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Clauses Independent Clauses An independent clause has a subject
and a predicate and can
stand alone as a sentence. This stand-alone sentence is called a
simple sentence.
Dependent Clauses A dependent clause has a subject and a
predicate but cannot
stand alone as a sentence. After reading a dependent clause, the
reader is left with a question, not a complete thought. When left
to stand alone, a dependent clause is a fragment. Subordinating
Conjunctions are used to begin most dependent
clauses. -After, although, as, because, before, if, since,
though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while
Practice Handout 1. What is a clause? (front & back)
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Simple Sentences A simple sentence consists of a single
independent clause.
Copy the following variations and examples into your notes:
• One subject and verb
• The siren sounded.
• Compound subject
• Cats and dogs ran down the street.
• Compound verb
• My sister acts and sings in the play.
• Compound subject and verb
• Art and archaeology reflect and explain Jerusalem’s
history.
Practice
1. Write your own example sentence for each of the above
variations.
2. WB Page 94, Exercise 1
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WB Page 94, Exercise 1
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Compound Sentences A compound sentence consists of two or more
independent clauses. The two independent clauses can be joined by a
comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS). • for, and, nor,
but, or, yet, so • The population of Israel is approximately
4,700,000, but
only 8 percent of people live in rural areas. OR They can be
joined by a semicolon (;). • EX: The population of Israel is
approximately 4,700,000;
only 8 percent of people live in rural areas.
Practice 1. Write 2 compound sentences: 1 with a
comma/coordinating
conjunction and 1 with a semicolon. 2. WB Page 94, Exercise
2
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WB Page 94, Exercise 2
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More Practice with Simple and Compound Sentences
Handout:
• Identifying Kinds of Sentences & Combining Sentences
• Combining Sentences 2
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Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions connect two
equal grammatical items. In the fall, Phillip will either start
classes at the community college as his mother wishes or join the
Navy, his father’s hope. Neither the potted ivy on the counter nor
the dirty dishes in the sink have enjoyed water on their surfaces
for the past week. Professor Wilson not only requires a 3,000-word
research essay but also assigns a 500-word reaction paper every
single week.
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/correlativeconjunction.htm
We hiked slowly, whether in a large group or by ourselves. We
have seen both the Hoover Dam and the Grand Canyon Dam. Practice 1.
WB Page 44, Exercise 2
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/correlativeconjunction.htmhttp://www.chompchomp.com/terms/correlativeconjunction.htmhttp://www.chompchomp.com/terms/correlativeconjunction.htm
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WB Page 44, Exercise 2
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Complex Sentences A complex sentence consists of one independent
clause and one or more dependent clauses. If the dependent clause
comes first, it DEPENDS on a comma and an independent clause to be
a complete sentence. EX: When the fog lifted, we continued our
trip. If the independent comes first, no comma is necessary before
the dependent clause. EX: We continued our trip when the fog
lifted. The dependent clause could also split up the independent
clause. EX: The person who will speak last is my sister.
Do not confuse subordinating conjunctions with relative
pronouns! Practice 1. Write 3 complex sentences – 1 of each of the
above variations. 2. Handout (front and back)
• Understanding Complex Sentences, Identifying Kinds of
Sentences • Creating Complex Sentences
file:///C:/Users/lbishop/Dropbox/- SJB 8/Grammar-Writing/Grammar
Q1/U3 - Types of Sentences/Relative Pronouns.pptx
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Compound-Complex Sentences A compound-complex sentence consists
of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent
clauses. EX: As he was leaving for school, Larry remembered to take
his lunch, but he forgot the report that he had finished the night
before.
Practice 1. Write 2 compound-complex sentences. 2. WB Page 96,
Exercises 2 & 3
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WB Page 96, Exercise 2
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WB Page 96, Exercise 3