Clinical Effectiveness Bulletin no. 59 December 2011

8/3/2019 Clinical Effectiveness Bulletin no. 59 December 2011

1/23

EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

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Hfdedhof Iggihpdwieixx Byffipdegar EMX ^rdlort Hori de Earpm

Xpoggar`xmdriDxxyi Ea: 94 @ihilbir 2>??

Obayp pmdx Byffipde:

Dp odlx pa `ro{ oppiepdae pa xali ag pmi cit `ahyliepx oe` riwdi{x ae hfdedhof iggihpdwieixxpmop mowi biie ~ybfdxmi` de pmi ~riwdayx laepm%

[miri ~axxdbfi& fdecx pa pmi gyff pi}p `ahyliepx ori dehfy`i`% Dg pmi orpdhfi dx de o jayreof& tayhoe haepohp pmi Miofpm Fdbrort gar o ha~t%Fdec pa riqyixp garl:mpp~:!!{{{%ciifi%oh%yc!miofpmfdbrort!yxdekpmimiofpmfdbrort!depir,fdbrortfaoex!(`%ie%2;08;S^fioxi eapi , o hmorki ag 2 ~ir riqyixp dx ~otobfi gar laxp ha~dix\

Dg tay eii` gyrpmir oxxdxpoehi& ~fioxi haepohp pmi Miofpm Fdbrort ar pmi EMX AypriohmFdbrordoex& `ipodfx bifa{%

Pmi byffipde hoe bi i,lodfi` pa haffiokyix {ma lot ofxa gde` dp yxigyf%

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Gii`bohc dx of{otx {ifhali` pa degarl gypyri dxxyix ag pmi byffipde%

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8/3/2019 Clinical Effectiveness Bulletin no. 59 December 2011

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

2

Xayrhix gar Hfdedhof Iggihpdwieixx Byffipde

^fioxi xykkixp gyrpmir xdpix pmop xmayf` bi laedpari` de pmi ~ra`yhpdae ag pmdx byffipde

[ibxdpix

Hahmroei Fdbrort mpp~:!!{{{%pmihahmroeifdbrort%hal!HR@ Hiepri gar Riwdi{x oe` @dxxildeopdae mpp~:!!{{{%hr`%tarc%oh%yc!hr`{ib!

, @ORI -@opoboxi ag Obxprohpx ag Riwdi{x ag Iggihpx$, EMX Ihaealdh Iwofyopdae @opoboxi

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Haepiepx de pmdx dxxyi:

Hoehir %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 0Hor`dawoxhyfor @dxioxi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9Hmdf`rie oe` Tayek ia~fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7

Halldxxdaedek %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7HA^@ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% =@iliepdo %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% =@dobipix %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4Kieirof rohpdhi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4Kyd`oehi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?>Miofpm Rigarlx %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ??Miofpm Wdxdparx %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?8MDW %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?8Degihpdaex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?8Lopireof oe` Degoep Miofpm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?8Liepof Miofpm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?0Eiyrafakdhof Hae`dpdaex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?9Eyrxdek oe` Ld`{dgirt %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?9Eyprdpdae %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?9Aggie`ir Miofpm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?7Af`ir ia~fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?7^offdopdwi oe` Ie` ag Fdgi Hori %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?7^opdiep Hori oe` Xogipt %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?7^morloht oe` ^rixhrdbdek %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?;^ybfdh Miofpm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?=Xogikyor dek Hmdf`rie oe` Wyfeirobfi O`yfpx %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?4Xirwdhi Loeokiliep %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2>Xi}yof oe` Ri~ra`yhpdwi Miofpm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 22[arcgarhi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 22

8/3/2019 Clinical Effectiveness Bulletin no. 59 December 2011

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

0

Hoehir

[ixp Ld`foe`x Hoehir O{orieixx ^ragdfix[ixp Ld`foe`x Hoehir Depiffdkiehi YedpLaypm Hoehir:

mpp~:!!{{{%{lhdy%emx%yc!`ahyliepx!LaypmQhoehirQo{orieixxQ~ragdfiQ2>??Q9trQraffdek%~`g ^oehriopdh Hoehir:mpp~:!!{{{%{lhdy%emx%yc!`ahyliepx!^oehriopdhQhoehirQo{orieixxQ~ragdfiQ2>??Q9trQraffdek%~`g

Pmi Grohpdae ag Hoehir Opprdbypobfi pa Fdgixptfi oe` Iewdraeliepof Gohparx de pmi YC de2>?>^orcde& @L ip of%Pmdx xy~~filiep haepodex orpdhfix ae ?0 `dggiriep fdgixptfi oe` iewdraeliepof hoyxix aghoehir& dehfy`dek awir{idkmp oe` abixdpt& ahhy~opdaeof i}~axyri& deohpdwdpt& oe` `dip%Brdpdxm Jayreof ag Hoehir -2>??$ ?>9& Xy~~filiep d% `ad:?>%?>8=!bjh%2>??%9>=

Rifopi` degarlopdae dehfy`dek o``dpdaeof `dokrolx:mpp~:!!dega%hoehirrixiorhmyc%ark!ei{x!orhmdwi!~rixxrifioxi!2>??,??,>;,hdkorippix,`dip,ofhamaf,oe`,abixdpt,bimde`,lari,pmoe,?>>>>>,hoehirx

Dl~rawdek ohhixx1 Ri~arp ae pmi dl~filiepopdae ag pmi Hoehir @rykx Gye` oe` pmi`iwifa~liep ag o wofyi,boxi` ~rdhdek xtxpilLohldffoe Hoehir Xy~~arpPmi ri~arp gde`x pmop pmi Hoehir @rykx Gye` mox mif~i` lari pmoe ;&9>> ~opdiepx ohhixx`rykx pmop ori eap owodfobfi ae pmi EMX& oe` dx dl~rawdek ye`irxpoe`dek ag `rykx gar rorirhoehirx% Dp ofxa rodxix haehirex obayp rikdaeof wordopdaex de ohhixx pa pmi Gye`& oe`haepdeyi` ohhixx pa pmixi `rykx {mie gye`dek xpa~x de 2>?0%

mpp~:!!{{{%lohldffoe%ark%yc!@ahyliepx!KipDewafwi`!Hol~odkex!Hol~odkex!Hoehir@rykGye`!Dl~rawdekOhhixx%~`g

Dl~rawdek Ayphalix: O Xpropikt gar Hoehir , Gdrxp Oeeyof Ri~arp 2>??@i~orpliep ag Miofpmmpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?74>

Oe depiffdkiehi groli{arc gar hoehir@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx `ahyliep xipx ayp ~foex oe` ox~dropdaex pa pohcfi `igdhdiehdix de hoehir depiffdkiehi%

mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?747

Fyek hoehir de pmi [ixp Ld`foe`x[ixp Ld`foe`x Hoehir Depiffdkiehi YedpPmdx ri~arp faacx op dehd`iehi oe` larpofdpt& xyrwdwof& xpoki op `dokeaxdx& rigirrof ~oppirex&priopliep& oe` xyrkdhof hoxifao`%mpp~:!!{{{%{lhdy%emx%yc!`ahyliepx!FyekQhoehirQGdeof%~`g

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

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Loeyof gar Hoehir Xirwdhix haexyfpopdaex@i~orpliep ag MiofpmX~ihdofdxp ~offdopdwi hori lioxyrixPmdx dx eap o ~ybfdh haexyfpopdae oe` dx odli` op depirixpi` xpocimaf`irx aeft%Hfaxdek `opi gar halliepx: 2; Gibryort 2>?2mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!Haexyfpopdaex!Fdwihaexyfpopdaex!@MQ?8?990

Riwdxi` wirxdae ag pmi Hoehir ag Yecea{e ^rdlort LioxyrixHfaxdek `opi gar halliepx: ?0 Lorhm 2>?2mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!Haexyfpopdaex!Fdwihaexyfpopdaex!@MQ?8?4=4

Eopdaeof Fyek Hoehir Oy`dp Ri~arp 2>??EMX Degarlopdae HiepriLioxyrix ag pmi xpoe`or`x ag hori ori forkift xdldfor pa pmaxi xiie foxp tior& oe` {mdfxp xpdffbifa{ pmaxi de apmir [ixpire Iyra~ioe hayeprdix& pmi ko~ dx eorra{dek% Pmiri rilodexwordopdae ohraxx pryxpx oe` eip{arcx%mpp~:!!{{{%dh%emx%yc!hoehiroy`dpx!fyek

