CLIMATE ADAPTATION & COMMUNITY RESILIENCE Dr. Kelly Klima Climate Adaptation Policy Advisor NHMA-CCAP Resilience Webinar #1: Bridging the Gap between Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation December 18, 2012 Steve Winkelman Director of Adaptation and Transportation Programs, CCAP Photo source: Keystone USA-ZUMA/Rex Features
26
Embed
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience - Center for Clean
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
CCAP
CLIMATE ADAPTATION & COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
Dr. Kelly Klima Climate Adaptation Policy Advisor NHMA-CCAP Resilience Webinar #1: Bridging the Gap between Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation December 18, 2012
Steve Winkelman Director of Adaptation and Transportation Programs, CCAP
Photo source: Keystone USA-ZUMA/Rex Features
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Overview. Discuss adaption, provide some definitions and examples, identify some benefits and challenges. Flag topics for future webinars. Superstorm Sandy: Over $62 billion in losses. Examining losses normalized for inflation and population, this puts it in the top 4 hurricane losses (with 1900 Galveston =#1, Katrina #2) Estimates of $10-30 billion in business continuity losses alone. In NJ: $29.4 in damages and business continuity losses. $7.4 billion in preventation costs billion in physical losses In NY: $32.8 billion in damages and business continuity loss, $9.1 billion in prevention costs Traveler’s just indicated a net loss of $650 million. This is a window of opportunity
CCAP
CCAP USES DIALOGUE AND ANALYSIS TO ADVANCE COST-EFFECTIVE POLICY SOLUTIONS
1 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
US and international. Core focus on GHG reduction. Complemented by adaptation efforts. Public-private collaboration is key to robust solutions.
CCAP
“AN INCONVENIENT SEWER OVERFLOW….
2
… this is not about polar bears; it's about backed-up sewers in your streets or basements.”
~ Steve Winkelman in ClimateWire, May 4, 2012
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
CCAP
URBAN LEADERS ADAPTATION INITIATIVE
3
“Ask the Climate Question”
How will infrastructure and land development decisions affect GHG
emissions and resilience to climate change
impacts?
Partners: North American cities
Results: Commonplace use of
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
What you build where and how… King County, San Fran, LA, Phoenix, Milwaukee, Chicago, NYC, Nassau County, Miami-Dade County, Toronto.
CCAP
WEATHERING CLIMATE RISKS ADVANCES CORPORATE & COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
• Work with cities (e.g., NYC, DC) to enhance public-private action on climate resilience to: – Protect critical infrastructure and services – Ensure business continuity – Promote physical, economic and social resilience in the
face of extreme weather and a changing climate • Research: best practices, economics, visualizing
and measuring resilience • Workshops, webinars, blog
Supported by the 4 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Workshop in DC in the spring (DDOE, OP, Downtown BID). Worked with NYC companies – pre-Sandy challenging to get attention (Irene was a bit of a non-event), but lessons drawn: business continuity and energy resilience important. All hazards resilience – e.g., post 9/11 being able to shift operations offsite, employees work from home. Of course there are limits – my sister who works at 7 WTC was sleeping in front of her fireplace in NJ for 10 days…
CCAP
DEFINITIONS: NAVIGATING THE LINGO
Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
Prevention: Reducing the hazard Climate Change Mitigation: reducing GHG emissions
Preparedness: Reducing exposure and vulnerability Climate Change Adaptation informed by future projections.
Hazard Mitigation often shorter-term focus, informed by past events.
5
Resilience is the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, or more successfully adapt to actual or potential adverse events. ~ National Academy of Sciences
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Hazard = a storm. Exposure = number of people in the storm’s way Vulnerability = how likely those buildings/people are to break Main differences between adapt and haz mit may be institutional and cultural
CCAP
CLIMATE POLICY GOALS – ROLE OF ADAPTATION
Maximize GHG Mitigation, Adapt to what can’t be mitigated, Minimize Suffering and Enhance Resilience. (based on) John Holdren Director, White House OSTP
6
“It’s like breathing and eating” – we must reduce GHGs and adapt!
