Cloning

Reproductive Cloning:

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Creating a duplicate copy of another organism

Aisha Hussein

How could cloning be put in use?

● There are many ways to put cloning into use

– Medical purposes– Reproducing endangered animal

species– To help infertile people to have

children

Medical Purposes

● Scientists learn about how human diseases by studying from animals

● Cloning will create genetically identical animals so that scientists can study them

– That will help make the research more accurate, considering all the animals would be genetically the same

Cloning endangered Animals

● Many animals are endangered, and if you can

clone these animals it can prevent extinction

Noah was a cloned Gaur. The Guar was going extinct. Unfortunately, Noah died 2 days after his birth due to a common bacterial infection

Helps infertile people have children

● Cloning could be used to help couples who can't have children

– They could clone a child, so that they can have their own

Side Effects/Disadvantages

● Builds a superficial society– People may start trying to make their

children perfect—make them smarter, stronger, more beautiful

– Eliminates differences● Each person is unique in their own way,

if you're cloning people not everyone will be different

● Unreliability – The mutations or complications that

could come from cloning can't be undoable . You can't put a human's life in jeopardy

How expensive is cloning?● Cloning generally is very expensive. The price

varies from what organism you are using, because the cost of the eggs are different.

● A human egg donor is paid $3000 to $5000 where as you can get 4000 mouse oocytes for $2000

● If you did the same with the humans , it would cost approximately 2 million

● It costed about $750,000 dollars to make Dolly the sheep (not including the years of research)

Process of Cloning

● The most common method is 'stomatic cell nuclear transfer' also known as 'nuclear transfer'

● A stomatic cell is a cell that isn't a sperm or egg that has the complete DNA of the organism it came from

● To clone, you need a stomatic cell and an egg cell

● First, you have to isolate the stomatic cell and the egg cell from both donors

● You then remove and discard the nucleus, because the nucleus contains the egg donor's genes

● Then you transfer the stomatic cell into the egg cell, and the egg will have the egg cell donor's DNA

● After that is completed, you have to stimulate cell division

– Use stimulating liquids to allow the cell to divide with regular meiosis

● Lastly, you need to implant the embryo into a surrogate mother

● http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/clickandclone/

The link above is a walk through animated process of cloning

Cloning Controversies

● In 2002, George Bush first tried to ban all human cloning

● Many people believe that human cloning is morally wrong, especially when it comes to human cloning

● Some people may believe that cloning is exploiting one person for another.Every human being is supposed to be unique and completely copying another would oppose that

● Others believe that cloning can help medical advancements

Bibliography

● http://www.forbes.com/2001/11/26/1126cloning.html

http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1999-11/942417896.Cb.r.htmhttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/whyclone/ http://www.riverdeep.net/current/2001/12/120301t_cloning.jhtml

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june02/cloning.html http://www.clonesafety.org/cloning/facts/process/