Pohcfdek Hoehir Deiqyofdpdix: aei tior aeOff ^orpt ^orfdolieport Kray~ ae HoehirPmdx ri~arp faacx op ~rakrixx xdehi pmi O^^KHx ri~arp de 2>>4& oe` locixrihallie`opdaex gar gyrpmir dl~rawiliep%mpp~:!!{{{%lohldffoe%ark%yc!KipDewafwi`!O^^K!Ri~arpxOe`Iwiepx!Pohcfdekhoehirdeiqyofdpdixaeitiorae%ox~}

[arc Ho~obdfdpt Oxxixxliep: ohhayepdek gar pmi iggihpx ag hoehir priopliep degarlofhaexyfpopdae@i~orpliep gar [arc oe` ^iexdaexPmdx haexyfpopdae xiicx pa kopmir iwd`iehi oe` wdi{x obayp ~ra~axi` dl~rawiliepx pa pmi

{ot pmi [arc Ho~obdfdpt Oxxixxliep oxxixxix de`dwd`yofx {ma ori xyggirdek gral hoehir%Hfaxdek `opi: 4 Lorhm 2>?2mpp~:!!{{{%`{~%kaw%yc!haexyfpopdaex!2>??!{ho,oxxixxliep%xmplf

Dpilx de pmi Halldxxdaedek xihpdae lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

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Hor`dawoxhyfor @dxioxi

Hmafixpiraf oe` o miofpmdir eopdae: xmori` rix~aexdbdfdpt gar bippir ~ybfdh miofpmMiorp YC

Pmdx ri~arp gahyxix ae dl~filiepopdae ag EMX Miofpm Hmihcx& oe` locix =rihallie`opdaex gar dehrioxdek eylbirx ag hmihcx oe` dl~rawdek hor`dawoxhyfor miofpm%mpp~:!!{{{%miorpyc%ark%yc!~rixxraal!de`i}%~m~1!ei{x!ri~arpQriwiofxQ~ophmtQ~rakrixxQaeQmiofpmQhmihcx!

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7

Xifg,laedpardek ag arof oepdhaokyfopdae: xtxpilopdh riwdi{ oe` lipo,oeoftxdx agde`dwd`yof ~opdiep `opoMieikmoe& H ip of%Pmi oypmarx haehfy`i` pmop xifg,laedpardek oe` xifg,loeokiliep ag arof haokyfopdae dx o xogia~pdae gar xydpobfi ~opdiepx ag off okix% ^opdiepx xmayf` ofxa bi aggiri` pmi a~pdae pa xifg,loeoki pmidr `dxioxi {dpm xydpobfi miofpm,hori xy~~arp ox bohc,y~%

Pmi Foehip& Iorft Aefdei ^ybfdhopdae& ? @ihilbir 2>??% `ad:?>%?>?7!X>?0>,7;87-??$7?240,0

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Hmdf`rie oe` Tayek ^ia~fi

Hmdf`rie+x Miofpm Degarlopdae Loppirx: Rixiorhmdek pmi ~rohpdhi ag oe` riqydriliepxgar oki o~~ra~rdopi miofpm degarlopdae gar hmdf`rie oe` tayek ~ia~fi -DL^$Xirwdhi @ifdwirt oe` Arkoedxopdae ^rakrolliPmdx xpy`t odlx pa ~rawd`i o gyff ~dhpyri ag pmi degarlopdae eii`x oe` ~rigiriehix ag hmdf`rie

oe` tayek ~ia~fi ye`ir ?= {dpm x~ihdgdh miofpmhori eii`x oe` hae`dpdaex& oe` pmidr goldfdix%mpp~:!!{{{%x`a%edmr%oh%yc!~raj`ipodfx%~m~1rig=,?;?=,?09

Eopdaeof Hmdf` Lioxyriliep ^rakrolli: Iekfoe`& 2>?>!?? xhmaaf tiorEMX Degarlopdae HiepriPmi ri~arp ~rawd`ix mdkm,fiwif oeoftxdx ag pmi ~riwofiehi ag ye`ir{idkmp+& miofpmt {idkmp+&awir{idkmp+& abixi+ oe` +awir{idkmp oe` abixi halbdei`+ hmdf`rie& de Rihi~pdae -oki` 09tiorx$ oe` Tior 7 -oki` ?>?? tiorx$& lioxyri` de xpopi xhmaafx%mpp~:!!{{{%dh%emx%yc!ehl~

Aggdhdof xpopdxpdhx: Hmdf`rie+x hieprix dex~ihpdaex oe` ayphalix

Agxpi`@opo gar Hieprix dex~ihpi` gral Jyft pa Xi~pilbir 2>?? dx ea{ owodfobfi& dehfy`dek `opo garpmaxi hieprix de Xpaci oe` Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri dex~ihpi` de pmdx pdli ~irda`%mpp~:!!{{{%agxpi`%kaw%yc!rixayrhix!aggdhdof,xpopdxpdhx,hmdf`rie)I2)=>)44x,hieprix,dex~ihpdaex,oe`,ayphalix

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Halldxxdaedek

Iggihpdwi Hoehir Halldxxdaedek de pmi Ei{ EMX

Off ^orpt ^orfdolieport Kray~ ae HoehirPmdx ri~arp dx o rix~aexi pa haehirex pmop pmi hmoekix pa halldxxdaedek xpryhpyrix hayf`dl~ohp y~ae pmi Kawireliepx olbdpdaex pa dl~rawi hoehirayphalix%mpp~:!!{{{%lohldffoe%ark%yc!@ahyliepx!KipDewafwi`!Hol~odkex!Hol~odkex!O^^K!BrdpodeOkodexpHoehir2>??!IggihpdwiHoehirHalldxxdaedekdepmiEi{EMX%~`g

Kaa` kawireoehi gar hfdedhof halldxxdaedek kray~x: Oe depra`yhpart kyd`iCdekx Gye`Pmdx kyd`i odlx pa mif~ HHKx poci pmidr gdrxp xpi~x pa{or`x oypmardxopdae%mpp~:!!{{{%cdekxgye`%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!orpdhfix!eo~hQhhkQkawireoehi%mplf

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

;

Dewafwdek af`ir ~ia~fi de xirwdhi halldxxdaedek: lari ~a{ir pa pmidr ifba{1Jaxi~m Ra{eprii Gaye`opdae@arxip oe` Xofgar` {iri d`iepdgdi` ox oriox {miri xpryhpyrix oe` ~rahixxix iehayroki oe`gohdfdpopi pmi dewafwiliep ag af`ir ~ia~fi de fahof `ihdxdae,locdek% Pmi rixiorhm i}oldei`ma{ af`ir ~ia~fi de pmixi oriox {iri dewafwi` de halldxxdaedek oe` xirwdhi `ifdwirt3 {mop`dggiriehi pmidr dewafwiliep lo`i3 pmi gohparx {mdhm fio` pa xyhhixxgyf iekokiliep3 oe` pmi

borrdirx pa dewafwdek af`ir ~ia~fi%mpp~:!!{{{%jrg%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!dewafwdek,af`ir,~ia~fi,lari,~a{ir,pa,pmidr,ifba{

^irxae,boxi` Rixayrhi Offahopdae: Ei{ o~~raohmix pa ixpdlopdek halldxxdaedekby`kipx gar K^ ~rohpdhixEyggdif` PryxpPmdx `ahyliep aypfdeix ^irxae,boxi` Rixayrhi Offahopdae% Dp xyllordxix pmi o~~raohm`iwifa~i` de o xirdix ag oeoftxix awir pdli% Pmi oeoftxdx {ox gye`i` bt pmi @i~orpliep agMiofpm oe` pmi rixyfpdek garlyfo {ox yxi` {dpmde pmi godr xmorix paafcdp gar offahopdaex gral~rdlort hori pryxpx -^HPx$ pa ~rohpdhix gar halldxxdaedek& gar 2>?>!?? oe` 2>??!?2% Pmigarlyfo mox biie gyrpmir `iwifa~i` gar yxi de 2>?2!?8 pa mif~ xip porkip offahopdaex gar

xmo`a{ hfdedhof halldxxdaedek kray~x%mpp~:!!{{{%eyggdif`pryxp%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!~irxae,boxi`,rixayrhi,offahopdae,ei{,o~~raohmix,ixpdlopdek,halldxxdaedek,by`kipx,k~,~ro

^rakrolli by`kipdek paafx oe` `opo@i~orpliep ag miofpmHalldxxdaeir fiwif ~rakrolli by`kipdek `opo dx ~ybfdxmi` oeeyofft de pmi garl ag obiehmlorcdek paaf pmop ieobfix halldxxdaeirx pa d`iepdgt: ma{ pmit x~ie` pmidr offahopdaeawir 28 `dxioxi hopikardix oe` ?2 hori xippdekx& oe` ma{ pmdx hal~orix {dpm apmirhalldxxdaeirx% Pmi fopixp wirxdae ag pmi ^rakrolli By`kipdek ^HP Biehmlorcdek Paafhaepodex ixpdlopix ag i}~ie`dpyri gar pmi 2>?>,?? gdeoehdof tior%

mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!Loeokdektayrarkoedxopdae!Gdeoehioe`~foeedek!^rakrolliby`kipdek!@MQ>;9;08(Q?

