By Dr Tayphasavanh Fengthong Director of Environmental Health Division Dr Sivixay Thammalangsy Director of Administrative Division Climate Change and Health Adaptation Strategy in Lao PDR The South East Asia Regional Workshop “ The Impact of Climate Change and Health”, 16-18 June 2009, Shangri-La Hotel, Jakarta,Indonesia
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Climate Change and Health Adaptation Strategy in Lao PDR
Country description Relationship between climate change and health Impacts of Climate change on different sectors in Lao PDR Impacts of Climate change on Health in Lao PDR What we have done so far? The way forward
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ByDr Tayphasavanh Fengthong
Director of Environmental Health DivisionDr Sivixay Thammalangsy
Director of Administrative Division
Climate Change and Health Adaptation Strategy in Lao PDR
The South East Asia Regional Workshop “ The Impact of Climate Change and Health”, 16-18 June 2009, Shangri-La Hotel,
Jakarta,Indonesia
Outlines
Country description
Relationship between climate change and health
Impacts of Climate change on different sectors in Lao PDR
Impacts of Climate change on Health in Lao PDR
What we have done so far?
The way forward
Thailand
Cambodia
Vietnam
China
Myanmar
Country description
Lao PDR is a land-linked country, and shares border with China, Vietnam,
Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar.
Total area : 236,800 km2
Population: 5.62 mill Density : 24 p/sqkm
17 provinces including Vientiane Capital
Capita income USD 500 /c/y
Total fertility rate: 4.9%,
Crude birth rates: 41% Crude death rates: 16%,
Adult literacy rate: (F: 50%; M:74%)
Population growth rate: 2.5% per year
Life expectancy: 61 years (F: 63; M: 59)
Population leaving in rural area: 72.8%
47 ethnic groups, covering120 ethnic sub-groups and languages
11,000+ small villages and mostly with poor road access
Agriculture = 80% of jobs, mostly subsistence farming in remote areas
Global Climate and Environmental Changespathways, health risks
Climate change
Immune suppression
Regional Weather Changes:
Heat wavesExtreme
weatherTemperaturePrecipitation
Health effectsTemperaturerelated illnesses and deathsExtreme weather eventsrelated healtheffectsAir pollution related healtheffectsWater and foodborn diseasesVector androdent bornediseasesMalnutritionMental health
Microbiological
economics
MicrobiologicalContaminationpathwaysTransmission
dynamicsAgro-ecosystemhydrology Socio-economics
demographics
Climate Climate change
ModulatingModulatinginfluences
Climate change and Health Impacts
Direct impact
Indirect impact
Impacts of Climate change On different sectors in Lao PDR
- High dependence on NR- Low adaptive capacity as LDC
A most recent study on climate change mapping for Southeast Asia, sponsored by the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA), ranked Lao PDR as a most vulnerable country.
Note: i) Unit = 1,000 tons; ii) CO2-eq = CO2 equivalent; iii) Conversion factors, 1 ton of CH4 = 21 tons of CO2-eq, 1 ton of N2O = 310 tons of CO2-eq.
GHG in1990CO2 CH4 N2O Total CO2-eq
Energy 414.90 22.70 0.12 928.80
Agriculture 0.00 271.27 0.00 5,696.67
LULUCF 16,628.67 29.50 0.20 17,310.17
Waste 0.00 11.43 0.00 240.03
Total 17,043.57 334.90 0.32 24,175.67
Agriculture sectorGHG in 1990
Land and Forestry changes
Trend of forests in Lao PDR
Released GHG in 1990
Energy sectorEnergy consumption Energy consumption by sector
Trends of energy consumption
Industry sector
Waste management sector• In 1990, CH4 released from landfill site and wastewater treatments equal to 11.20 and 0.23 tons with CO2eq = 2.4 mil tons (1% of National GHG released).
• There were only landfill sites in 5 big urban cities: Vientiane, Luangprabang, Thakek, Savannakhet and Pakse.
• In 2002, Cities in Vientiane Capital discharged yearly wastewater from industries = 8.22 mil m3.
