Climate Change Seminar 2019 Together We Can Do Better MITC Melaka, 3 - 4 July 2019 Melaka State Health Department & Disease Control Division Ministry of Health Malaysia Resilience towards Climate Change 04 Dr. Rohaida Ismail, Public Health Medicine Specialist
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Climate Change Seminar 2019Together We Can Do Better
MITC Melaka, 3-4 July 2019
Melaka State Health Department & Disease Control Division
Ministry of Health Malaysia
Resilience towards Climate Change04
Dr. Rohaida Ismail, Public Health Medicine Specialist
Presentation Outline
Introduction to resilience
Towards climate resilience
Health system resilience
Conclusion
1. Introduction to resilience
Transform the energy, industry, transport, food, agriculture and forestry systems
• To bring environmental health within the development plans
• To reduce GHGs
• To ensure that we can limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees
Build resilience to impact of CC
• Need to anticipate, adapt and become resilient to the current and future impacts of climate change
Mitigation
Adaptation
COP21 2015:
Malaysia reaffirm
its commitment to
maintain at least
50% level of
forest and tree
cover
Introduction to resilience
Definition of related concepts
Vulnerability
Adaptive
Capacity
Climate
Risk
Resilience
Climate Risk
Climate
Risk
“The combination of the likelihood (probability of occurrence) and the
consequences of an adverse event (e.g. tropical cyclone, drought, flood).”
(UNDP 2011)
…..refers to the probability of
occurrence of the impacts of
climate change, such as drought
and flooding.
Global Climate Risk Index 2019
Vulnerability to climate change
Vulnerability
“The degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of
climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the
character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which a system is exposed, its
sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.”
(IPCC 2007)
• The vulnerability of systems,
including human,
geophysical, biological and
socio-economic systems to
climate change differs
substantially across regions
and across populations within
regions.
• Vulnerability to climate
change deals with the extent
to which climate change may
damage or harm both
natural and human
systems.
Vulnerable Groups to Heat and Extreme
Events
Strongly influenced by socioeconomic and demographic factors
• Effective risk reduction depends crucially on targeting interventions for populations at particular risk and in modifying amenable risk factors.
Populations at particular risk include:
• Elderly
• Pregnant women
• Young children
• Patients with chronic diseases; for example, people with diabetes, obese and those with cognitive impairments
• Outdoor seasonal workers; unfavorable living conditions and intense physical activities
• Travelers
• Socially disadvantaged or isolated groups; substance abusers or homeless, women living in single households and certain specific ethnic communities
• Migrants, refugees and internally displaced people
“The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure
and ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organisation, and the
capacity to adapt to stress and change.” (IPCC 2007)
Resilience is an indication of the ability of a system to absorb changes and is
thus closely related to the concept of adaptive capacity.
Adaptive
Capacity
Resilience
“The whole of capabilities, resources and institutions of
a country or region to implement effective
adaptation measures.”
(IPCC 2007)
Conceptual framework for resilience
2. Towards climate resilience
Climate resilience
Population
Infrastructure
Natural resources
Governance
(a) Population
Equitable reduction of vulnerability by building community capacity and
ensuring provision of critical services, particularly in communities that bear
the brunt of climate impacts.
Population
Heat Management
• Heat management plans and actions are in place to support population including workers
• Priority locations are identified for implementation of cooling and shading infrastructure or programs
Air Quality Management
• Reduced airborne emissions from high-impact sources
• Updated management plans to respond to high risk air quality events
Community Outreach
• To have the resources they need to take action on climate change, enabling to adapt
(b) Infrastructure
Stronger and smarter infrastructure to withstand extreme weather events
Backup Power for Critical
Infrastructure
Identified the infrastructure that is most essential for
continuity of service delivery
Back-up power requirements of critical
facilities - prioritized based on a climate change
vulnerability assessment
Specific upgrades, new backup power systems, or
plans to provide mobile power in response to power
outages
- identified collaboration with partners
Key Sectors Affected by Climate Change
Disaster Risk Reduction
Education Energy Fisheries
Food And Agriculture
Forestry Health Education
Nature & Ecosystem
ConservationSpatial Planning Tourism Transport
Waste Water
Health sectors
Ultrafiltration Membrane System
Water Filter
Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG)
Water Generation
Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RHS)
Water Collection
Design Standards and Practices
Expansion and maintenance of detailed climate data to inform infrastructure design decisions
Updated design guidelines and practices across business units, including infrastructure design specifications, building code and other local guidelines
(c) Natural resources
The root of resilience - Maximizing the services provided by
natural systems
Natural Assets Management
A coordinated approach to
conserve and enhance natural assets as part of
ongoing asset management
processes
Management and protection of natural
assets and systems, such as
soils and stormwater
Increased number of healthy, well adapted natural
assets
Updated planning and development practices for soil and vulnerable
locations such as river banks and
flood prone areas
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies
Source: Oxfam 2009 p 5
Water management
Flood Management
• Enhanced long-term vision for flood resilience to reflect changing climate conditions
• Aligned land use planning processes with flood risks and management practices
Stormwater Management
• Assessed design guidelines for stormwater management to deal with more intense storms
• Flood warning systems and response plans in place to address more frequent localized flooding situations
Long Term Water Supply
• Advanced drought management and response plans to manage the risk of declining water supply
• Strategic investments in water supply infrastructure and water demand management programs
(d) Governance
Participatory and integrated processes that bring together stakeholders
across sectors and jurisdictions to cultivate shared ownership of
resilience-building strategies.