Y~`opi pa Bixp ^rohpdhi Pordggx@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx {ib ~oki xipx ayp pmi Bixp ^rohpdhi Pordggx pmop ori de ~fohi gar 2>??,?2 oe` o fdxp ag ei{xirwdhi oriox {mdhm ori bidek haexd`iri` gar Bixp ^rohpdhi Pordggx de 2>?2,?8%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!miofpm!2>??!?2!b~p,y~`opi!

Dpilx de pmi @iliepdo xihpdae lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

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=

HA^@

Dl~rawdek ie` ag fdgi hori de hmraedh abxpryhpdwi ~yflaeort `dxioxi -HA^@$: pixpdekpmi hoxi gar hmoekiEMX Dl~rawiliep: FyekPmdx ri~arp gahyxix ae ~rakeaxpdh de`dhopdae& O`woehi Hori ^foeedek oe` ~offdopdwi horirikdxpirx%mpp~:!!xtxpil%dl~rawiliep%emx%yc!Dl~rawiliepXtxpil!Wdi{@ahyliep%ox~}1~opmag)2>Fdgi)2>,)2>Gdeof%~`g

Dl~rawdek iorfdir `dokeaxdx oe` pmi faek pirl loeokiliep ag HA^@: pixpdek pmi hoxigar HmoekiEMX Dl~rawiliep: FyekPmi Iorfdir `dokeaxdx{arcxpriol odli` pa iexyri off ~opdiepx rihidwi` o pdlift `dokeaxdxoe` o~~ra~rdopi degarlopdae obayp pmidr hae`dpdae& oe` {iri o``i` pa pmi ~rohpdhi `dxioxirikdxpir% ^rajihp {arc dehfy`i` pixpdek xirwdhi la`ifx& riwdi{dek rikdxpirx oe` `iwifa~dekpaafx pa dl~rawi oe` laedpar qyofdpt% Pmi Loeokdek HA^@ ox o faek pirl hae`dpdae{arcxpriol gahyxi` ae xy~~arpi` xifg,hori oe` rikyfor riwdi{& ri`yhdek ilirkiehto`ldxxdaex oe` dl~rawdek li`dhdeix loeokiliep% ^rajihp {arc dehfy`i` pixpdek {otx pa`iwifa~ oe` dl~filiep iggihpdwi xifg,hori la`ifx oe` aekadek ~opdiep riwdi{%mpp~:!!xtxpil%dl~rawiliep%emx%yc!Dl~rawiliepXtxpil!Wdi{@ahyliep%ox~}1~opm@dokeaxdx)2>Hoxi)2>gar)2>Hmoeki%~`g

Dpilx de pmi Eyprdpdae xihpdae lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

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@iliepdo

Hallae oe` hal~fi}: halldxxdaedek iggihpdwi `iliepdo xirwdhix de pmi ei{ {arf`Ofzmidlirx Xahdipt oe` LM^Pmdx ri~arp locix rihallie`opdaex pa dl~rawi `iliepdo ayphalix de pmi haepi}p ag pmiKawireliepx miofpm oe` xahdof hori rigarlx%mpp~:!!{{{%lm~h%hal!bfak!hallae,oe`,hal~fi},halldxxdaedek,iggihpdwi,`iliepdo,xirwdhix,ei{,{arf`

Ri~arp ag pmi Eopdaeof Oy`dp ag @iliepdo Hori de Kieirof Max~dpofx 2>??Ratof Haffiki ag ^xthmdoprdxpx

Pmdx oy`dp xma{x pmop& ofpmaykm pmi lojardpt ag {or`x liip boxdh xogipt riqydriliepx& loetmo` eap o``rixxi` xdl~fi lioxyrix pmop hayf` fixxie pmi `dxprixx hoyxi` pa `iliepdo~opdiepx bt oe yegoldfdor oe` haegyxdek max~dpof iewdraeliep% Pmi ri~arp ofxa locixrihallie`opdaex gar dl~rawiliep%mpp~:!!{{{%rh~xthm%oh%yc!~rixx!~rixxrifioxix2>??!eopdaeofoy`dpag`iliepdo%ox~}

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

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@dobipix

Rihakedpdae& priopliep oe` ~riwiepdae ag mt~akfthoildo de pmi hallyedptEMX @dobipixPmdx kyd`i dx depie`i` pa xirwi ox o mif~gyf rixayrhi gar o roeki ag kray~x& dehfy`dek pmaxi

hordek gar ~ia~fi {dpm `dobipix de pmi hallyedpt& halldxxdaeirx& `ixdkeirx ag xirwdhix oe`miofpmhori ~ragixxdaeofx%mpp~:!!{{{%`dobipix%emx%yc!ei{xQoe`Qiwiepx!ei{Q~ybfdhopdaeQrihakedpdaeQpriopliepQoe`Q~riwiepdaeQagQmt~akfthoildoQdeQpmiQhallyedpt!

Eopdaeof @dobipix Oy`dp Larpofdpt Oeoftxdx 2>>;,2>>=: Cit gde`dekx ae larpofdpt ropixgar ~ia~fi {dpm `dobipix de Iekfoe`EMX Degarlopdae HiepriPmdx oy`dp oeoftxix larpofdpt bt pt~i ag `dobipix& oki oe` xi}& ipmedhdpt& `i~rdwopdae& XMO&oe` ^HP% Dp ofxa locix rihallie`opdaex gar dl~rawiliep%mpp~:!!{{{%dh%emx%yc!{ibgdfix!Xirwdhix!EHOX^!@dobipix!2>>4?>)2>oeeyof)2>ri~arp)2>`ahyliepx!EMXQ@dobipixQOy`dpQLarpofdptQRi~arpQ2>??QGdeof%~`g

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

Kieirof rohpdhi

2>?2!?8 KLX Haeprohp Eikapdopdaex@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx fippir xipx ayp pmi ayphali ag eikapdopdaex bip{iie pmi BLO Kieirof ^rohpdpdaeirxHalldppii oe` EMX Il~fatirx ae hmoekix pmop {dff o~~ft pa KLX haeprohpyof orroekiliepxde Iekfoe` gral O~rdf 2>?2%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!Fippirxoe`hdrhyforx!@iorhaffiokyifippirx!@MQ?8>42>

K^ ^opdiep Xyrwit@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmi laxp rihiep ri~arpx oe` `opo pobfix hawir Jyft,Xi~pilbir 2>??%mpp~:!!{{{%k~,~opdiep%ha%yc!rixyfpx!

La`iffdek De`dwd`yof ^opdiep Max~dpof I}~ie`dpyri gar Kieirof ^rohpdhi By`kipxHiepri gar Miofpm Ihaealdhx% Yedwirxdpt ag TarcPmdx ~o~ir la`ifx de`dwd`yof i}~ie`dpyri yxdek `dokeaxpdh degarlopdae gral ~riwdayx max~dpofx~iffx& ~fyx o forki xip ag opprdbypi` wordobfix lioxyrdek ~a~yfopdae& kieirof ~rohpdhi& oe`fahof max~dpof hmorohpirdxpdhx% Dp `ixhrdbix o ~rahi`yri gar xippdek by`kipx gar kieirof~rohpdhix {mdhm ri`yhix pmi ~rabfil ag pmi fokx de pmi owodfobfi `opo% Dp ofxa i}oldeix pmi`dxpdehpdae bip{iie eii` oe` eaeeii` wordobfix oe` pmi dehiepdwi dl~fdhopdaex ag offa{dek~oxp eylbirx ag max~dpof iehayepirx pa `ipirldei ~rohpdhi by`kipx%mpp~:!!{{{%tarc%oh%yc!li`do!hmi!`ahyliepx!~o~irx!rixiorhm~o~irx!HMIR^;8QLa`iffdekQDe`dwd`yofQ^opdiepQMax~dpofQI}~ie`dpyriQgarQK^QBy`kipx%~`g

