Annex I Expert Group Seminar “Working Together to Respond to Climate Change” Annex I Expert Group Seminar “Working Together to Respond to Climate Change” Paris, 27-28 March 2006 Paris, 27 Paris, 27 - - 28 28 March March 2006 2006 VÍCTOR POCHAT VÍCTOR POCHAT VÍCTOR POCHAT Domestic Policy Frameworks on Adaptation to Climate Change in Water Resources Argentina Country Case Study Domestic Policy Frameworks on Adaptation to Domestic Policy Frameworks on Adaptation to Climate Change Climate Change in in Water Resources Water Resources Argentina Country Case Argentina Country Case Study Study ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
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Annex I Expert Group Seminar“Working Together to Respond to Climate Change”
Annex I Expert Group Seminar“Working Together to Respond to Climate Change”
Paris, 27-28 March 2006Paris, 27Paris, 27--28 28 MarchMarch 20062006
VÍCTOR POCHATVÍCTOR POCHATVÍCTOR POCHAT
Domestic Policy Frameworks on Adaptation to Climate Change in Water ResourcesArgentina Country Case Study
Domestic Policy Frameworks on Adaptation to Domestic Policy Frameworks on Adaptation to Climate Change Climate Change in in Water ResourcesWater ResourcesArgentina Country Case Argentina Country Case StudyStudy
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
IMAGE NOAAIMAGE NOAA
3700km
HIPSOMETRYHIPSOMETRY
1500 km
CLIMATECLIMATE
WARM
TEMPLATE
ARID
COLD
ARGENTINA PHISIOGRAFIC CHARACTERISTICSARGENTINA PHISIOGRAFIC CHARACTERISTICS
ARGENTINA SURFACE WATERARGENTINA SURFACE WATER
1. Bermejo 2. Juramento3. Tercero 4. Jáchal 5. San Juan 6. Tunuyán 7. Diamante 8. Atuel 9. Neuquén
1- Misiones2- Corrientes3- Entre Ríos4- Buenos Aires5- Formosa6- Chaco7- Santa Fe8- Jujuy9- Salta10- Tucumán11- Santiago del Estero12- Catamarca13- Córdoba14- La Rioja15- San Juan16- Mendoza17- San Luis18- La Pampa19- Neuquén20- Río Negro21- Chubut 22- Santa Cruz23- Tierra del Fuego,
Antártida e Islas delAtlántico Sur
24- Ciudad Autónoma deBuenos Aires
ARGENTINA POLITICAL DIVISIONARGENTINA POLITICAL DIVISION
1
4
8
910
1112
13
1415
1617
1819
20
21
22
23
2
3
56
7
24
LEGAL ASPECTSLEGAL ASPECTS
Argentina is a representative and federal republic
The National Constitution establishes:
Section 124:
“the provinces have the original dominion over the natural resources existing in their territories”
ARGENTINA POLITICAL DIVISION + DRAINAGE NETWORKARGENTINA POLITICAL DIVISION + DRAINAGE NETWORK
Directorate for Social EmergenciesNavy Hydrographic Service (SHN)
National Directorate for Traumas, Emergencies and Disasters
Argentinean Naval Prefecture
National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA)- Climate and Water Institute
National Meteorological Service
National Commission for Space Activities (CONAE)
National Council of Scientific and Technical Research
Navy Hydrographic Service (SHN)Undersecretariat of Harbours and Navigable Ways
National Meteorological Service (SMN)Secretariat of Energy
National Water Institute (INA) Warning Systems
Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food
Directorate for Civil ProtectionMinistry of Foreign Affairs, International Commerce and Cults (MRECIyC)
Emergency Federal SystemMinistry of Internal Affairs (MI)
Climate Change Unit (UCC)
Central Sub-Unit of Coordination for Emergency (SUCCE)
Argentinean Office for Clean Development Mechanisms
Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development (SAyDS)
Undersecretariat of Water ResourcesUndersecretariat of Water Resources
CC Impact on WRClimate Change (CC)Water Resources (WR)ARGENTINA NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL ORGANISATIONS
FEDERAL WATER COUNCIL(CONSEJO HÍDRICO FEDERAL – COHIFE)
FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT COUNCIL
(CONSEJO FEDERAL DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE –COFEMA)
#
0 300 km
I
IIIII
IV
V VIVII
VIII
I. Comisión Regional del Río Bermejo (COREBE)
II. Comité de Cuenca del Río Pasaje - Juramento - Salado
III. Comité de Cuenca del Río Salí-Dulce
IV. Comité de Cuenca del Río Abaucán - Colorado - Salado
V. Comisión Interjurisdiccional de la Cuenca de la Laguna La Picasa
VI. Comité Ejecutor del Plan de Gestión Ambiental
y Manejo de la Cuenca Hídrica Matanza - Riachuelo
VII. Comité Interjurisdiccional del Río Colorado (COIRCO)
VIII. Autoridad Interjurisdiccional de las Cuencas
de los Ríos Limay, Neuquén y Negro (AIC)
INTERJURISDICTIONAL ORGANISATIONS
SELECTED ORGANISATIONS NATION - PROVINCES
TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERSTRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS
LA PLATA RIVER BASINLA PLATA RIVER BASINLA PLATA RIVER BASIN
BRASIL
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
ARGENTINA
URUGUAY
CH
ILE
Intergovernmental Coordinating Committee of the Countries of the La Plata Basin (CIC)
is developing the project
“A Framework for the Sustainable Management of the Water Resources of the La Plata Basin,
with respect to the Hydrological Effects of Climatic Variability and Change”
A good opportunity to mainstream adaptation on international shared rivers
MAIN BASINS WITH SHARED WATER RESOURCES
BETWEEN ARGENTINA AND CHILE (Argentinean sector)
NEUQUÉN
RÍO NEGRO
CHUBUT
SANTACRUZ
TIERRA DELFUEGO
ISLASMALVINAS
Buenos Aires and Pueyrredón Lakes
Hua – Hum River
Manso and Puelo Rivers
Futaleufú River
Carrenleufú, EncuentroEngaño and Pico Rivers
Simpson River
Mayer and San Martín Lakes
Vizcachas, Zanja Honda and Guillermo Rivers
Gallegos and Chico Rivers
Fagnano Lake
Grande River and minor creeks
TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERSTRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS
Present climatic hazardous processes
Temperature increase. More frequent intense precipitations; fluvial valley floods. Glacier diminution. Floods. Wood biomass fires. Desertification. Coastal erosion.
