CLEAN ENERGY FROM CLEAN ENERGY FROM WASTE WASTE István Barta managing director, Bio-Genezis Environmental Ltd. www.bio-genezis.hu
Dec 18, 2015
CLEAN ENERGY FROM CLEAN ENERGY FROM WASTEWASTE
István Barta
managing director,
Bio-Genezis Environmental Ltd.www.bio-genezis.hu
WASTE OR ENERGY?WASTE OR ENERGY?
AMOUNT OF MSWAMOUNT OF MSWIN HUNGARYIN HUNGARY
90 000 120 000
210 000
Thousand t
Year
• soil cover• gravel layer • 2 x 25 cm mineral insulating layer• gas release layer 50 cm thick• deposited non hazardous waste
• geotextile 200 g/m2
• draining layer• Geotextile 1200 g/m2
• HDPE liner 2,5 mm thick• geo-electronic sensor system• mineral lining layer, min 50 cm
Closing:
Bottom lining:
LANDFILL BOTTOM LINING AND CLOSING
0
20
40
60
80
100I II III IV V
%
GENERATION AND COMPOSITION OF GENERATION AND COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL GASLANDFILL GAS
N2
CO2
CH4
N2
O2
O2
TimeI. Phase: aerob decompositionII. Phase: anaerobic conditions begin to developIII.Phase: acid phase (facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria) (pH ≈ 5) IV.Phase: methane fermentation phase (pH ≈ 6.8-8)V. Phase: maturation phase (slowly biodegradable waste)
H2
Month N2 CO2 CH4
0-3 5,2 88 5
3-6 3,8 76 21
6-12 0,4 65 29
12-18 1,1 52 40
18-24 0,4 53 47
24-30 0,2 52 48
30-36 1,3 46 51
36-42 0,9 50 47
42-48 0,4 51 48
GENERATION OF LANDFILL GASGENERATION OF LANDFILL GAS48 MONTHS AFTER CLOSING48 MONTHS AFTER CLOSING
DURING OPERATION
Solid Waste
Soil
Evapo-transpiration
Precipitation
Top
percolate
Surface runoff
MOISTURE BALANCE FOR LANDFILLMOISTURE BALANCE FOR LANDFILL
AFTER CLOSING
Solid waste
Surface runoff
Geomembran liner
Closing layer
Intercepted percolate
Sand
MOISTURE BALANCE FOR LANDFILLMOISTURE BALANCE FOR LANDFILL
Evapo-transpiration
Precipitation
EFFECT OF REDUCED MOISTURE CONTENT EFFECT OF REDUCED MOISTURE CONTENT
ON THE PRODUCTION OF LANDFILL GASON THE PRODUCTION OF LANDFILL GAS
Adequate moisture content to support anaerob digestion
Inadequate moisture content to support anaerob digestion
year
m3/y
DESCRIPTION%
(dry volume basis)
CO2 eq
CO2 40-60 1
CH4 45-60 21
N 2-5 296
Sulfids, disulfids, etc. (S)
0-1,0 22 200
Trace constituents 0,01-0,6 500-25 000
COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL GAS AND ITS COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL GAS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE EFFECTCONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE EFFECT
∑CH4 emission = 6 954 615 tCO2 equvalent = 153 001 530 t
Emission t/y
Year
THEORETICAL CHTHEORETICAL CH44 EMISSION ORIGINATING EMISSION ORIGINATING
FROM MSW FROM 1990 TILL 2030FROM MSW FROM 1990 TILL 2030
Emission
Total emission
Annual emmission
DESCRIPTION Units
Generated Waste
(1990-2030)≈ 210 million t
Methane emission (CH4) ≈ 7 million t
Greenhouse gases CO2 eq. ≈ 150 million t
Total energy content of generated waste
≈ 1.200 million GJ
- energy content of emited CH4 ≈ 350 million GJ
- energy content of the landfilled
plastic
≈ 850 million GJ
WASTE OR ENERGY?WASTE OR ENERGY?