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

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Eopdaeof Kieirof ^rohpdhi ^ragdfixEip{arc ag ^ybfdh Miofpm AbxirwopardixYxdek o wordipt ag kro~mdhof `dx~fotx xyhm ox x~dei hmorpx oe` ~a~yfopdae ~trold`x& pmi paaf~rixiepx o roeki ag ~rohpdhi,fiwif de`dhoparx& dehfy`dek: fahof `ilakro~mt3 _yofdpt oe`Ayphalix Groli{arc `alodex3 `dxioxi ~riwofiehi ixpdlopix3 o`ldxxdae ropix3 oe` ~opdiepxopdxgohpdae% De o``dpdae pa wdi{dek de`dwd`yof ~rohpdhi ~ragdfix& tay hoe wdi{ xyllort ~ragdfix

gar HHKx% Iohm ~rohpdhi hoe bi hal~ori` {dpm pmi ^HP& HHK oe` Iekfoe`%mpp~:!!{{{%o~ma%ark%yc!^roh^rag!^ragdfi%ox~}Xy~~arpdek `ahyliepx ori owodfobfi opmpp~:!!{{{%o~ma%ark%yc!rixayrhi!wdi{%ox~}1RD@ oe` FD^Ahmd~ gar pmi `dokeaxdx ag goldfdof mt~irhmafixpirafoildo

@K2mpp~:!!kyd`oehi%edhi%ark%yc!@K2

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

EDHI _yofdpt Xpoe`or`xXirwdhi yxir i}~irdiehi de o`yfp liepof miofpmmpp~:!!{{{%edhi%ark%yc!kyd`oehi!qyofdptxpoe`or`x!xirwdhi,yxir,i}~irdiehi,de,o`yfp,liepof,miofpm!de`i}%jx~

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

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EDHI Haexyfpopdae @ahyliepxOhypi y~~ir KD bfii`dekPa halliep& haepohp pmi rikdxpiri` xpocimaf`ir arkoedxopdae pmop laxp hfaxift ri~rixiepxtayr depirixpx%Hfaxdek `opi gar halliepx: ?0 Gibryort 2>?2mpp~:!!{{{%edhi%ark%yc!kyd`oehi!de`i}%jx~1ohpdae?2mpp~:!!{{{%edhi%ark%yc!kyd`oehi!de`i}%jx~1ohpdae

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

?2

Jadedek y~ miofpm oe` xahdof hori: Dl~rawdek wofyi gar laeit ohraxx pmi depirgohiOy`dp HalldxxdaePmdx ri~arp xotx pmop depikropi` {arcdek ohraxx miofpm oe` xahdof hori aggirx a~~arpyedpdix gariggdhdiehdix oe` dl~rawiliepx pa xirwdhix& oe` o fohc ag depikropi` {arcdek lioex pmop~ia~fi ori fixx fdcift pa rihidwi pmi bixp hori% Dp aggirx kyd`oehi& oe` dehfy`ix hoxi xpy`dixoe` o biehmlorcdek paaf gar fahof EMX oe` xahdof hori ~orpeirxmd~x%

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Jadep Xpropikdh Eii`x Oxxixxliep oe` jadep miofpm oe` {iffbidek xpropikdix i}~fodei`@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx `ahyliep odlx pa xy~~arp ilirkdek miofpm oe` {iffbidek baor`x ox pmit iekoki {dpmpmi rigrixm ag Jadep Xpropikdh Eii`x Oxxixxliepx oe` `iwifa~ pmidr ~ri~oropart jadep miofpmoe` {iffbidek xpropikt% Dp ofxa `ixhrdbix {mop xy~~arp pmi @i~orpliep ag Miofpm {dff ~rawd`i&oe` ma{ pmi @i~orpliep {dff bydf` de fioredek gral iorft dl~filiepir miofpm oe` {iffbidekbaor`x%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oeh

i!@MQ?8?;>2

_yixpdaex oe` oex{irxEMX Halldxxdaedek Baor` X~ihdof Miofpm OypmardptPmdx `ahyliep oex{irx xali griqyiepft oxci` qyixpdaex obayp pmi Halldxxdaedek Baor`%mpp~:!!{{{%halldxxdaedekbaor`%emx%yc!2>??!?2!22!emx,halldxxdaedek,baor`,qo!

Pmi xiorhm gar fa{,haxp depikropi` miofpmhori: pmi Ofzdro la`if& gral pmi rikdae agWofiehdoEMX Haegi`iropdaePmi Ofzdro la`if {ox pmi xybjihp ag oe EMX Haegi`iropdae xpy`t wdxdp de Lorhm 2>??% Pmdx

~o~ir i}oldeix pmi la`if de fdkmp ag pmi hyrriep hmoffiekix gohdek pmi EMX de Iekfoe`%mpp~:!!{{{%emxhaegi`%ark!^ybfdhopdaex!ri~arpx!^okix!depikropi`,miofpmhori%ox~}

Xpocimaf`ir iekokiliep ae pmi fdhiehiLaedparDg pmi Miofpm oe` Xahdof Hori Bdff bihalix fo{& Laedpar {dff bi riqydri` pa dxxyi fdhiehix pa off~rawd`irx ag EMX gye`i` xirwdhix ox ~orp ag dpx rikyfopart gyehpdae% Laedpar mox ~ybfdxmi` xd}`ahyliepx {mdhm loci y~ pmi gdrxp proehmi ag fdhiehi hae`dpdaex ae {mdhm pmit ori iekokdek%Hfaxdek `opi gar halliepx: 28 Joeyort 2>?2mpp~:!!{{{%laedpar,emxgp%kaw%yc!mali!laedparx,ei{,rafi!fdhiexdek,~rawd`irx!xpocimaf`ir,iekokiliep,pmi,fdhiehi

[mt pmi BLO dx a~~axdek pmi {mafi BdffBLOPmdx brdigdek xipx ayp {mt pmi BLO mowi mor`iei` pmidr ~axdpdae ae pmi Bdff de pmi haepi}p agpmi {d`ir EMX rigarl okie`o%mpp~:!!{{{%blo%ark%yc!dlokix!emxrigarlbrdigdekbloa~~axixbdff`ih2>??Qphl0?,2?>407%~`g

Dpilx de pmi Halldxxdaedek oe` Xirwdhi Loeokiliep xihpdaex lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

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?8

Miofpm Wdxdparx

O Hoff pa Ohpdae , Aei Tior Ae: Miofpm Wdxdpar Dl~filiepopdae ^rakrixx Ri~arp@i~orpliep ag Miofpmmpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?82>?7

MDW

Dpilx de pmi [arcgarhi xihpdae lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

Degihpdaex

Koxpradepixpdeof degihpdaex oeeyof ri~arp& 2>?>Miofpm ^rapihpdae OkiehtPmdx ri~arp faacx op aypbriocx ag x~ihdgdh degihpdaex& oe` pmi rafi ag xyrwidffoehi xtxpilx garpmixi `dxioxix%mpp~:!!{{{%m~o%ark%yc!^ybfdhopdaex!Degihpdayx@dxioxix!KoxpradepixpdeofAypbriocxOe`DffeixxRi~arpx!???2Koxpradepixpdeofdegihpdaex2>?>!

Ldkroep Miofpm: Degihpdayx `dxioxix de eae,YC bare ~a~yfopdaex de pmi YCMiofpm ^rapihpdae OkiehtPmi ri~arp haehfy`ix pmop pmi lojardpt ag faek,pirl ldkroepx pa pmi YC ori tayek ~ia~fi {dpm~foex pa xpy`t ar {arc& oe` pmit {dff mowi o xdldfor roeki ag miofpm haehirex pa YC bare~ia~fi de pmi xoli oki brohcip% O xloff ~ra~arpdae ag pmi eae,YC bare bior pmi kriopixpbyr`ie ag degihpdayx `dxioxi ri~arpi` de pmi YC%mpp~:!!{{{%m~o%ark%yc!^ybfdhopdaex!Degihpdayx@dxioxix!ProwifMiofpm!???2Ldkroepmiofpm!

