Cloud Computing

CLOUD COMPUTING

A New Era Towards Future Technology

Agenda

Cloud Computing – General overviewWhat is cloud?Evolution &Market Drivers

Service types in detailsGetting Started in the CloudPros & Cons

Dr.K.L.Baishnab,Asst.Prof,NITS 05/03/23

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Cloud ComputingGeneral Overview


What is Cloud Computing

4Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance

• Shared pool of configurable computing resources• On-demand network access• Provisioned by the Service Provider

Cloud Service Models

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Software as a Service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Google App Engine

SalesForce CRMLotusLive

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance

http://aws.amazon.com/

http://www.rackspace.com/index.php

History Concept evolved in 1950(IBM) called RJE

(Remote Job Entry Process). In 2006 Amazon provided First public

cloud AWS(Amazon Web Service).

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Cloud Computing-Definition "Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared

resource, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like the electricity grid.” --

“Cloud computing, often referred to as simply ‘the cloud’, is the delivery of on-demand computing resources, everything from applications to data centres over the Internet on a pay-for-use basis.” --

“Cloud computing is a new approach that reduces IT complexity by leveraging the efficient pooling of on-demand, self-managed virtual infrastructure, consumed as a service” --


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Cloud Computing-Definition A standardised IT capability (services, software or

infrastructure) delivered via internet technologies in a pay-per-use, self-service way --

Cloud services are shared services, under virtualised management, accessible over the internet --

A style of computing where massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided “as a service” using internet technologies to multiple external customers --


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Cloud Computing Example

Eg: Yahoo!, GMail, Hotmail-

Instead of running an e-mail program on your computer, you log in to a Web e-mail account remotely. The software and storage for your account doesn't exist on your computer -- it's on the service's computer cloud.


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Cloud Computing Example

American multinational Computer Technology Company Dell is currently working on a project called “Ophelia”, a potentially game changing device that is essentially a virtual computer that can be accessed anywhere. Project Ophelia would allow a user to access their own computer and its applications on any connected devices.


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Why cloud computing? Cont…

Traditional Software Vs Cloud computing


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Dynamic- One of the keys to cloud computing is on-demand provisioning

Massively scalable- The service must react immediately to your needs

Multi-tenant- Cloud computing, by its nature, delivers shared services

Self-service - As a user, you can use the service as you requireDr.K.L.Baishnab,Asst.Prof,NITS 05/03/23


Per-usage based pricing model - You should only ever pay for the amount of service you consume

IP-based architecture - Cloud architectures are based on virtualised, internet based technologies


Traditional Infrastructure Model

Forecasted Infrastructure Demand

Time

Capital


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Acceptable SurplusForecasted Infrastructure Demand

Surplus

Time

Capital


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Actual Infrastructure Demand

Time

Capital


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Unacceptable Surplus

Surplus

Time

Capital


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Unacceptable Deficit

Deficit

Time

Capital


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Utility Infrastructure Model

Actual Infrastructure Demand

Time

Capital


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Trends of Clud Computing20

Lets switch to Cloud So Now, it is Time For Every

Organizations to Concentrate on Providing Pro-active Services and Move From General Service to Personalize Information Services to the Users for the Benefit of Academic Community rather than Hunting for Technology to Deliver the Services.


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Cloud Computing Market Leaders, 2015

Challengers Leaders

Niche Players Visionaries

Source: http://www.webopedia.com

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Some Commercial Cloud Offerings


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Microsoft’s Cloud Platform

Global Foundation Services

Cloud Infrastructure Services

Building Block Services

Finished Services & Solutions

Dev Tools

Dr.K.L.Baishnab,Asst.Prof,NITS 05/03/23 24

Cloud ComputingTechnical Overview


Cloud Service

05/03/23 Dr.K.L.Baishnab,Asst.Prof,NITS

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What is Software as a Service? (SaaS)

SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides licensed multi-tenant access to software and its functions remotely as a Web-based service.

Usually billed based on usage Usually multi tenant environment Highly scalable architecture


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SaaS Examples


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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an on demand scalable service

Usually billed based on usage Usually multi tenant virtualized

environment Can be coupled with Managed Services

for OS and application supportDr.K.L.Baishnab,Asst.Prof,NITS 05/03/23

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Example of IAAS Providers Amazon Cloud Formation Amazon Ec2 Windows Azure Virtual Machines DynDNS Google Compute Engine HP Cloud Iland Joyent Rackspace Cloud Ready Space Cloud Services Terremark and NaviSite.


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Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services entirely from the Internet.

Typically applications must be developed with a particular platform in mind

Multi tenant environments Highly scalable multi tier architecture


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PaaS Examples


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05/03/23Dr.K.L.Baishnab,Asst.Prof,NITS

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Virtual Machines• VM technology allows multiple virtual

machines to run on a single physical machine.

Hardware

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor

Guest OS(Linux)

Guest OS(NetBSD)

Guest OS(Windows)

VM VM VM

AppApp AppAppAppXenVMWareUMLDenalietc.

Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical performance!

