Mile EEZ
Canada - Cod as the only resource, fishing seen as the employer of (first and) last resort
Iceland - Cod as a primary resource, fishing seen as of vital national importance in a larger context
Alaska - Learned the lessons of both?
Here’s Something to Worry About
Clupeids and Gadoids are
r-selected species.
What happens when we exploit
K-selected populations?
Some Resources
Fisheries Mismanagement: The Case of the North Atlantic Cod
Rognvaldur Hannesson, 1996
Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World
Mark Kurlansky, 1997