Pybirhyfaxdx de pmi YC: 2>?? ri~arpMiofpm ^rapihpdae OkiehtPmi oypmarx haehfy`i pmop rihiep ~apiepdof `ihfdei de pmi dehd`iehi ag pybirhyfaxdx& ogpireiorft p{a `iho`ix ag dehrioxdek ropix& dx iehayrokdek% Pmi ri~arp ofxa faacx op pybirhyfaxdxde x~ihdgdh ~a~yfopdae kray~x& oe` rihallie`x lioxyrix pa gyrpmir xpriekpmie PB haepraf%mpp~:!!{{{%m~o%ark%yc!^ybfdhopdaex!Degihpdayx@dxioxix!Pybirhyfaxdx!???2PybirhyfaxdxdepmiYC2>??ri~arp!

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

Lopireof oe` Degoep Miofpm

Larpofdpt Laedpardek Byffipde -Degoep larpofdpt& deiqyofdpdix$: y~`opi pa dehfy`i `opo gar2>?>@i~orpliep ag Miofpmmpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaexXpopdxpdhx!@MQ?8>4??

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

?0

EMX Lopiredpt Xpopdxpdhx& Iekfoe`: 2>?>,??EMX Degarlopdae HiepriPmixi xpopdxpdhx dehfy`i `opo ae ~fohi ag `ifdwirt3 ~irxae hae`yhpdek `ifdwirt3 oeoixpmipdhx3lipma` ag aexip oe` lipma` ag `ifdwirt3 i~dxdapalt3 oepieopof!~axpeopof xpot3 hal~fdhopdaex3kixpopdae3 bdrpm {idkmp3 ldxhorrdoki oe` ihpa~dh ~rikeoehtmpp~:!!{{{%dh%emx%yc!~ybx!lopiredpt?>??

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

Liepof Miofpm

@iwifa~dek oe ayphalix,boxi` o~~raohm de liepof miofpmEMX Haegi`iropdaePmdx Brdigdek xipx ayp pmi ~afdht haepi}p gar ayphalix de liepof miofpm oe` xyllordxix pmirihallie`opdaex lo`i de o Liepof Miofpm Eip{arc ri~arp& dehfy`dek pmi eii` pa `iwifa~ oedl~filiepopdae groli{arc de xy~~arp ag pmi liepof miofpm xpropikt& +Ea miofpm {dpmayp liepofmiofpm+%

mpp~:!!{{{%emxhaegi`%ark!^ybfdhopdaex!brdigdekx!^okix!ayphalix,boxi`,o~~raohm%ox~}

Il~fatii aypfaac: Gahyx ae liepof miofpm de pmi {arc~fohiLde`Pmdx xyrwit oxci` awir 2>>> il~fatiix obayp pmidr i}~irdiehix oe` oppdpy`ix obayp liepofmiofpm de pmi {arc~fohi%mpp~:!!{{{%lde`%ark%yc!oxxipx!>>>?!78?9!97=?QIl~AypfaacQLiepofQMiofpmQGahyxQ,

QHD^@Qxyrwit%~`g

Pmi gayrpm tior ag pmi De`i~ie`iep Liepof Ho~ohdpt O`wahoht -DLHO$ xirwdhi: 2>?>!2>??

@i~orpliep ag Miofpmmpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?49=

Laedpardek pmi Liepof Miofpm Ohp de 2>?>!??: Pmi Hori _yofdpt Halldxxdaex oeeyofri~arp ae pmi i}irhdxi ag dpx gyehpdaex de cii~dek ye`ir riwdi{ pmi a~iropdae ag pmiLiepof Miofpm Ohp ?4=8Hori _yofdpt HalldxxdaePmdx tiorx ri~arp mdkmfdkmpx fohc ag ~opdiep dewafwiliep de pmi hori ~foeedek ~rahixx3 ~opdiepx+ho~ohdpt pa haexiep bidek& de xali hoxix& oxxyli` paa rio`dft bt `ahparx3 oe` pmop fikof~a{irx owodfobfi pa ~rawd`irx ori {d`ift ldxye`irxpaa`& iwie olaek liepof miofpm

~ragixxdaeofx%mpp~:!!{{{%hqh%ark%yc!~ybfdh!ei{x!ayr,xihae`,liepof,miofpm,ohp,oeeyof,ri~arp,2>?>!??

Ei{ xirwdhi la`ifx de liepof miofpm: ilirkdek fixxaexEMX Haegi`iropdaePmdx ri~arp faacx op pmi iwd`iehi ae locdek bixp yxi ag ei{ x~ihdofdxp xirwdhix& fdci hrdxdxrixafypdae piolx3 ma{ lyhm hori dx ea{ ~rawd`i` bt ofpireopdwix pa max~dpof oe` pmi ~apiepdofgar xowdekx& oe` ma{ xirwdhix ori iekokdek yxirx%mpp~:!!{{{%emxhaegi`%ark!^ybfdhopdaex!`dkixpx!^okix!Rixiorhm,@dkixp,dxxyi,2%ox~}

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?9

^riwiepdek xydhd`i pmraykm hallyedpt oe` ilirkieht miofpmhoriEMX Haegi`iropdaePmdx brdigdek depra`yhix pmi Eopdaeof ^opdiep Xogipt Okieht+x ei{ xydhd`i ~riwiepdae paafcdpxgar hallyedpt& ilirkieht oe` kieirof ~rohpdhi xpogg%mpp~:!!{{{%emxhaegi`%ark!^ybfdhopdaex!brdigdekx!^okix!^riwiepdek,xydhd`i%ox~}

Pmdec hmdf`& pmdec ~oriep& pmdec goldft: o kyd`i pa ~oriepof liepof miofpm oe` hmdf`{ifgoriXahdof Hori Dexpdpypi gar I}hiffiehiPmdx kyd`i faacx op o wordipt ag pa~dhx& dehfy`dek dl~rawdek ohhixx pa xirwdhix& hori ~foex oe`oxxixxliepx%mpp~:!!{{{%xhdi%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!kyd`ix!kyd`i8>!de`i}%ox~

Dpilx de pmi Xi}yof oe` Ri~ra`yhpdwi Miofpm oe` [arcgarhi xihpdaex lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

Eiyrafakdhof Hae`dpdaex

Xirwdhix gar ~ia~fi {dpm eiyrafakdhof hae`dpdaexEopdaeof Oy`dp AggdhiPmdx oy`dp haehfy`ix pmop xdehi pmi Eopdaeof Xirwdhi Groli{arc gar Faek,pirl Hae`dpdaex {oxdepra`yhi` de 2>>9& ~ia~fi {dpm eiyrafakdhof hae`dpdaex mowi mo` bippir ohhixx pa miofpmxirwdhix3 byp cit de`dhoparx ag qyofdpt mowi {arxiei`% Dp ofxa haehfy`ix pmi @i~orpliep `aixeap cea{ {mop pmi Groli{arc oe` o``dpdaeof x~ie`dek ag eiorft 0> ~ir hiep mowi ohmdiwi`%mpp~:!!{{{%eoa%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!?>?2!eiyrafakdhofQhae`dpdaex%ox~}

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

Eyrxdek oe` Ld`{dgirt

Kieipdhx!Kiealdhx de Eyrxdek oe` Ld`{dgirt@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx ri~arp mox biie ~ra`yhi` pa oxxdxp pmi Eyrxdek ' Ld`{dgirt ^ragixxdaeof O`wdxart Baor`de d`iepdgtdek dxxyix oe` ~apiepdof xafypdaex haehiredek pmi gypyri ag kieipdhx!kiealdhx gar pmieyrxdek oe` ld`{dgirt ~ragixxdaeof {arcgarhi%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?407

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

Eyprdpdae

Pmi Rix~dropart Miofpmhori ^ragixxdaeof+x Eyprdpdaeof HA^@ Kyd`ifdeiPmdx kyd`i odlx pa rodxi o{orieixx ag eyprdpdae {dpm rix~dropart miofpm ~ragixxdaeofx oe` pmidrHA^@ ~opdiepx% Dp ~rawd`ix o paaf pa od` gdrxp fdei eyprdpdaeof loeokiliep ag pmixi ~opdiepx%mpp~:!!{{{%dl~rawiliep%emx%yc!fyek!EopdaeofDl~rawiliep^rajihpx!LoeokdekHA^@!Eyprdpdae%ox~}

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

?7

Aggie`ir Miofpm

I}~ihpopdaex: Hrdpirdo gar oxxixxdek pmi priopliep ag ~rdxaeirx oe` hae`dpdaex de~rdxaexMir Lojixptx Dex~ihparopi ag ^rdxaex

