Climate

CLIMATE CHANGE

Presented by:JOHN JULIUS BERMEJO

RT3 at Pateros Rescue Unit, LGU Pateros NCR

What is climate change?What is climate change?

““Change in climate which is Change in climate which is attributed directly to attributed directly to human human activity activity that alters the that alters the composition of the global composition of the global atmosphere and which is in atmosphere and which is in addition to addition to natural climate natural climate variabilityvariability observed over observed over comparable time periods.”comparable time periods.”

- - (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC])Change [UNFCCC])

Scientists now agreeScientists now agree that most of the global that most of the global warming today have been warming today have been caused by caused by

Human Human ActivitiesActivities

Human activities that lead to the Human activities that lead to the increase in increase in concentration of greenhouse gases concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) include:(GHGs) include:

Worldwide deforestationWorldwide deforestation

Increasing industrial activityIncreasing industrial activity

Motor vehicle emissionMotor vehicle emission

Waste management Waste management

practicespractices

Intensive agricultureIntensive agriculture

Waste as a source of GHG Waste as a source of GHG emissionsemissions Decaying solid waste in landfills emits methaneDecaying solid waste in landfills emits methane

KLIMAKLIMA

Waste as a source of GHG Waste as a source of GHG emissionsemissions

Decomposing waste in water also emit methaneDecomposing waste in water also emit methane

POOR WASTE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL

Source: National Geographic Magazine (2004)

PAGASA/DOST

What is global warming?What is global warming?

Global warming refers to the Global warming refers to the increase in the increase in the

earth’s mean temperature earth’s mean temperature due to the so-called due to the so-called

enhanced enhanced greenhouse greenhouse effect.effect.

How do GHG influence climate How do GHG influence climate change?change?

The higher the The higher the concentration concentration of greenhouse of greenhouse gases in the gases in the atmosphere, atmosphere,

the stronger the stronger the the greenhouse greenhouse effecteffect..

Source: IPCC TAR 2001

Strong temperature increase since 1975 (unprecedented)Strong temperature increase since 1975 (unprecedented)

Global Average Surface Temperature Has Risen Global Average Surface Temperature Has Risen (0.74°C) Over the Past 100 Years(0.74°C) Over the Past 100 Years

P h i l i p p i n e G H G I n v e n t o r y

W a s t e9 %

A g r i c u l t u r e3 2 %

I n d u s t r y1 0 %

E n e r g y4 9 %

S E C T O R C O 2 E m i s s i o n s ( G g )

E n e r g y 5 0 , 0 3 8I n d u s t r y 1 0 , 7 1 1A g r i c u l t u r e 3 3 , 1 3 7W a s t e 9 , 1 9 8

T O T A L 1 0 3 , 0 8 5

Impact of Climate Change

GLOBAL STATUSGLOBAL STATUSGLOBAL STATUSGLOBAL STATUS

Scientists’ reportScientists’ report:: By 2050, the By 2050, the world would reach the world would reach the tipping point tipping point of irreversible climate changeof irreversible climate change

Scientists’ reportScientists’ report:: By 2050, the By 2050, the world would reach the world would reach the tipping point tipping point of irreversible climate changeof irreversible climate change

Ice caps will melt, raising sea Ice caps will melt, raising sea

levels by 6 to 7 meterslevels by 6 to 7 meters

Ice caps will melt, raising sea Ice caps will melt, raising sea

levels by 6 to 7 meterslevels by 6 to 7 meters

• weather patters will be disrupted, causing weather patters will be disrupted, causing

stronger typhoonsstronger typhoons

• weather patters will be disrupted, causing weather patters will be disrupted, causing

stronger typhoonsstronger typhoons

Evidence indicated that people living Evidence indicated that people living in low-income countries are 4 times in low-income countries are 4 times more likely to die from extreme more likely to die from extreme natural disasters than those in high-natural disasters than those in high-income countries income countries

Women and men suffer different Women and men suffer different negative health consequences negative health consequences following a disaster following a disaster

Manifestations of Climate Manifestations of Climate ChangeChange … …

Melting of GlaciersArctic sea ice area decreased by 2.7% per decade

Greenland's glaciers are melting into the sea twice as fast asGreenland's glaciers are melting into the sea twice as fast as the previously believed rate of the previously believed rate of four miles per year.four miles per year.