~ Ron Sims former King County Executive & HUD Deputy Secretary
CCAP
WHO IS PURSUING CLIMATE ADAPTATION? GOVERNMENTS
• Federal – U.S. Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force – Executive Order requires agencies to develop adaptation plans
• State – 13 states have completed climate adaptation plans – 9 states are developing or plan to develop plans
• Local, Regional, Tribal – 120 of 298 local governments surveyed have an adaptation plan – Tribal governments, especially northern regions, have extensive plans “Although substantial adaptation planning is occurring in various sectors, levels of government, and the private sector, few measures have been implemented and even fewer have been evaluated.” ~ National Climate Assessment
7 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Note that Ryan will discuss more of these in depth.
CCAP
WHO IS PURSUING CLIMATE ADAPTATION? PRIVATE SECTOR AND NGO EFFORTS
• Private Sector – Concerned about business continuity, supply and demand chains,
employee access, energy resilience – Utilities: Entergy, National Grid (UK), Toronto WeatherWise – Reinsurance: RenRe, SwissRe, MunichRe – PReP: Oxfam, Entergy, Swiss Re, Starbucks, Levis, Calvert – Real Estate: ULI, Boston Properties
“Adaptation starts with determining how well critical infrastructure is adapted to current climate and weather conditions.” ~ Jeff Williams, Entergy
• Non-Governmental Organizations
– ICLEI, CERES, Georgetown Law, CCAP, APA – Environmental groups: UCS, NRDC, TNC, NWF, WWF, Oxfam – Green Infrastructure: Low Impact Development Center, CNT
8 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
20-25% of losses from Sandy in private sector in NY: $6 billion (19% of 32), in NJ: $8.3 billion (29% of $29) – (23% total)
CCAP
WHAT DO ADAPTATION PRACTITIONERS DO?
1. Assess climate impacts – E.g., use climate models to asses different future scenarios
2. Identify risks and vulnerabilities
– Based on local context, such as critical infrastructure (elevation, state of repair), recent impacts, physical conditions (e.g., soil saturation), stakeholder analyses…
3. Assess potential solutions – Review best practices – Analyze effectiveness, costs and benefits
4. Develop and Implement Action Plan
– Define thresholds, prioritize short- and long-term actions – Measure progress and revise plans accordingly
5. Garner support for implementation
– Address top concerns of public and decision makers – Visualize solutions, quantify risks and benefits
9 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
In some way have to start with #5
CCAP
WE KNOW WHAT GHG MITIGATION LOOKS LIKE…
10 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
CCAP
BUT WE TYPICALLY USE DISASTER PHOTOS WHEN WE TALK ABOUT ADAPTATION.
11
CCAP
WHAT DOES CLIMATE RESILIENCE LOOK LIKE?
12
? Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
CCAP
IN CHICAGO, THE CITY HALL GREEN ROOF HELPS DECREASE THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT.
13
Source: Chicago Climate Action Plan report.
Green Roof: 74°F. Black asphalt roof next door: 151°F.
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
CCAP
IN FLORIDA, HURRICANE SHUTTERS PROTECT HOMES FROM FLYING DEBRIS AND PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS.
14
Problem Solution When a window or door breaks during a hurricane, the entire house quickly becomes pressurized and the roof can blow off. Source: Florida Hurricane Claim
Protect windows with shutters, e.g., Bahama shutters. Source: Fergosa Inc
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
CCAP
NYC METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY RETROFITS TO REDUCE SUBWAY FLOODING.
15
Problem Partial Solution NYC subway flooding after a 2007 storm. Source: MTA NYC Transit
MTA NYC Transit has allocated nearly $90 million toward raising ventilation grates and installing stair pads at subway entrances. Source: MTA NYC Transit
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
MTA also enhancing pumping capacity, shut down the system, moving trains and blocking off tunnels before a storm. More than $5 billion in damage from Sandy.