Industrial Wastewater
1.4%2.5%
5.6%
90.5%
textile industrybeverage industrypulp & paper industrymeat processing industry
Annual Mean Temperature Trend in Major Cities for 1971 - 2007
Cases and deaths of hepatitis outbreak by district in Vientiane Province, 2008, Lao PDR
Case Death
Source: Epidemiology Division, Center for Laboratory and EpidemiologyDepartment of Hygiene andd Prevention, Ministry of Health
What we have done so far?
Regional Weather Changes:
Heat wavesExtreme
weatherTemperaturePrecipitation
Health effects
Mental health
Health effectsTemperaturerelated illnesses and deathsExtreme weather eventsrelated healtheffectsAir pollution related healtheffectsWater and foodborn diseasesVector androdent bornediseasesMalnutritionMental health
MicrobiologicalContaminationpathwaysTransmission
dynamicsAgro-ecosystemhydrology Socio-economics
demographics
Climate Climate change
ModulatingModulatinginfluences
Evaluation of adaptation
Health specific adaptation measuresResearch
needs
Driving forces
• Populationdynamics
• UnsustainableEconomic
development
Natural causes
GHG emissions
Adaptivecapacity
Mitigative capacity
Mitigation measures
1.First National Communication on Climat Change-FNC (completed)
2.Technology need Assessment for Mitigating Greenhouse Gases (completed)
3.Public Awareness on Climate Change (completed)4.National Adaptation Programmes of Action-NAPA (On
going)5.National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA) (On going) 6.Clean Development Mechanism –CDM (on going) 7.Second National Communication on Climat Change-SNC)
(Start implementation)
Projects under Projects under UNFCCCUNFCCC
88. Draft Policy/Strategy and National . Draft Policy/Strategy and National Environment and Health Action PlanEnvironment and Health Action Plan--NEHAPNEHAP
1.1. TWG on TWG on Air QualityAir Quality2.2. TWG on Water, Hygiene and SanitationTWG on Water, Hygiene and Sanitation3.3. TWG on Solid and Hazardous WasteTWG on Solid and Hazardous Waste4.4. TWG on Toxic Chemical and Hazardous SubstancesTWG on Toxic Chemical and Hazardous Substances5.5. TWG on Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and Ecosystem ChangeTWG on Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and Ecosystem Change6.6. TWG On Preparedness And Response In Environment Health EmergenciesTWG On Preparedness And Response In Environment Health Emergencies..
Draft National Strategy and Action Plan on Climate Change
Draft Strategy on Climate Change and Health Adaptation
Plan Implementation
NSCCC Chair
NSCCC Secretariat(DOE)
MPIVice Chair
WREAStanding Vice Chair
MAFVice Chair
Climate Change Office
8 TWGsMin. of Agriculture & Forest
Min. of Energy & MinesMin. of Public Works & Transport
Water Resources Environment AuthorityMin. of Planning & InvestmentLand Administration Authority
Min. of HealthMin. of Finance
UniversitiesPrivate sectors
International Organizations
TA
Vice Minister of Health
DOHP
EHD NEW HEC MC LEC
CD FDDPIDC
1. Finalize Draft Strategy on Climate Change and Health Adaptation:
– Educate and aware public and policy makers about climate change and health impacts including co-benefits with concerned sectors
– Enhance risk communication and management– Improve disaster public health preparedness,
planning and emergency response.– Undertaking vulnerability studies of existing water
supply and sanitation systems and ensuring that new systems are built to reduce vulnerability
– Strengthen food safety program
The Way Forward
– Enhance surveillance system– Conduct a study on health impact of climate change– Encourage active participation of concerned agencies to
mitigate climate change and Work in partnership with other agencies.
– Thermal stress management– Strengthen health care services at different levels
2. Disseminate and Implement Policy/Strategy and Policy/Strategy and National Environment and National Environment and ntHealth Action Health Action PlanPlan--NEHAPNEHAP
3. Disseminate National Nutrition Policy/Strategy and Finalize and Implement Nutrition Action Plan