TheThe Thames BarrierThames Barrier, , a major flood defense system a major flood defense system in London designed to be used once every two toin London designed to be used once every two to three yearsthree years is now being used six times a year is now being used six times a year due to increased rainfalldue to increased rainfall. .

• Increased coastal flooding

• Enhanced coastal erosion

• Salt-water intrusion

Possible Impacts

• Impacts of storm surge magnified

Sea Level Rise

Impact of sea-level rise in the Impact of sea-level rise in the PhilippinesPhilippines

Effect on coastal populations, habitats and infrastructures

Intrusion of sea water to upstream of rivers resulting in:

loss of ground water supply

loss of eco-systems loss of livelihoods

Above are significant : 7,107 islands 36,289 km of coastline many river systems

Human society and national economy

Disruption of settlements

Basic needs of humans

Increased migration

Pressures on urban infrastructures

Reduced GDP

Impact of sea-level riseImpact of sea-level rise

THREATEN FOOD SECURITYPrimarily Agricultural and Fishing Economy

Impacts: Agriculture Impacts: Agriculture (forestry)(forestry)

Increased outbreaks of pests Increased outbreaks of pests and and diseasesdiseases

Increased risk of forest firesIncreased risk of forest fires

Increased shift of speciesIncreased shift of species

GLOBAL IMPACTS TO GLOBAL IMPACTS TO HUMAN HEALTHHUMAN HEALTH

Disasters - threats to life & healthDisasters - threats to life & health

GLOBALLY:GLOBALLY:

2 billion people affected with 600,000 2 billion people affected with 600,000 fatalitiesfatalities

More than 2/3 of deaths occurred in More than 2/3 of deaths occurred in AsiaAsia

127 major disasters, 127 major disasters,

23% of all disasters worldwide, 23% of all disasters worldwide,

Occurred in Western Pacific Region Occurred in Western Pacific Region in the past 10 years in the past 10 years

Health Impact (Global)

• 1.8 M people die from diarrheal diseases

• 1.5 M deaths in the 0 – 5 y.o. age group

every year of 5,000 child deaths/day

• 88% attributed to unsafe water, inadequate

sanitation and hygiene

• 1.1 billion lack of access to an improved

drinking water supply

Major killers are climate sensitive Major killers are climate sensitive diseasesdiseases

- Each year:Each year:

- - Undernutrition kills 3.7 million Undernutrition kills 3.7 million

- Diarrhea kills 1.8 million- Diarrhea kills 1.8 million

- Malaria kills 1.1 million- Malaria kills 1.1 million

Each of these is highly sensitive to temperature and precipitationEach of these is highly sensitive to temperature and precipitation

Health workforce are central to Health workforce are central to identifying potential health risks identifying potential health risks

from natural hazards and promoting from natural hazards and promoting personal and community risk personal and community risk

reduction measuresreduction measures

It is essential to strengthen disaster It is essential to strengthen disaster preparedness in health sectorpreparedness in health sector

Hospitals/health facilities destroyed or damaged

People left without emergency care hospitals and health facilities fail to function.

More without public health and clinical services when operations are disrupted due to damage to facility

All disasters are health issue, All disasters are health issue, and damage to health and damage to health

systems affects every part of systems affects every part of society and the nations as society and the nations as

a whole.a whole.