CCAP
…saves nine …saves nine four
A dollar spent on hazard mitigation saves society an average of $4. ~ Multihazard Mitigation Council
We tend to spend more cleaning up after disasters than planning ahead to prevent future losses.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2011, FEMA spent $5.6 billion on recovery, $1.6 billion on everything else including preparedness Of course, it’s easier to know where to provide assistance after disaster has struck.
CCAP
Problem Loss of mountain snowpack will increase future water needs. Source: Flickr Solution Save money in the future by installing distribution infrastructure for waste water for re-use in industry and agriculture upfront. Increased project costs by 2%. Source: Circle Blue
KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON BRIGHTWATER SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience 18
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Sewage!
CCAP 19
How a checklist could save $4 million!
Source: D. MacLeod, Toronto
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Storm in Toronto August 2005. $550 million in payouts, repairs. $4M to replace one culvert. Toronto has over 154 large culverts. Used to just build and leave. With climate change, inspection and maintenance has become far more important due to the increased frequency of extreme weather events.
CCAP
“GREEN” INFRASTRUCTURE CAN BE CHEAPER THAN GREY.
Catskills / NYC NYC Portland, OR Water filtration plant: $6.2B
Protect Catskills: $1.5B
Tanks, tunnels, and expansions for combined
sewer overflow: $3.9B
Green Infrastructure Plan: $2.4B
Normal infrastructure for storm water runoff:
$350M
Green practices, e.g. Downspout
Disconnection program: $12.75M
20 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
CCAP
Business Household Municipal / Regional
National
Return on Investment
… … … …
Savings on Expenditures
… … … …
Improved Quality of Life … … … …
MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS MEANS MULTIPLE PRIORITIES AND PERCEIVED BENEFITS.
21
CCAP’s Growing Wealthier matrix
Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
CCAP’s Growing Wealthier presented a matrix on how smart growth principles can improve the bottom line for businesses, households and governments in different areas such as return on investment, savings on expenditures, and improved quality of life.4 Weathering Climate Risks will apply this matrix to adaptation to help equip and empower urban decision-makers to maximize the economic benefits of adaptation.
CCAP
WHAT DO ADAPTATION PRACTITIONERS NEED? DATA, INFO, TOOLS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
• Improved data and information – Climate change and impacts (past/future, global/local, timing) – Local risks and vulnerabilities (infrastructure info, state of repair) – Stakeholder analyses
• Tools to assess solutions – Decision Making (costs/benefits for different stakeholders) – Resilience metrics
• Technical assistance from existing resources – Academia: Georgetown, Columbia University, OR State, RISAs – Govt, Climate/Weather: National Climate Assessment, NOAA – Govt, Planning, Hazard Mitigation: FEMA, FHWA, FEMA – NGOs: ICLEI, APA, CCAP
22 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Topics for future webinars. Climate scientists and adaptation experts need improved understanding of local needs for regionally-relevant technical assistance, metrics, and data, while adaptation practitioners can benefit greatly from best practices in hazard mitigation and evaluation Projected climate change impacts will likely tap the skills, tax the resources, and broaden the time horizons of hazard mitigation experts.
CCAP
WHAT DO ADAPTATION PRACTITIONERS NEED? POLICY, COMMUNICATION, COLLABORATION
• Communication – Making the case – Public
opinion, engage decision makers
– Visualizing Climate Resilience – Economics of best practices
23 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience
• Policy and program innovation – Use existing frameworks, e.g. NFIP, CZMA – Lessons from Federal Interagency Task Force – Reports from NHMA, RFF, Pew, Smarter-Safer…
• Collaboration – E.g., with Hazard Mitigation community!
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Together we can meet the Needs of the Adaptation and Hazard Mitigation Communities. This webinar series is a start. Later we’ll talk about potential follow up including research, papers, workshops and workgroups.
CCAP
Climate Adaptation & Transportation Growing Wealthier: Smart Growth, Climate Change, & Prosperity The Value of Green Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation Lessons Learned on local Climate Adaptation Ask the Climate Question Steve Winkelman • [email protected] Dr. Kelly Klima • [email protected] www.ccap.org/adaptation.html