Pmdx `ahyliep xipx ayp pmi boxdx ae {mdhm pmi Dex~ihparopi {dff gyfgdf dpx xpopypart `ypt pari~arp pa pmi rifiwoep Xihriport ag Xpopi ae pmi priopliep ag ~rdxaeirx oe` hae`dpdaex de~rdxaex% Dp dehfy`ix xihpdaex ae miofpm oe` miofpm xirwdhix ~rawd`i` de ~rdxae%Pmi ri~arp oe` rifopi` `ahyliepx ori op:mpp~:!!{{{%jyxpdhi%kaw%yc!kyd`oehi!dex~ihpdae,oe`,laedpardek!mld,~rdxaex!dex~ihpdaex,kyd`oehi!dex~ihpdae,oe`,o~~rodxof,hrdpirdo%mpl

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

Af`ir ^ia~fi

Dpilx de pmi Halldxxdaedek xihpdae lot bi ag depirixp%

^offdopdwi oe` Ie` ag Fdgi Hori

Ie` ag Fdgi Hori ^ragdfix: 2>?? Y~`opiEopdaeof Ie` ag Fdgi Hori Depiffdkiehi Eip{arcPmi Ie` ag Fdgi Hori ^ragdfix ~rixiep `opo ae ~fohi ag `iopm oe` hoyxi ag `iopm& bt oki oe`xi}& gar iohm Fahof Oypmardpt de Iekfoe` yxdek pmi DexpoepOpfox lo~~dek paaf% Pmi `opo hoe biwdi{i` de lo~& hmorp oe` pobfi garlop%mpp~:!!{{{%ie`agfdgihori,depiffdkiehi%ark%yc!~ragdfix%ox~}

Dpilx de pmi Hoehir oe` HA^@ xihpdaex lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

^opdiep Hori oe` Xogipt

Brdpdxm Xahdof Oppdpy`ix 2=EopHie Xahdof RixiorhmHmo~pir 4 faacx op pmi EMX ohraxx Brdpode% Dp i}oldeix xopdxgohpdae {dpm pmi EMX oe` dpxhal~aeiep xirwdhix& oe` i}~ihpopdaex oe` ~irhi~pdaex obayp {odpdek pdlix%mpp~:!!dr2%gfdgi%`i!`opo!eophie,xahdof,rixiorhm!dkbQmplf!de`i}%~m~1birdhmpQd`>>>>?'de`i}

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

?;

^rapihpdek oe` ~ralapdek ~opdiepx+ depirixpx: pmi rafi ag Xihpar Rikyfopdae@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx `ahyliep xipx ayp pmi kawireliepx ropdaeofi gar xihpar rikyfopdae de pmi EMX& oe``ixhrdbix Laedparx ~ra~axi` rafi oe` gyehpdaex& oe` dpx rifopdaexmd~x {dpm pmi Hori _yofdptHalldxxdae oe` EMX Halldxxdaedek Baor`%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oeh

i!@MQ?8?7>4

_ydhc kyd`i pa rodxdek o haehire obayp tayr {arc~fohiH_HPmdx kyd`i mox biie {rdppie gar miofpm oe` hori ~ragixxdaeofx pmop eii` pa rodxi o haehireobayp pmidr {arc~fohi% Dp kdwix mif~gyf o`wdhi ae x~iocdek ayp obayp ~aar hori oe` {mop~rapihpdae tay {dff mowi gral pmi fo{ dg tay `a%mpp~:!!{{{%hqh%ark%yc!~ybfdh!ei{x!qydhc,kyd`i,rodxdek,haehire,obayp,tayr,{arc~fohi

Dpilx de pmi Kieirof ^rohpdhi xihpdae lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

^morloht oe` ^rixhrdbdek

EMX Hallyedpt ^morloht Xirwdhix: o xyllort^morlohiypdhof Xirwdhix Eikapdopdek HalldppiiPmdx xyllort dx depie`i` gar ~ia~fi {ma ori eap goldfdor {dpm pmi {arc ag hallyedpt~morloht% Pmi `ahyliep lot& gar i}ol~fi& bi yxi` bt F^Hx oe` hallyedpt ~morlohdxpx pabrdig fahof oypmardpt xpogg oe` hayehdffarx ae ~morloht xirwdhix%mpp~:!!{{{%~xeh%ark%yc!ei{x%~m~!??49!y~`opi`Qh~hgQxyllortQ~ybfdxmi`

Malihori Li`dhdeix: pa{or`x o Wdxdae gar pmi Gypyri@i~orpliep ag Miofpm Hallirhdof Li`dhdeix YedpPmi @i~orpliep ag Miofpm -@M$ mowi x~aexari` o ro~d` riwdi{ ag Malihori Li`dhdei Xy~~ftpa haexd`ir pmi hyrriep a~iropdaeof orroekiliepx oe` dpx gypyri gar pmi bixp wofyi gar ~opdiepx&pmi EMX oe` pmi ~rawd`ir lorcip%mpp~:!!hly%`m%kaw%yc!malihori,li`dhdeix,riwdi{,kray~!

Li`dhdeix gar Hmdf`rieRatof ^morlohiypdhof XahdiptPmdx xdpi haepodex degarlopdae pa mif~ ~oriepx {mie pmit eii` pa kdwi li`dhdeix pa pmidrhmdf`rie op mali% Dp hyrriepft ~rawd`ix aefdei ar ~rdepi` fiogfipx ae awir ?>> cit li`dhdeix%mpp~:!!{{{%li`dhdeixgarhmdf`rie%ark%yc!

^rixhrdbdek bt K^ ^rohpdhiEMX Degarlopdae HiepriHawirdek off kieirof ~rohpdhix de Iekfoe`& pmi `opo dehfy`ix gdkyrix ae pmi eylbir ag~rixhrd~pdae dpilx pmop ori `dx~iexi` iohm laepm oe` degarlopdae rifopdek pa haxpx%mpp~:!!{{{%dh%emx%yc!xirwdhix!proex~orieht!~rixhrdbdek,bt,k~,~rohpdhi

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

?=

[mdhm ^rdhi dx Rdkmp1 Rikyfopdek pmi haxp ag ~morlohiypdhofx de Iyra~i oe` EarpmOlirdhoXpahcmafl Eip{arcPmdx ri~arp orkyix pmop Iyra~i hyrriepft gde`x dpxifg de o ~axdpdae {miri dp dx kippdek "lari garfixx" de rikor`x pa ~morlohiypdhofx& ofpmaykm de `adek xa dp rifdix ae lari lorcip,boxi`iewdraeliepx& xyhm ox pmi Yedpi` Xpopix& pa ~rakrixx pmi rixiorhm depa lyhm eii`i`

deeawopdaex% Dp faacx op xali ag pmi ~rabfilx oe` hmoffiekix de pmdx la`if%mpp~:!!{{{%xpahcmafl,eip{arc%ark!`a{efao`x!~ybfdhopdaex![mdhmQ^rdhiQdxQRdkmp%~`g

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

^ybfdh Miofpm

Miofpm ^ragdfix 2>?? Orio Hal~ordxae HmorpxEip{arc ag ^ybfdh Miofpm AbxirwopardixPmixi Ri`,Olbir,Kriie Hmorpx xma{ pmi `opo yxi` de pmi 2>?? fahof oypmardpt oe` hayeptmiofpm ~ragdfix oe` ~rixiep orio hal~ordxaex% Pmixi hmorpx ori boxi` ae pmi garlir Xpropikdh

Miofpm Oypmardpt oriox%mpp~:!!{{{%o~ma%ark%yc!`igoyfp%ox~}1_E??

Miofpm Xyrwit gar Iekfoe` 2>?>EMX Degarlopdae HiepriPmi lode gahyx ag pmi MXI de 2>?> {ox rix~dropart miofpm oe` fyek gyehpdae% O``dpdaeofla`yfix ag qyixpdaex {iri ofxa dehfy`i`& hawirdek haeprohi~pdae oe` xi}yof miofpm&{iffbidek& cd`eit `dxioxi oe` `iepof miofpm%mpp~:!!{{{%dh%emx%yc!~ybx!mxi?>ri~arpPrie` pobfix ori owodfobfi op mpp~:!!{{{%dh%emx%yc!xpopdxpdhx,oe`,`opo,haffihpdaex!miofpm,oe`,fdgixptfix,rifopi`,xyrwitx!miofpm,xyrwit,gar,iekfoe`!miofpm,xyrwit,gar,iekfoe`,,2>?>,prie`,

pobfix

EMX Opfox ag Wordopdae de Miofpmhori 2>??EMX Rdkmp HoriPmdx opfox aggirx hfdedhdoex oe` halldxxdaeirx o grixm a~~arpyedpt pa d`iepdgt wordopdae oe`poci ohpdae pa ri`yhi ye{orroepi` wordopdae& oe` mdkmfdkmpx Rdkmp Horix {arc pa xy~~arp pmaxi{oepdek pa ri`yhi ye{orroepi` wordopdae {dpmde pmidr fahofdpt ar bip{iie pmidr fahofdpt oe` apmiroriox ag pmi hayeprt%mpp~:!!{{{%rdkmphori%emx%yc!de`i}%~m~!opfox!opfox,ag,wordopdae,2>??!