Multiple
Stakeholders
Stakeholder Network
Communities and Citizens
Trade Unions
Civil Society Groups
Academic Institutions
BusinessesPolicy Makers
Government Administrators and Planners
Media
International Partners
Governance
Budgeting and Investment Priorities
• Leaders and project managers are aware of climate change risks and potential resilience solutions
• Corporate and departmental risk management and budgeting processes explicitly include climate change resilience criteria
Planning and Processes
• Plans and policies ensure that communities, neighborhoods, infrastructure and services are designed to respond to anticipated climate changes
Severe Weather Response and Recovery Management
• Systematically updated disaster risk reduction strategies that consider how climate change will increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather events
• Partners in developing their own response and recovery plans
3. Health System Resilience
A climate resilient health system is one that is capable to anticipate, respond to, cope with,
recover from and adapt to climate-related shocks
and stress, so as to bring sustained improvements
in population health, despite an unstable
climate
~WHO
Building health system resilience to climate change is a cumulative process.
1. Make resilience a goal
2. Build capacity
3. Include the whole health system
4. Extend beyond health sector
5. Extend into community
Ten
Components
to Build
Climate-
resilient
Health
Systems
Leadership and governance (1)
Health workforce (2)
COMPONENT 1: Leadership and governance
• Governance
• Climate change and health focal points designated within the health ministry with specific programme of action and budget allocated
• Policy
• National strategy on health and climate change and/or H-NAP developed.
• Cross-sectoral collaboration
• Health representation ensured in main climate change processes at national, regional and global levels
COMPONENT 2: Health workforce
• Human resource skill building, training and education
• Training courses on climate change and health topics targeting health personnel conducted
• Organizational capacity development
• Contingency plans for the deployment of sufficient health personnel in case of acute shocks, such as extreme weather events and outbreaks developed at the relevant level
In order for the health sector to ensure effective health in a changing climate, it is key to understand how health and the system itself are going to be affected by climate variability and change and which health adaptation options are more
appropriate to effectively protect and promote health.
A key assessment is the Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (V&A).
Comp. 3: Vulnerability, capacity &
adaptation assessment / VNA
The information generated by meteorological agencies needs to be connected to preventive
actions by health and other sectors to form a heat-health action plan
Comp. 4: Integrated risk monitoring and
early warning/ Heat early warning system
Research agenda: multidisciplinary national research
agenda on climate change and health defined and endorsed by
stakeholders
Support for research: research capacity on climate change and
health built by supporting relevant multidisciplinary networks, making available financial resources and
creating training opportunities
Connect to policy: research findings on climate change and
health disseminated to and used by policy makers.
Comp. 5: Health and climate research
Example 1. Restoring
mangroves in some coastal
zones is an adaptation
measure to increase resilience
to coastal storms. At the same
time, mangroves can provide
livelihoods that can improve
human well-being, also
through the increase in food
security.
Example 2. Water
conservation could increase
availability of enough water
for human consumption. When
promoting water availability,
water quality issues should be
properly addressed.
Comp. 7: Managing the environmental
determinants of health / Health co-benefits of
adaptation in other sectors
Sector Focus ― Agriculture: Examples of Possible Adaptation Measures
Climate change, interacting with a range of other factors, placesincreasing stress on health.
• Equitable response to protect and improve populationvulnerability and health outcome from climate variability andclimate change
• Implement in a flexible way to take into account different localcontexts, take advantage of new evidence, experience andlessons learned from local and global in different changingcircumstances.