DESCRIPTION2008 Biogas
Energy content
Total CO2
eq
Million t Mill Nm3/a PJ/a Mill t/a
Non-hazardous waste from agriculture and food industry
3,0
300
6,9
2,9
Non-hazardous industrial waste
18,0
720
16,6
7,1
MSW 5,2
1 040
23,9 10,2
Waste water 4,6
37
0,8
0,4
Waste water sludge 1,5
113
2,6
1,1
Hazardous waste 4,1
205
4,7
2,0
Total 36,4
2 414
55,5 23,7
Amount & EnergyAmount & Energy Content of Bio-waste and Its Content of Bio-waste and Its Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Effect (Hungary)Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Effect (Hungary)
Estimated data Mea
sure
men
ts
For
ecas
t
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
[ oC ]
1000 1500 2000 Year
CHANGES IN GLOBAL AVERAGE CHANGES IN GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE
COMPARISION OF BIOFUELSCOMPARISION OF BIOFUELS
Name of biofuel Yield Biofuel (l/t) Quantity l/ha Diesel-oil eq. Km/ha
Rape-oil 3,4 435 1.480 1.420,8 20.300
Biodiesel 3,4 455 1.550 1.410,5 20.150
Bioetanol-crops 6,6 387 2.550 1.683,0 21.500
Bioethanol-sugar beet
40,0 108 4.320 2.851.2 35.640
Bioethanol-sugarcane
57,0 93 5.300 3.498,0 43.725
Biomass to liquid 15,0 269 4.030 3.909,1 55.850
Bio-methane 45,0 110 (Nm3/t)
4.950 (Nm3/ha)
3.712,5 46.406
The amount of biofuel produced on 1 ha of agricultural land is enough for driving around the Globe once…
HOWEVER!!!twice as much energy is needed for the production of the biofuel itself!
ENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCYEnergy from Energy Crops
ENERGY CONTENT OF OUTPUT MATERIAL
TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
TECHNOLOGY
ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INPUT MATERIAL PRODUCTION
WASTE ENERGY
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF
THE TECHNOLOGY
ENERGY CONTENT OF
OUTPUT MATERIAL
=∑Eo(1-n)
∑Ei(1-n)
< 1 [ ≈ 0,1-0,5]=
Ei1
Ei2
EW
Eo
ENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCYEnergy from Waste
> 1 [ ≈ 3,0-5,0]
TECHNOLOGY
ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INPUT MATERIAL PRODUCTION
WASTE ENERGY
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF
THE TECHNOLOGY
ENERGY CONTENT OF
OUTPUT MATERIALEi1
Ei2
EW
Eo
ENERGY CONTENT OF OUTPUT MATERIAL
=∑Eo(1-n)
∑Ei(1-n)=
TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
12 000 t/év
Energy Source
Sun
Wood-waste
Wood-cut
Saw-dust
Grass,maizeclover
Rape-oilUsed oil
Solar energy
Solar energy
Biomass combustion
Pyrolysis
Biomass combustion
Thermicgassification
Esterification
Technology Energy
Fuel
Natural Gas
Electricity
Heating/CoolingPower Grid
Gas emginesGas
Steam turbineSteam
Gas engine
Combusting cell
Gas cleaning
Fischer-Tropsch
District heating
Bio-diesel
Gas
Biogass
Bio-Methan
Synthetic fuelGrainDigestion
Distillation
Glycerin
Oil-
cake
Bio-Ethanol
DDGS
Cellulose
Waste
GassificationMethanol synthesis
Synthetic-MethanolBiomass
We are looking for partners to develop- 2nd, 3rd generation - technologies for the utilization of: municipal solid waste,- wastewater, - animal manure,- agricultural byproducts,- forestry byproducts,- wastes from food industry
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR KIND
ATTENTION!
István Barta
managing director,
Bio-Genezis Environmental Ltd.www.bio-genezis.hu