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Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

• Unlimited Storage.• Pay for what you use:

– $0.20 per GByte of data transferred,– $0.15 per GByte-Month for storage used,– Second Life Update:

• 1TBytes, 40,000 downloads in 24 hours - $200,

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Cloud Storage• Several large Web companies are now exploiting the

fact that they have data storage capacity that can be hired out to others. – allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on

desktop computers, mobile phones or other Internet-linked devices.

• Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Solution (S3) are well known examples– Mechanical Turk

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Utility Computing – EC2• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2):

– Elastic, marshal 1 to 100+ PCs via WS,– Machine Specs…,– Fairly cheap!

• Powered by Xen – a Virtual Machine:– Different from Vmware and VPC as uses “para-virtualization” where

the guest OS is modified to use special hyper-calls:– Hardware contributions by Intel (VT-x/Vanderpool) and AMD (AMD-V).– Supports “Live Migration” of a virtual machine between hosts.

• Linux, Windows, OpenSolaris• Management Console/AP

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Opportunities and Challenges• The use of the cloud provides a number of

opportunities: – It enables services to be used without any understanding

of their infrastructure.– Cloud computing works using economies of scale:

• It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies, as they would no longer need to buy their own software or servers.

• Cost would be by on-demand pricing. • Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an

ongoing revenue stream.

– Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from “anywhere”.

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Opportunities and Challenges• In parallel there has been backlash against cloud computing:

– Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:

• The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM, who may monopolise the market.

• Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.

– Security could prove to be a big issue:• It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services

ownership of data is not always clear.– There are also issues relating to policy and access:

• If your data is stored abroad whose policy do you adhere to? • What happens if the remote server goes down? • How will you then access files? • There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing access to

data.

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Advantages of Cloud Computing

• Lower computer costs: – You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to

run cloud computing's web-based applications. – Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC,

your desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by traditional desktop software.

– When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient processor...

– In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD drive, as no software programs have to be loaded and no document files need to be saved.

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• Improved performance:– With few large programs hogging your computer's memory,

you will see better performance from your PC. – Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster

because they have fewer programs and processes loaded into memory…

• Reduced software costs: – Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you

can get most of what you need for free-ish!• most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite.

– better than paying for similar commercial software• which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.

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Advantages of Cloud Computing• Instant software updates:

– Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.

– When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically • available the next time you log into the cloud.

– When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version • without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

• Improved document format compatibility. – You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your

machine being compatible with other users' applications or OSes– There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is

sharing documents and applications in the cloud.

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Advantages of Cloud Computing• Unlimited storage capacity:

– Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage. – Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small compared to

the hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.

• Increased data reliability:– Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and

destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of your data.

• if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in the cloud, still accessible

– In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on a regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform!

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• Universal document access:– That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do

not take your documents with you. – Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them

whenever you have a computer and an Internet connection– Documents are instantly available from wherever you are

• Latest version availability:– When you edit a document at home, that edited version is

what you see when you access the document at work. – The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents

• as long as you are connected, you are not in danger of having an outdated version

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• Easier group collaboration:– Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.– Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud

computing• multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects

• Device independence. – You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network. – Changes to computers, applications and documents follow

you through the cloud. – Move to a portable device, and your applications and

documents are still available.

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Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

• Requires a constant Internet connection:– Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the

Internet. – Since you use the Internet to connect to both your

applications and documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot access anything, even your own documents.

– A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.

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Cloud Deployment Models

Private Public

Combination

Hybrid

Internal IT External Provider


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Deployment Models cont…

Public cloudPublic cloud (off-site and remote) describes cloud computing where resources are dynamically provisioned on an on-demand, self-service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, open API, from a third-party provider who bills on a utility computing basis.


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Private cloudA private cloud environment is often the first step for a corporation prior to adopting a public cloud initiative. Corporations have discovered the benefits of consolidating shared services on virtualized hardware deployed from a primary datacenter to serve local and remote users.


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Hybrid cloudA hybrid cloud environment consists of some portion of computing resources on-site (on premise) and off-site (public cloud). By integrating public cloud services, users can leverage cloud solutions for specific functions that are too costly to maintain on-premise such as virtual server disaster recovery, backups and test/development environments.


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Community cloudA community cloud is formed when several organizations with similar requirements share common infrastructure. Costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud but more than a single tenant.


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ReliabilityLack of Contro

l

Lock -inSecurity

Scale & Cost

Next Generation

Architecture

Choice &Agility

Encapsulated Change

Management

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The Future• Many of the activities loosely grouped together under cloud

computing have already been happening and centralised computing activity is not a new phenomena

• Grid Computing was the last research-led centralised approach

• However there are concerns that the mainstream adoption of cloud computing could cause many problems for users

• Many new open source systems appearing that you can install and run on your local cluster– should be able to run a variety of applications on these systems

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ConclusionCloud Computing is outpacing the IT industryReal business value can be realized by customers of all sizesCloud solutions are simple to acquire, don’t require long term contracts and are easier to scale up and down as neededProper planning and migration services are needed to ensure a successful implementationPublic and Private Clouds can be deployed together to leverage the best of bothThird party monitoring services ensure customer are getting the most out of their cloud environmentSecurity Compliance and Monitoring is achievable with careful planning and analysis


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THE END

Cloud Computing

Education