Climate-Related Climate-Related Health RisksHealth Risks

The health effects of climate change

The health effects of climate change

Climate-related health risksClimate-related health risks

Direct impactsDirect impacts EXTREME COLDNESSEXTREME COLDNESS

heat stressheat stress

Indirect impactsIndirect impacts Communicable diseases Communicable diseases

Non-communicable diseases Non-communicable diseases (particularly coronary and (particularly coronary and

respiratoryrespiratory))

Climate-related health risksClimate-related health risks

Temperature related illness and deathTemperature related illness and death

Extreme weather related health effectsExtreme weather related health effects

Air pollution related diseasesAir pollution related diseases

Water and food borne diseaseWater and food borne disease

Vectorborne and rodent borne diseaseVectorborne and rodent borne disease

Food and water shortagesFood and water shortages

Population displacementsPopulation displacements

LOCAL HEALTH LOCAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF CLIMATE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE

CHANGE CHANGE

Environmental Health Situation

WHAT CAN THE LOCAL WHAT CAN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT DO?GOVERNMENT UNIT DO?

WHO ARE VULNERABLEWHO ARE VULNERABLE1. ELDERLY

- -more susceptible- More likely to have underlying disease- Decline immune system- Poor nutrition

2. THE YOUNG - not yet developed fully their functions

-thermoregulatory systems (heatstroke, diarrhea)-increase susceptibility to infectious diseases

3. THE POOR- Lack of resources- poor nutrition- compromised immune system-substandard housing-exposure to air pollution

WHO ARE VULNERABLEWHO ARE VULNERABLE

4. Pregnant Women4. Pregnant Women- prone to infection- prone to infection

- limited movement- limited movement

- considerations doubled- considerations doubled

5. Persons with Disability (PWD)5. Persons with Disability (PWD)

- absence of a sense or senses- absence of a sense or senses

- presence of deformity- presence of deformity

- limited ability- limited ability

Health sector actions on adaptation to Health sector actions on adaptation to climate change climate change

Source: Time Magazine, 1997

Diseases affected

by climate

Integrated vector management

EnvironmentalHealth capacity buillding

Safe drinkingwater

Health actionin emergencies

Infectious diseasesurveillance

Healthy Development

CC and Health: Adaptive CC and Health: Adaptive StrategiesStrategies

Public education and awarenessPublic education and awareness

Early-alert systems:Early-alert systems:

impending impending weather weather extremes,extremes,

infectious disease outbreaksinfectious disease outbreaks

Community-based neighborhood supportCommunity-based neighborhood support

Climate-proofed housing designClimate-proofed housing design

Disaster preparednessDisaster preparedness

health-system capacityhealth-system capacity

Protecting health facilitiesProtecting health facilities

Ensuring risk reduction in the design and construction of health facilitiesEnsuring risk reduction in the design and construction of health facilities

Improving the non-structural and functional vulnerability of existing Improving the non-structural and functional vulnerability of existing health facilitieshealth facilities

Adopting legislative and financial measures to select and retrofit the Adopting legislative and financial measures to select and retrofit the most critical facilities tomost critical facilities to increase levels of protectionincrease levels of protection

•Enhanced infectious disease control programs

vaccines,vector control,

case detection and treatment

Improved surveillance:

•Risk indicators e.g. mosquito numbers,

aeroallergen concentration

•Health outcomes

infectious disease outbreaks, rural suicide rates, seasonal asthma peaks

CC and Health: Adaptive Strategies

CC and Health: Main Types of Adaptive CC and Health: Main Types of Adaptive StrategiesStrategies

CoordinateCoordinate efforts on the efforts on the implementation implementation of commitments and of commitments and obligations to obligations to the the UNFCCC.UNFCCC.

Coordinate with relevant organizationsCoordinate with relevant organizations

Conduct and coordinateConduct and coordinate capacity capacity building building activities such as training activities such as training workshops workshops and and orientation orientation seminars.seminars.

Promote Public AwarenessPromote Public Awareness

Educate yourself, you family, your Educate yourself, you family, your friends, your co-workers and everyone friends, your co-workers and everyone you meet. you meet.

The more people are aware of the The more people are aware of the issues the more likely they are to make issues the more likely they are to make decisions that will be constructive! decisions that will be constructive!

Be activeBe active - Speak up in a positive way - Speak up in a positive way in your local community and in your local community and organization and help others to commit organization and help others to commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissionsto reducing greenhouse gas emissions. .

