1 Cloud-resolving simulation of TOGA-COARE using parameterized large- scale dynamics Shuguang Wang 1 , Adam H. Sobel 2 , and Zhiming Kuang 3 -------------- Shuguang Wang, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 ([email protected]) Adam H. Sobel, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 1 Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA 2 Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA. 3 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Revised for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research May, 2013
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Cloud-resolving simulation of TOGA-COARE using parameterized large-scale dynamics
Shuguang Wang1, Adam H. Sobel2, and Zhiming Kuang3
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Shuguang Wang, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics,
over the troposphere), including short-wave, long-wave and the net tropospheric heating, 462
from the Imposed-W experiment and from the ISCCP dataset. Except for the first 10 days, 463
model simulated radiative fluxes agree with ISCCP quite well in both time variability and 464
time mean. Daily mean net tropospheric radiative heating is -87.6 W/m2 from the ISCCP 465
and -85.8 W/m2 from the model. 466
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Table 1. Basic statistics of daily rainfall from all the Damped-wave and WTG 576 experiments. Columns 2, 3 and 4 are mean (mm/d) and standard deviation, lag 1 577 autocorrelation, and correlation coefficient with budget derived daily rainfall for all the 578 Damped-Wave experiments. Columns 5, 6 and 7 are the same as Columns 2, 3 and 4, but 579 for all the WTG experiments. Column 2 and 3 can be compared to budgeted derived 580 rainfall, which has mean 8.42 mm/day, standard deviation 8.33 mm/day, and Lag 1 581 autocorrelation coefficient 0.36. Correlation coefficients are all statistically significant at 582 the 95% confidence level. 583
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Damped-Wave experiments WTG experiments (with a correction)
Mean/Std Lag1 Rxy Mean/Std Lag1 Rxy
All Forcings 9.77/10.53 0.70 0.52 8.20/8.26 0.89 0.46
Figure 1. Budget-derived daily rainfall (black) and model simulated rainfall (blue) for (a) 589 the Imposed-W experiment, (b) the WTG experiment, (c) as (b) but with a correction θc 590 to the target temperature profile so that its time mean equals that from an experiment with 591 no large-scale circulation, (d) the Damped-wave experiment, (e) as (d) but with θc. Bold 592 values of correlation coefficient, r, indicate that it is statistically significant at the 95% 593 level. 594 595
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597
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Figure 2. (a) Autocorrelation of daily rainfall from observation (black), the Damped-599 wave (blue) and WTG (red) experiments. (b) Lagged correlation coefficient of daily 600 rainfall between observation and model results for the Damped-wave (blue) and the WTG 601 (gray) experiments. Positive lag in (b) means the model lags the observations. 602 603
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604
Figure 3. Daily mean surface evaporation from COARE (black curves) and model 605 simulations (blue) for (a) the Imposed-W experiment, (b) the WTG experiment, (c) as (b) 606 but with a correction θc to the target temperature profile so that its time mean equals that 607 from an experiment with no large-scale circulation, (d) the Damped-wave experiment, (e) 608 as (d) but with θc. 609
610
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Figure 4. Large-scale vertical motion as a function of time and height for (a) the 612 observations (and Imposed-W experiment), (b) the WTG experiment, and (c) the 613 Damped-wave experiment. 614
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Figure 5. Time averaged vertical velocity profiles from COARE (red), the WTG 617 experiment (black), and the Damped-wave experiment (blue). 618
619
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Figure 6. Daily rainfall from the experiments in which one time-varying forcing at a time 621 is replaced by its time-mean. Blue and black curves denote model results and budget-622 derived rain rate. Dashed curves indicate the full simulations shown in Figure 1 c and d. 623 (a)-(e): Damped-wave sensitivity experiments with winds, radiation, free tropospheric 624 temperature, SST, and both SST and winds replaced by their time-mean values, 625 respectively. (f)-(j): as in (a)-(e), but for WTG experiments. Bold values of correlation 626 coefficient, r, indicate that it is statistically significant at the 95% level. 627
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Figure 7. The same as Fig. 6, but for surface evaporation. Dashed curves indicate the full 629 simulations shown in Figure 3 c and d. 630 631
632
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Figure 8. Sensitivity to the wavenumber k in equation (2) for the Damped-wave 634 experiments. Left column: daily rainfall. Right column: 6-hourly rainfall. Mean rainfall 635 and correlation coefficient between model-simulated rainfall and budget-derived value. 636 Note that bold values of correlation coefficient, r, indicate that it is statistically 637 significant at the 95% level. 638
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640
641
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Figure 9. Sensitivity to time scale τ = 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours in the WTG experiments. 643 Left column: daily rainfall. Right column: 6-hourly rainfall. Mean rainfall and correlation 644 coefficient between model-simulated rainfall and budget-derived value. Note that bold 645 values of correlation coefficient, r, indicate that it is statistically significant at the 95% 646 level. 647
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Figure A1. Net tropospheric radiative heating from the Imposed-W experiment and from 650 the ISCCP dataset. From the top to bottom: daily mean of net short wave heating, net 651 long wave heating, and net radiative heating. 652