Cloud Computing

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R. Rakesh Kashyap (0925924)2nd Semester MCAApr 10, 2023

Outl ine

What is Cloud Computing ? History VIRTUALIZATION Why Cloud Computing? Service Providers of Cloud Computing Services Provided by Cloud Computing Cloud Architecture Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing

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Defi ni t ions

…moving computing and data away from the desktop and the portable PC and simply displaying the results of computing that takes place in a centralized location and is then transmitted via internet to user’s screen.

- John Markoff(NY Times Blog)

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Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet.

-whatis.com

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It is a paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc.

-IEEE

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…the idea of relying on Web-based application and storing data in the “CLOUD” of the internet.

-MIT Technology Review

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It is a paradigm shift whereby details are abstracted from the users who no longer need knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the CLOUD" that supports them.

-Wikipedia

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It starts with the premise that the data services and architecture should be on the servers. We call it Cloud Computing – they should be in a “CLOUD” somewhere.

-Eric Schmidt (Chairman/CEO of Google Inc)

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In layman’s language…Simple explanation with an example…

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In June 2009, a study conducted by

VersionOne found that 41% of senior IT professionals actually don't know what cloud computing is and two-thirds of senior finance professionals are confused by the concept, highlighting the young nature of the technology.

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“Cloud” is simply a metaphor for the internet

Users do not have or need knowledge, control, ownership in the computer infrastructure

Users simply rent or access the software, paying only for what they use

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History of Cloud Computing

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Concept dating back to the 1960’s by John McCarthy, a computer scientist, brought up the idea that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility”

Idea that revolutionized Cloud Computing:– Utility computing– Grid computing

“In some ways, the cloud is a natural next step from the grid-utility model,” said Frank Gens, an analyst at the research firm IDC

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Vi r tua l i zat ion

A software implementation of a machine that executes programs like a real machine.

Virtualization is “something which is not REAL, but displays the full qualities of the REAL”.

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Ty p i c a l S e r v e r S p e c s :

IBM System x3950 M2

Processor : Intel Xeon Processor 7400 series up to 2.66 GHz (six cores)/1066 MHz

front-side busCache (max) Up to 16 MBMemory (max) 4 GB or 8 GB/256 GB max PC2-5300 DDR IIMaximum internal storage 587 GBPower supply (std/max) 1440W 220V 2/2Warranty 3-year customer replaceable unit

and onsite limited warranty

COST US $17,642.04Around 9lakhs INR

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HYPERVISOR is the SUPERVISOR

•Hardware layer•Software layer

W h a t i s i t ? ? ?

Wa y s t o i m p l e m e n t i t ? ? ?

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Pros o f us ing V i r tua l i za t ion

•Server Consolidation•Testing and development•Dynamic Load Balancing•Disaster Recovery•Virtual Desktops•Reduction in cost of infrastructure•Reduce power utilization cost (GREEN COMPUTING)•Virtualization – The Cloud Computing Enabler

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Cons o f us ing V i r tua l i za t ion

•Magnified physical failures•Degraded performance•New skills•Complex root cause analysis•New management tools•Virtual machine sprawl

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Back to main line

W h y C l o u d C o m p u t i n g ?

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The “Super Computer” in the Sky

Two ways of building a “super computer” with enough power that users can plug into according to their needs at a particular time:

–Blue Gene Approach–Google's Approach

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Major Service Providers of Cloud

Computing

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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud “Amazon EC2”– web service interface that provides resizable

computing capacity in a cloud – designed to make web-scale computing easier

for developers– reduces the time required to obtain and boot

new server space from weeks to minutes– allows developers to pay only for capacity that

they actually use

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“Google 101”– Network made up of millions of cheap servers,

that would store staggering amounts of data, including numerous copies of the world wide web

– Makes search faster, helping ferret out answers to billions of queries in a fraction of a second

Google invests more than $2 billion a year in data centers for cloud computing.

Google App Engine

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•Salesforce.com was found in 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff as a company specializing in SaaS software.•They are best known for their Customer Relationship Management (CRM) products, which it delivers to businesses over the internet using the SaaS model.•SaaS•Force.com Platform•Web Services

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“Azure”– Internet-scale cloud computing and services

platform hosted in Microsoft data centers– Provides a range of functionality to build

applications that span from consumer web to enterprise scenarios

– Designed to help developers quickly and easily create, deploy, manage, and distribute web services and applications on the internet.

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• IBM are developing cloud computing applications for the everyday user called CloudBurst.

• IBM also offers “private” cloud computing services using IBM blue services software.– Instead of putting information out

on the internet it makes the companies data center into its own cloud. This cloud is blocked off from the internet using firewalls.

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Scalable Pricing in Cloud Computing

Models of Pricing Free Subscription Model Pay Per Use Enterprise Unlimited License

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Cost of using Cloud infrastructure Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud pricing

On-Demand InstancesLinux/UNIX Windows

Small (Default) $0.085 per hour $0.12 per hour

Large $0.34 per hour $0.48 per hour

Extra Large $0.68 per hour $0.96 per hour

Data transfer Cost Data Transfer IN $0.10 per GB Data Transfer OUT

First 10 TB per Month $0.17 per GB Next 40 TB per Month $0.13 per GB Next 100TB per Month $0.11 per GB Over 150 TB per Month $0.10 per GB

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Services Provided by Cloud Computing

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Software as a Service

Defined as service-on-demand, where a provider will license software tailored

Infrastructure providers can allow customers’ to run applications off their infrastructure, but transparent to the end user Customers can utilize greater computing power

while saving on the following– Cost– Space– Power Consumption– Facility

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Platform as a Service

Provides all the facilities necessary to support the complete process of building and delivering web applications and services, all available over the internet

Infrastructure providers can transparently alter the platforms for their customers’ unique needs

Google App Engine, Heroku, Mosso, Engine Yard, Joyent or force.com (SalesForce platform) are few of the examples of service providers.

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Infrastructure as a Service

Defined as delivery of computer infrastructure as a service Fully outsourced service so businesses do not have to

purchase servers, software or equipment

Infrastructure providers can dynamically allocate resources for service providers Service providers offer this service to end users Allows cost savings for the service providers, since they

do not need to operate their own datacenter Ad hoc systems allow quick customization to consumer

demands Amazon’s EC2, GoGrid, RightScale and Linode are few of the

examples of service providers.

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Wide Spectrum of Usage

BitTorrent Skype Groove LinkedIn SecondLife YouTube Qualys Google Microsoft Forums

Blog‐space Website Hosting VPS FaceBook WebEx Yahoo

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Cloud Architecture

Public Clouds Private Clouds Hybrid Clouds

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Public Clouds

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Private Clouds

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Hybrid Clouds

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Key properties of Cloud Computing

User Centric Task-Centric Powerful Accessible Programmable

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Cloud Comput ing Pros

Reduced Hardware equipment for end users Improved Performance Lower Hardware and Software Maintenance Instant Software Updates Accessibility Less Expensive Better Collaboration Pay for what you use Flexible Need not invest on multiple licensing

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Cloud Computing Cons

Security Issues (#1 concern)

Internet connection

Too many platforms

Location of Servers

Time for Transition

Speed

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Real time applications

1. Quote NY Times example2. Starbucks Example(mystarbucks.com)3. U.S. Army Example (goarmy.com)4. Playfish (social gaming)5. DigitalChalk (educational site)6. Livemocha 7. Second Life (virtual game)

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