Ei{ ~ybfdh miofpm xtxpil

@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx xirdix ag gohpxmiipx kdwix lari `ipodf ae pmi `ixdke ag pmi ei{ ~ybfdh miofpm xtxpil&dehfy`dek pmi rafi oe` rix~aexdbdfdpdix ag fahof kawireliep de ~ybfdh miofpm& pmi a~iropdekla`if gar pmi ei{ i}ihypdwi okieht ^ybfdh Miofpm Iekfoe` oe` oe awirwdi{ ag ma{ pmi {mafixtxpil {dff {arc%mpp~:!!miofpmoe`hori%`m%kaw%yc!~ybfdh,miofpm,xtxpil!

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?4

Gdrxp laepmft y~`opi[ixp Ld`foe`x ^ybfdh Miofpm Proexdpdae Xpiirdek Kray~mpp~:!!{{{%{l~ma%ark%yc!fg~m!`ahx!ProexdpdaeQBrdigQ@ihQ??%~`g

Dpilx de pmi Miofpm Rigarlx xihpdae lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

Xogikyor`dek Hmdf`rie oe` Wyfeirobfi O`yfpx

Oxxixxliep: Gdeoehdof hrdli okodexp wyfeirobfi o`yfpxXahdof Hori Dexpdpypi gar I}hiffiehiPmdx ri~arp odli` pa haexd`ir pmi i}piep ag pmi ~rabfil ag gdeoehdof hrdli okodexp wyfeirobfio`yfpx& oe` pa loci xpropikdh rihallie`opdaex pa ri`yhi pmi pmriop% Dp ofxa faacx op pmi rafiag pmi ~ybfdh xihpar& pmi EMX oe` miofpmhori ~ragixxdaeofx de xogikyor`dek o`yfpx gralgdeoehdof hrdli%mpp~:!!{{{%xhdi%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!ri~arpx!ri~arp04%ox~

Baor` Oxxyroehi ^ral~p: xogikyor`dekKaa` Kawireoehi DexpdpypiPmdx ~ral~p dx o gdwi,xpi~ lopyrdpt loprdhix la`if pmop hmoffiekix arkoedxopdaex pa oxxixxpmidr o~~raohm pa ~rapihpdek wyfeirobfi o`yfpx de pmidr hori%mpp~:!!{{{%kaa`,kawireoehi%ark%yc!@a{efao`x!2>??)2>@ih)2>Xogikyor`dek)2>BO^%~`g

Bydf`dek ^orpeirxmd~x& Xpotdek Xogi ,Pmi miofpm xihpar haeprdbypdae pa MLKawireliepx ^riwiep xpropikt: kyd`oehi gar miofpmhori {arcirx@i~orpliep ag Miofpmmpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oeh

i!@MQ?8?4??

Fahof Hmdf` Xogikyor`dek ^irgarloehi Degarlopdae@i~orpliep gar I`yhopdaePmi hmdf` xogikyor`dek ~irgarloehi degarlopdae& {mdhm pmi @i~orpliep rihallie`x fahoforiox haffihp& mox biie rigroli` ox o xip ag qyixpdaex% Fahof oriox xmayf` hmoffiekipmilxifwix pa oex{ir pmixi qyixpdaex de ar`ir pa ye`irxpoe` oe` dl~rawi pmi ~irgarloehi agpmidr hmdf` ~rapihpdae xirwdhi% Pmi rihallie`i` xip ag degarlopdae dx boxi` ae pmi LyeraRiwdi{%mpp~:!!{{{%i`yhopdae%kaw%yc!lyerariwdi{!HX^D%xmplf

Xogikyor`dek o`yfpx op rdxc ag morl: O fikof kyd`i gar ~rohpdpdaeirxXahdof Hori Dexpdpypi gar I}hiffiehiPmdx kyd`i dx depie`i` pa xirwi ox o ~adepir pa pmi fo{% Dp prdix pa i}~fode pmi fo{ de rioxaeobftxdl~fi pirlx& xa dp dx xifihpdwi oe` `aix eap xip ayp gyff `ipodfx ag iohm orio ag fo{ hawiri`%Gyrpmir o`wdhi {dff agpie bi eii`i`& byp oe o{orieixx ag pmi fo{ hoe mif~ ~rohpdpdaeirx oxcpmi rdkmp xarp ag qyixpdae oe` i}~fari ~axxdbfi xafypdaex%mpp~:!!{{{%xhdi%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!ri~arpx!ri~arp9>%ox~

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

2>

Xirwdhi Loeokiliep

Ohmdiwiliep ag gaye`opdae pryxp xpopyx bt EMX max~dpof pryxpxMayxi ag Hallaex ^ybfdh Ohhayepx HalldppiiPmdx ri~arp faacx op hmoffiekix gohdek max~dpofx {mdhm mowi eap tip oppodei` Gaye`opdae Pryxp

xpopyx%mpp~:!!{{{%~ybfdhopdaex%~orfdoliep%yc!~o!hl2>?>?2!hlxifihp!hl~ybohh!?977!?977>2%mpl

Baor` kawireoehi oxxyroehi groli{arc gar ox~droep gaye`opdae pryxpx@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPa mif~ ~ri~ori ox~droep Gaye`opdae Pryxpx pa liip pmdx hal~ipieht& pmi @i~orpliep moxhalldxxdaei` o loe`opart baor` oxxyroehi groli{arc& `iwifa~i` de ~orpeirxmd~ {dpmi}dxpdek GPx oe` apmir xpocimaf`irx%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?90;

Pmi ipmdhx ag xyxpodeobfi miofpm oe` xahdof hori: Pa{or`x o groli{arc gar `ihdxdae,locdekXahdof Hori Dexpdpypi gar I}hiffiehiPmdx ri~arp i}oldeix pmi ipmdhof hmoffiekix ~apiepdofft ~axi` bt gohpardek iewdraeliepofayphalix depa `dggiriep fiwifx ag miofpm oe` xahdof hori `ihdxdae,locdek& dehfy`dek rixayrhioffahopdae oe` priopliepx%mpp~:!!{{{%xhdi%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!ri~arpx!ri~arp9?%ox~

Deeawopdae& miofpm oe` {iofpm: ohhifiropdek o`a~pdae oe` `dggyxdae de pmi EMX@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx `ahyliep xipx ayp oe depikropi` xip ag lioxyrix pmop pakipmir {dff xy~~arp pmi o`a~pdaeoe` `dggyxdae ag deeawopdae ohraxx pmi EMX oe` xipx o `ifdwirt okie`o pmop {dff xdkedgdhoepftrol~ y~ pmi ~ohi oe` xhofi ag hmoeki oe` deeawopdae%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?244

Pmi Depikropi` O~~raohm pa ^foeedek oe` Oxxyroehi bip{iie @M oe` pmi EMX gar2>?2!?8@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx kyd`i xy~~arpx pmi ohhayepobdfdpt orroekiliepx pmop bt pmi ie` ag Lorhm 2>?2& off ^HPhfyxpirx xmayf` mowi oe depikropi` ~foe ox riqydri` de pmi EMX A~iropdek Groli{arc2>?2!?8%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?4;0

Cii~ dp xdl~fi1 ~ri`dhpdek ~rdlort miofpm hori haxpx {dpm lioxyrix ag larbd`dpt oe`lyfpdlarbd`dptHiepri gar Miofpm Ihaealdhx% Yedwirxdpt ag Tarc%Pmdx ~o~ir dewixpdkopix pmi rifopdaexmd~ bip{iie ~opdiepx ~rdlort hori haxpx -haexyfpopdaex&pixpx& `rykx$ oe` pmidr oki& kie`ir& `i~rdwopdae oe` ofpireopdwi lioxyrix ag pmidr larbd`dptoe` lyfpdlarbd`dpt%mpp~:!!{{{%tarc%oh%yc!hmi!ei{x!rixiorhm,~o~ir,;2!

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

2?

