Climate Change and Ozone Loss G. Tyler Millers Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 21 G. Tyler Millers Living in the Environment 14 th Edition.

Climate Change and Ozone LossClimate Change and Ozone LossG. Tyler Miller’s

Living in the Environment14th Edition

Chapter 21

G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment

14th Edition

Chapter 21

Key ConceptsKey Concepts

Changes in Earth’s climate over time

Changes in Earth’s climate over time

Factors affecting climate Factors affecting climate

Possible effects of global warming

Possible effects of global warming

Adapting to climate change

Adapting to climate change

Human impacts on the ozone layer

Human impacts on the ozone layer

Protecting and restoring the ozone layer

Protecting and restoring the ozone layer

Past Climate ChangesPast Climate Changes

Past global temperatures Past global temperatures

Recent trends in global temperatures

Recent trends in global temperatures

The Greenhouse EffectThe Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse effect Greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases (Refer to Table 21-1 p. 464) Greenhouse gases (Refer to Table 21-1 p. 464)

Projecting Future Changes in Earth’s ClimateProjecting Future Changes in Earth’s Climate Climate models Climate models

Apparent influence of human activities

Apparent influence of human activities

Could be natural changes

Could be natural changes

Modeling from the 1990

Climate Change and Human ActivitiesClimate Change and Human Activities

Increased use of fossil fuels

Increased use of fossil fuels

Deforestation Deforestation

Global warming

Global warming Melting icecaps

and glaciers

Melting icecaps and glaciers

Rising sea level Rising sea level

Planet in Peril – Sea Level Rise

Factors Affecting the Earth’s TemperatureFactors Affecting the Earth’s Temperature

Changes in solar output Changes in solar output

Changes in Earth’s albedo Changes in Earth’s albedo

Moderating effect of oceans Moderating effect of oceans

Clouds and water vapor Clouds and water vapor

Air pollution Air pollution

Some Possible Effects of a Warmer WorldSome Possible Effects of a Warmer World

Possible Benefits from a Warmer AtmospherePossible Benefits from a Warmer Atmosphere

Less severe winters

More precipitation in some dry areas

Less precipitation in some wet areas

Increased food production in some areas

Expanded population and ranges of some species

Less severe winters

More precipitation in some dry areas

Less precipitation in some wet areas

Increased food production in some areas

Expanded population and ranges of some species

Solutions: Dealing with the Threat of Climate ChangeSolutions: Dealing with the Threat of Climate Change

OptionsOptions

Do nothing Do nothing

Do more research

Do more research

Act now to reduce risks

Act now to reduce risks

Precautionary principle

Precautionary principle

Removing CO2 from the Atmosphere

Removing CO2 from the Atmosphere

Reducing Greenhouse Gas EmissionsReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Kyoto Treaty (1997) Kyoto Treaty (1997)

Other reductions in CO2 Other reductions in CO2

U.S. withdraws from Kyoto Treaty (2001) U.S. withdraws from Kyoto Treaty (2001)

Capture and sequester

Loss of the Ozone Layer: Reasons for ConcernLoss of the Ozone Layer: Reasons for Concern

Increased incidence and severity of sunburn

Increased incidence and severity of sunburn

Increase in eye cataracts Increase in eye cataracts

Increased incidence of skin cancer Increased incidence of skin cancer

Immune system suppression Immune system suppression

Increase in acid deposition Increase in acid deposition

Lower crop yields and decline in productivity

Lower crop yields and decline in productivity

Seasonal Ozone Layer Thinning at the Poles

Seasonal Ozone Layer Thinning at the Poles

Ozone thinning (hole) Ozone thinning (hole)

Polar vortex Polar vortex

Skin Cancer

Ozone Depleting ChemicalsOzone Depleting Chemicals

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Halons Halons

Methyl bromide Methyl bromide

Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride

Methyl chloroform Methyl chloroform

Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen chloride

Ozone Depletion in the StratosphereOzone Depletion in the Stratosphere

Former Uses of CFCsFormer Uses of CFCs

Air Conditioners

Refrigerators

Spray cans

Cleaners for electronic parts

Sterilizing medical instruments

Fumigants for granaries and cargo ships

Air Conditioners

Refrigerators

Spray cans

Cleaners for electronic parts

Sterilizing medical instruments

Fumigants for granaries and cargo ships Solutions: Protecting the

Ozone LayerSolutions: Protecting the Ozone Layer

CFC substitutes CFC substitutes

Montreal Protocol Montreal Protocol

Copenhagen Protocol Copenhagen Protocol