Cloud Computing

24/9/2009 1Software Freedom Day - 2009

Cloud Computing Fundamentals


Cluster ComputingCloud ComputingGrid Computing

The hype



DEFINITIONS


.. moving computing and data away from the desktop and the portable PC and simply displaying the results of computing that takes place in a centralized location and is then transmitted via the internet on the user's screen ..

- John Makroff

.. a computing paradigm shift where computing is moved away from personal computers or an individual application server to a "cloud" of computers ..

- Wikipedia

.. the idea of relying on Web-based applications and storing data in the "cloud" of the internet ..

- MIT Technology Review

.. the cloud is a smart, complex, powerful computing system in the sky that people can just plug into ..

- Marc Andreessen

DEFINITIONS


Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT’s existing capabilities.


• Common, Location-independent, Online Utility on Demand– Common implies multi-tenancy, not single or isolated tenancy – Utility implies pay-for-use pricing– on Demand implies ~infinite, ~immediate, ~invisible scalability

• Alternatively, a “Zero-One-Infinity” definition: 0 On-premise infrastructure

Acquisition costAdoption costSupport cost

1 Coherent and resilient environment – not a brittle “software stack” Scalability in response to changing need

Integrability/Interoperability with legacy assets and other servicesCustomizability/Programmability from data, through logic, up into theuser interface without compromising robust multi-tenancy


The on-demand, self-service, pay-by-use model

Infrastructure is programmable

Applications are composed and are built to be composable

Services are delivered over the network


Cloud Computing Infrastructure Models


DEPLOYMENT MODELS

Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud

Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications from different customers are likely to be mixed together on the cloud’s servers, storage systems, and networks. Public clouds are most often hosted away from customer premises, and they provide a way to reduce customer risk and cost by providing a flexible, even temporary extension to enterprise infrastructure.


DEPLOYMENT MODELS


Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one client, providing the utmost control over data, security, and quality of service. The company owns the infrastructure and has control over how applications are deployed on it. Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise datacenter, and they also may be deployed at a co-location facility.


DEPLOYMENT MODELS


Hybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud models. They can help to provide on-demand, externally provisioned scale. The ability to augment a private cloud with the resources of a public cloud can be used to maintain service levels in the face of rapid workload fluctuations. A hybrid cloud also can be used to handle planned workload spikes. Sometimes called “surge computing,” a public cloud can be used to perform periodic tasks that can be deployed easily on a public cloud.


Architectural Layers of Cloud Computing


Software as a service (SaaS)

Software as a service features a complete application offered as a service on demand. A single instance of the software runs on the cloud and services multiple end users or client organizations.


Software as a service (SaaS)


Platform as a service (PaaS)

Platform as a service encapsulates a layer of software and provides it as a service that can be used to build higher-level services.

Someone producing PaaS might produce a platform by integrating an OS, middleware, application software, and even a development environment that is then provided to a customer as a service

Someone using PaaS would see an encapsulated service that is presented to them through an API. The customer interacts with the platform through the API, and the platform does what is necessary to manage and scale itself to provide a given level of service.


Platform as a service (PaaS)


Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a service delivers basic storage and compute capabilities as standardized services over the network. Servers, storage systems, switches, routers, and other systems are pooled and made available to handle workloads that range from application components to high-performance computing applications.


Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)


Cloud Infrastructure

IaaS

PaaS

SaaS

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Architectures

Platform as a Service (PaaS)Architectures

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Architectures


SaaS


PaaS

SaaS


IaaS

PaaS


PaaS


IaaS


SINGLE TENANT vs. MULTI-TENANT ARCHITECTURE

ServerOS

DatabaseApp Server

StorageNetwork

App 1

ServerOS

DatabaseApp Server

StorageNetwork

App 2

ServerOS

DatabaseApp Server

StorageNetwork

App 3

Other apps

Shared infrastructure

Single tenancy gives each customer a dedicated software stack – and each layer in each stack still requires configuration, monitoring, upgrades, security updates, patches, tuning and disaster recovery.

On a multi-tenant platform, all applications run in a single logical environment: faster, more secure, more available, automatically upgraded and maintained. Any improvement appears to all customers at once.


Cloud computing often leverages:

Massive scale

Virtualization

Non-stop computing

Free software

Geographic distribution

Service oriented software

Autonomic computing

Advanced security technologies

CLOUD COMPUTING CHARACTERISTICS


Purchase softwarePurchase hardwareFind space in data centerCreate migration planSetup development & testConfigure systemsConfigure databasesConfigure networks

more…

TRADITIONAL SOFTWARE PURCHASE

CLOUD COMPUTING – THE EASY WAY

Get a login


Reduce run time and response timeFor applications that use the cloud essentially for running batch jobs, cloud computing makes it straightforward to use 1000 servers to

accomplish a task in 1/1000 the time that a single server would require

Minimize infrastructure riskWhen pushing an application out to the cloud, scalability and the risk of purchasing too much or too little infrastructure becomes the cloud

provider’s issue

Lower cost of entryBecause infrastructure is rented, not purchased, the cost is controlled, and the capital investment can be zero.

Increased pace of innovationThe low cost of entry to new markets helps to level the playing field,

allowing start-up companies to deploy new products quickly and at low cost.

CLOUD COMPUTING BENEFITS


Scalability

Availability

Reliability

Security

Flexibility and agility

Serviceability

Efficiency

GOALS OF CLOUD COMPUTING


IS THIS GRID COMPUTING ?


A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely so that in many respects they form a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and/or availability over that of a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or availability

High-availability (HA) clustersLoad-balancing clustersCompute clusters

CLUSTERS


Grid computing (or the use of computational grids) is the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains applied to a common task, usually to a scientific, technical or business problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or the need to process large amounts of data.

One of the main strategies of grid computing is using software to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers, sometimes up to many thousands. Grid computing is distributed, large-scale cluster computing, as well as a form of network-distributed parallel processing

GRID COMPUTING


Grid computing has been used in environments where users make few but large allocation requests

Cloud computing really is about lots of small allocation requests.

CLOUD COMPUTING vs. GRID COMPUTING


Grid computing has been used in environments where users make few but large allocation requests

Cloud computing really is about lots of small allocation requests.

CLOUD COMPUTING vs. GRID COMPUTING


Stored data might not be secure: With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud. How secure is the cloud? Can unauthorized users gain access to your confidential data? Cloud computing companies say that data is secure, but it's too early in the game to be completely sure of that.

Dependent on internet connection: Internet connectivity isn’t completely stable and reliable. For cloud computing to be completely accessible anywhere, we’ll probably need to wait a few more years for the internet service providers to step up to the plate.

It’s not platform agnostic: Most clouds force participants to rely on a single platform or host only one type of product. If you need to support multiple platforms, as most enterprises do, then you’re looking at multiple clouds. That can be a nightmare to manage.

Can be slow: Even on a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes be slower than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC.

DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING



Thank you

Cloud Computing

Technology

application software

cloud of computers

layer of software

service iaasinfrastructure

service levels

service paasplatform

service saassoftware

encapsulated service