Patagonia (Neuquén, Río Negro, La Pampa, Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego and Islands)
Yungas (hot tropical valleys) with high hydro-geological risk. Fast floods originating in intense summer storms. Desertification. Severe storms.
Northwest (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, S. del Estero, Catamarca, La Rioja)
Floods. Extraordinary low flows. Severe storms.
Northeast Litoral (Formosa, Chaco, Santa Fe, Misiones, Corrientes, EntreRíos)
Risk due to fast floods originating in intense summer storms. Droughts. Desertification.
Cuyo (San Juan, Mendoza, San Luis)
Droughts. Floods. Severe storms. Tornados. Centre (Córdoba, Buenos Aires)
Floods produced by “sudestadas” (strong southwest winds) and precipitations. Heat blows.
Metropolitan (Federal Capital and GBA)
HazardsRegions
WATER INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS WHICH FACILITATE THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE (CC)
CC ISSUES ARE PRESENT WITHIN THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURETHERE EXIST INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES (MAINLY HUMAN RESOURCES) TO DEAL WITH CC PROBABLE EFFECTSA STRONG PUBLIC OPINION HAS BEEN DEVELOPED DEMANDING RESPONSES TO HAZARDSTHE COUNTRY VARIED PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFFER MORE OPTIONS TO DEAL WITH THE PROBABLE EFFECTS OF CC (e.g. Energy, Agriculture)
WATER INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS WHICH CREATE OBSTACLES TO THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE
CHANGE (CC)
FREQUENT CHANGES IN THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURELACK OF COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL WATER RESOURCES PLANNING WEAK RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER AND CC INSTITUTIONSCC RESPONSES ALMOST EXCLUSIBLY FOCUSSED TO EMISSIONS REDUCTION AND NOT CONSIDERING OTHER ASPECTS, SUCH AS INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
SELECTED POSSIBLE NEW MEASURES TO IMPROVE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CC
appropriate legal frameworks that address integrated flood and drought management approaches based on risk management strategies;informed decision-making based on sound scientific knowledge, as well as local knowledge; a participatory and transparent approach that includes a representative range of stakeholders in the decision-making process; regional and subregional approaches, strategies and cooperation arrangements where rivers span two or more national or provincial boundaries; partnerships among different levels of government, civil society, private sector groups and communities; decentralized decision-making through provincial and local authorities and basin committees, including the provision of adequate resources;effective policies to regulate further growth of human settlements in risky areas including appropriate economic policies, such as fiscal incentives for orientation of economic activities away from disaster-prone areas; shifting from top-down, predominantly engineering approaches for flood or drought management to a more integrated and proactive approach.
SELECTED RECOMMENDATIONS
to establish a Risk Management Unit at national level – on the basis of an improved Federal Emergency System (SIFEM) - with a supra-sectoral character and the highest possible institutional hierarchy, in order to articulate the capacities of all the pertinent public and private organizations and of the representatives of the civil society; to define the risk management cycles for each of the types of potential disasters, identifying its specific characteristics in the different zones of the country and the forecasted impacts; to elaborate – from a participatory diagnosis – procedures and requirements in order to assist in the preparation of local contingency plans;to survey, organise and evaluate sectoral information related to social vulnerability (health, housing, jobs, food, transport, access to land property, access to credit, training, education, etc.) with especial reference to minorities (ethnic, age, gender) and for rural and urban environments; to develop widely comprehensive social networks for local management of vulnerability reduction, for fostering individual,communitarian and institutional responsibilities, including education campaigns in primary and high schools all over the country.