EMX Ayphalix Groli{arc 2>?2,?8@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmdx `ahyliep xipx ayp pmi hmoekix pmop mowi biie lo`i pa pmi de`dhoparx de pmi EMXAyphalix Groli{arc oe` dx `ixdkei` pa mif~ EMX arkoedxopdaex pa xporp pa pmdec pmraykm{mop pa gahyx ae ayphalix lioex de ~rohpdhof pirlx%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oeh

i!@MQ?8?;>>

EMX Xpoe`or` Haeprohpx gar 2>?2!?8@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmi EMX Xpoe`or` Haeprohp xmayf` bi yxi` bt Halldxxdaeirx {mie halldxxdaedek& Ohypi&Liepof Miofpm oe` Fioredek @dxobdfdpt& Hallyedpt ar Olbyfoehi Xirwdhix%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?4==

A~iropdek Groli{arc gar pmi EMX de Iekfoe` 2>?2!?8EMX Haegi`iropdae

Pmdx brdigdek xipx ayp pmi cit ~adepx& oe` xali ag pmi x~ihdgdh ~adepx Haegi`iropdae lilbirxoxci` gar pmi Groli{arc pa dehfy`i%mpp~:!!{{{%emxhaegi`%ark!^ybfdhopdaex!brdigdekx!^okix!A~iropdek,Groli{arc,2>?2,?8%ox~}

Fixxaex fiorei` gral Laedpar+x riwdi{ ag xdkedgdhoep Proexgarldek HallyedptXirwdhix proexohpdaexLaedparPmdx xmarp ri~arp xipx ayp xali ag pmi fixxaex fiorei` gral pmi rdxc iwofyopdae ~rahixx agrihiep xdkedgdhoep Proexgarldek Hallyedpt Xirwdhix -PHX$ proexohpdaex% Dp odlx pa ieobfigaye`opdae pryxpx ye`irpocdek proexohpdaex de pmi gypyri pa `ifdwir ~rajihpx xyhhixxgyfft%mpp~:!!{{{%laedpar,emxgp%kaw%yc!mali!ei{x,iwiepx,oe`,~ybfdhopdaex!ayr,~ybfdhopdaex!bra{xi,

hopikart!kyd`oehi,gaye`opdae,pryxpx!loe`op

[mafi xtxpil `ilaexpropar ~rakrolli: Mio`fdei gde`dekx@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmi [mafi Xtxpil @ilaexpropar ~rakrolli {ox xip y~ bt pmi @i~orpliep ag Miofpm paxma{ {mop pifimiofpm oe` pifihori dx ho~obfi ag% Dp ofxa odlx pa ~rawd`i o hfior iwd`iehi boxipa xy~~arp dl~arpoep dewixpliep `ihdxdaex oe` xma{ ma{ pmi pihmeafakt xy~~arpx ~ia~fi pafdwi de`i~ie`iepft& poci haepraf oe` bi rix~aexdbfi gar pmidr a{e miofpm oe` hori%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?7=0

Dpilx de pmi Miofpm Rigarlx oe` [arcgarhi xihpdaex lot ofxa bi ag depirixp%

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

22

Xi}yof oe` Ri~ra`yhpdwi Miofpm

iFioredek: Xi}yof& ri~ra`yhpdwi oe` liepof miofpmXahdof Hori Dexpdpypi gar I}hiffiehiPmixi rixayrhix mowi biie `iwifa~i` gar liepof miofpm ~ragixxdaeofx& ox oe ioxt,pa,yxi

kyd`i pa cit ox~ihpx ag xi}yof oe` ri~ra`yhpdwi miofpm de pmi haepi}p ag liepof dffeixx%mpp~:!!{{{%xhdi%ark%yc!~ybfdhopdaex!ifioredek!xi}yofmiofpm!de`i}%ox~

EMX Haeprohi~pdwi Xirwdhix: Iekfoe`& 2>?>!??& Hallyedpt Haeprohi~pdwi HfdedhxEMX Degarlopdae HiepriPmdx oeeyof ri~arp ~rixiepx degarlopdae ae EMX hallyedpt haeprohi~pdwi hfdedhx {mdhmdehfy`i goldft ~foeedek hfdedhx oe` hfdedhx rye bt wafyeport arkoedxopdaex xyhm ox BraacO`wdxart Hieprix% Degarlopdae ae EMX hallyedpt haeprohi~pdwi hfdedhx i}hfy`ix xirwdhix~rawd`i` de ayp,~opdiep hfdedhx oe` pmaxi ~rawd`i` bt Kieirof ^rohpdpdaeirx%mpp~:!!{{{%dh%emx%yc!xpopdxpdhx,oe`,`opo,haffihpdaex!miofpm,oe`,fdgixptfix!haeprohi~pdae!emx,haeprohi~pdwi,xirwdhix,iekfoe`,2>?>,??,hallyedpt,haeprohi~pdwi,hfdedhx

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\

[arcgarhi

Hiexyx ag haexyfpoep ~mtxdhdoex oe` li`dhof rikdxprorx de pmi YC& 2>?>Ratof Haffiki ag ^mtxdhdoexPmi ri~arp xpopix pmop pmi EMX rilodex rifdoep ae `ahparx {arcdek faekir pmoe pmidr haeprohpi`mayrx& oe` pmi eylbir ag mayrx haexyfpoepx ori haeprohpi` pa {arc mox goffie xfdkmpft oxmax~dpofx {arc pa loci iggdhdieht xowdekx% Dp ofxa xma{x haexyfpoepx ori fixx owodfobfi pa prode

jyedar `ahparx& {mdhm mox dl~fdhopdaex gar pmi gypyri {arcgarhi%mpp~:!!{{{%rh~fae`ae%oh%yc!rixayrhix!2>?>,hiexyx,xyllort

Iekokdek tayr xpogg `yrdek ~irda`x ag hmoekiEMX Il~fatirxPmdx qydhc kyd`i aggirx xali pd~x oe` pihmedqyix pmop lot bi mif~gyf%mpp~:!!{{{%emxil~fatirx%ark!Il~fatliep^afdhtOe`^rohpdhi!xpogg,iekokiliep!^okix!Iekokdektayrxpogg`yrdek~irda`xaghmoeki%ox~}

Loeokiliep ag MDW,degihpi` miofpmhori {arcirx@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmi eopdaeof kyd`oehi {mdhm ~rixiepft rixprdhpx miofpmhori {arcirx degihpi` {dpm MDW gral~irgarldek i}~axyri ~raei ~rahi`yrix mox biie riwdi{i` bt o jadep {arcdek kray~ ag pmi

I}~irp O`wdxart Kray~ ae OD@X3 pmi YC O`wdxart ^oeif gar Miofpmhori [arcirx Degihpi` {dpmBfaa`,barei Wdryxix oe` pmi O`wdxart Kray~ ae Mi~opdpdx% Pmdx haexyfpopdae ~o~ir xiicxwdi{x ae rihallie`opdaex gral pmi {arcdek kray~ gar hmoekix pa pmi hyrriep ~afdht ae MDW,degihpi` miofpmhori {arcirx%Hfaxdek `opi gar halliepx: 4 Lorhm 2>?2mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!Haexyfpopdaex!Fdwihaexyfpopdaex!@MQ?8?982

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EMX Fdbrort oe` Degarlopdae Xirwdhi Earpm Xpoggar`xmdri

Loeokdek oe` xy~~arpdek liepof miofpm op {arc: `dxhfaxyri paafx gar loeokirxLde` oe` Hmorpiri` Dexpdpypi ag ^irxaeeif oe` @iwifa~liepPmdx kyd`i odlx pa mif~ il~fatirx iexyri pmop ma{ pmit loeoki ~ia~fi xy~~arpx pmidr liepof{iffbidek oe` rixdfdiehi& oe` ofxa iehayroki lari il~fatiix pa pofc obayp oet liepof miofpmdxxyix pmit lot bi gohdek op oe iorft xpoki%mpp~:!!{{{%lde`%ark%yc!oxxipx!>>>?!78?0!LoeokdekQoe`Qxy~~arpdekQLMQopQ{arc%~`g

Rili`dopdae ri~arp@i~orpliep ag MiofpmPmi gahyx ag pmdx ri~arp dx pa o``rixx hfdedhof hal~ipiehi oe` ho~obdfdpt dxxyix ahhyrrdek de`ahparx ea faekir de pmi prodedek kro`ix%mpp~:!!{{{%`m%kaw%yc!ie!^ybfdhopdaexoe`xpopdxpdhx!^ybfdhopdaex!^ybfdhopdaex^afdhtOe`Kyd`oehi!@MQ?8?;48

Sbohc pa pa~dhx\