© British Telecommunications plc 2018 Beyond 5G (1) Background (2) Industry Landscape (3) Network requirements 1 Paul Crane Director Converged Network Research BT Applied research 5 th February 2019
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© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Beyond 5G
(1) Background
(2) Industry Landscape
(3) Network requirements
1
Paul CraneDirectorConverged Network Research
BT Applied research5th February 2019
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
BT Applied Research Priorities
2
Converged networksIncluding mobile, fast copper
technology (G.fast) and quantum communications
TV, content and communications
including immersive entertainment and interactive
panoramic video
Operational transformation
Security and cyber defence
Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities
Artificial intelligence including Future analytics
and Big Data
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
From 1957
3
Source: https://becominghuman.ai/part-i-dont-fasten-your-seatbelts-your-car-is-driverless-aeaeeb86d5b8
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Industry Landscape
4
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Baseline: The journey towards 5G
5
Build new core –one, smart, digital network
Create a seamless experience for public WiFi
Launch a converged hardware portfolio Move from 3G to 5G
Switch on thefirst 5G network in the UK
Introduce IP Voice for our customers
Extend IMS capabilities to all our BT & EE customers
Increase mobile ‘Time on 4G’ to 99%
2018 2022
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Industry Economics: A look back at the communications market
6
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Industry Economics: Very competitive market
7
Total UK communications revenue last year declined to £54.7bn, the lowest level in the last five years
In the UK market, average monthly spend on communications services fell 1.2% in 2016/17
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Industry Economics: essential for todays society
8
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Evolving supply chain
9
Virtualisation is a very radical change to the way we build networks
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
What will customers want towards 2030?
5G requirements have so far stood
the test of time, except coverage.
Expect to see mission critical
becoming more prominent
Expect Ultra low latency to enable
new forms of collaboration and
entertainment
Towards the ‘hyper connected
society’?
10
Massive Machine Type Comms– IoT, Smart Home/Building/Factory/Energy, Smart
Agriculture, Logistics, Asset Tracking
Enhanced Mobile Broadband – UHD Video, Virtual/Assisted Reality, Interactive
gaming, Tactile Internet, Fixed Wireless Access
Mission Critical Machine Type Comms – self/assisted driving, traffic safety and
control, industry automation, remote surgery
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Network Requirements
11
Evolution not generationSimplificationCapacityCoverageSecurity
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Evolution not generation
1985 1992 2003 2012 2020+
GPRS EDGE HSPA 4G Pro
surprise and wondermobile voice for the
mass marketexpectation: voice,
text, internetdependency for
everyday lifewireless connectivity is
essential
1G TACS 2G GSM 3G UMTS 4G LTE 5G
Standardisation has been core to the success of telecoms and especially mobile
A generational technology change may no longer be sustainable
Industry should focus on enabling an evolutionary change
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Wi-Fi Evolution with Backwards Compatibility
Wi-Fi avoids spectrum re-farming by ensuring that all generations
of Wi-Fi technology can co-exist with each other in the same
spectrum.
This means that as new Wi-Fi technologies are introduced, the
proportion of traffic of the legacy generation will gradually decline
as the prevalence of new devices increases.
In the transition period, however, any client of any generation can
still communicate with any access point of any generation.
There is no switch-over day, nor any requirement to reserve
greenfield spectrum for the new technology.
Requiring that all new devices can send and receive transmissions
from all previous generations.
Standard Channel Modulation Channel BW (MHz)
MIMO
802.11b 2.4GHz only DSSS 22 No
802.11g 2.4GHz only OFDM64 QAM
20 No
802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)
2.4GHz and 5GHz
OFDM 64 QAM
20, 40 4 SU
802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)
5GHz only OFDM256 QAM
20, 40, 80, 160
8 MU
802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)
2.4GHz and 5GHz
OFDMA1024 QAM
20, 40, 80, 160
8 MU
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Evolution will not be challenge free
Pros Cons
• Old devices do not become obsolete – the earliest Wi-Fi device can talk to the latest.
• No need to allocate greenfield spectrum to the latest deployment, nor to “refarm” old allocations.
• Greater complexity in transceiver design – new transceivers are supersets of older ones.
• Can result in lower efficiency use of spectrum than would be possible with a greenfield approach.
• Does not promote the replacement of out-of-date, inefficient equipment.
14
Wi-Fi Backwards Compatibility – Pros and Cons
How do we make future mobile networks backwardly compatible?
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Coverage
Missing driver for 5G, we must void future rural / urban digital divide
Some industry activity innovating economic solutions
What else can be done?
15
Satellite backhaul
Rural small cell
Infill for railway cuttings (repeaters)
Railway tunnel
coverage
Tethered Balloons and
UAVs
Device to Device
1Gbps roadmap for trains
Lighthouse coverage for
Ships and UAVs
Rural small cell with in-
band backhaul
Indoor Multi-host solutions
Private 4G networks / NiB
/ Edge computing
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Achieving capacity growth
16
3KHz 30KHz 3MHz 30MHz300MHz 3GHz 30GHz
100km 10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 100mm 10mm 1mm
Mobile
TVWi-FiRadar
Radioastronomy
FM radio
SWradio
AM radio
Radio clocks
NavAids
Wave Length
Frequency
CapacityPropagation
Modulation
Spatial Multiplexing
Bandwidth
Use more spectrum – expensive or difficult
to use in a mobile system
Building more sites - expensive
Increase modulation rates
– near Shannon limit for current technology?
Spatial multiplexing – M-MIMO demonstrates
massive potential
How much capacity can we achieve in sub 6GHz
mobile spectrum?
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Simplification
Networks today are highly structured to make them understandable, predictable and manageable by people.
Complexity introduced to solve specific problems.
Self Organising Networks, AI/ML, web scale technologies and autonomics will remove the constraints of human understanding and structure, resulting in a network that is paradoxically simpler, more efficient & agile.
Can AI transform how we construct networks?
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Physical Simplification
18
Cell-less mobile Grid-less Optical
Distributed Massive MIMO
Cell-Free Massive MIMO
ITU 50GHz Grid
50GHz
50GHz
ITU 50GHz Grid
50GHz
ITU 50GHz Grid
50GHz 100GHz 150GHz25GHz
Flexgrid
Server-less networks
Functionsas a service
Advances in electronics, signal processing and compute infrastructure gives us the opportunity to revisit some basic assumptions about how networks are built
© British Telecommunications plc 2018
Security & TrustWireless systems are increasingly critical and new threats are inevitable
Security by design:
Wireless denial of service resilience
Protocol Attack
Spoofing
Eavesdropping
Prepare for Quantum Computing?
19
© British Telecommunications plc 201820
Evolution not generation
Coverage
Simplification
Capacity
Security
Summary
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