Methyl esterMethyl ester from coconutfrom coconut

Methyl esterMethyl ester from coconutfrom coconut

BiodieselBiodiesel from micro-from micro-algaealgae

BiodieselBiodiesel from micro-from micro-algaealgae

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

Transport SectorTransport Sector Transport SectorTransport Sector

Power SectorPower Sector Power SectorPower Sector

Clean energy resourcesClean energy resources: : wind, wind, solar, tidal, geothermal and solar, tidal, geothermal and hydro-electric powerhydro-electric power

Clean energy resourcesClean energy resources: : wind, wind, solar, tidal, geothermal and solar, tidal, geothermal and hydro-electric powerhydro-electric power


IndustriesIndustries IndustriesIndustries

Buildings must Buildings must be re-designed be re-designed for energy-for energy-efficiencyefficiency

Waste Waste management management practicespractices

Buildings must Buildings must be re-designed be re-designed for energy-for energy-efficiencyefficiency

Waste Waste management management practicespractices


Solid Waste Management R.A.9003Solid Waste Management R.A.9003 Solid Waste Management R.A.9003Solid Waste Management R.A.9003


Segregate wastes from the sourceSegregate wastes from the source

Properly-marked trash binsProperly-marked trash bins

Segregate wastes from the sourceSegregate wastes from the source

Properly-marked trash binsProperly-marked trash bins

Establishment Establishment of one MRF in of one MRF in each barangayeach barangay

Establishment Establishment of one MRF in of one MRF in each barangayeach barangay

RA 9003:RA 9003:RA 9003:RA 9003:


Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

• Recyclable products are usually made out of things that already have been used. It usually takes less energy to make recycled products than to make new ones. The less energy we use, the better.

• By recycling half of your household waste, you can

save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.


Biogradable Biogradable WastesWastes

Biogradable Biogradable WastesWastes

BioreactorsBioreactors BioreactorsBioreactors

500-kg unit500-kg unit500-kg unit500-kg unit 1-ton unit1-ton unit1-ton unit1-ton unit


Non-biogradableNon-biogradable Non-biogradableNon-biogradable

Tin cans, cartons, papers and Tin cans, cartons, papers and plastic bottlesplastic bottles = recycled; sold to = recycled; sold to junkshop for extra incomejunkshop for extra income

Small plastic wrappers and styropor Small plastic wrappers and styropor = = filling materials for tile and brick-makingfilling materials for tile and brick-making


ResidualsResiduals ResidualsResiduals

Urban Food Urban Food Garden Garden

Urban Food Urban Food Garden Garden


Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency

Replacing old bulbs Replacing old bulbs with with compact compact fluorescent lamps fluorescent lamps (CFLs)(CFLs)

Replacing old bulbs Replacing old bulbs with with compact compact fluorescent lamps fluorescent lamps (CFLs)(CFLs)


Carbon sinks Carbon sinks = = tree tree plantings; urban greeningplantings; urban greening

Carbon sinks Carbon sinks = = tree tree plantings; urban greeningplantings; urban greening


Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy


Disaster Disaster PreparednessPreparedness

Disaster Disaster PreparednessPreparedness Evacuation PlansEvacuation Plans

Refugee Refugee

managementmanagement

Strengthen vital Strengthen vital

installationsinstallations

Educate the publicEducate the public

Evacuation PlansEvacuation Plans

Refugee Refugee

managementmanagement

Strengthen vital Strengthen vital

installationsinstallations

Educate the publicEducate the public


WAR FOOTINGWAR FOOTINGWAR FOOTINGWAR FOOTING

Every citizen to be on Every citizen to be on “war footing” “war footing” against climate changeagainst climate change

“Total mobilizationTotal mobilization”” of all sectors of all sectors in order to abort the tipping pointin order to abort the tipping point

Every citizen to be on Every citizen to be on “war footing” “war footing” against climate changeagainst climate change

“Total mobilizationTotal mobilization”” of all sectors of all sectors in order to abort the tipping pointin order to abort the tipping point

Thank You !

Climate

Technology

impact of climate change

climate change unfccc

health impact global

ghg influence climate

unsafe water

climate changepresented

global impacts tohuman

climate sensitive diseases