Claude MonetNot to be confused with douard Manet, another
painterof the same era.For other uses, see Monet
(disambiguation).Oscar-Claude Monet (/mone/; French: [klod mn];14
November 1840 5 December 1926) was a founderof French Impressionist
painting, and the most consistentand prolic practitioner of the
movements philosophyof expressing ones perceptions before nature,
especiallyas applied to plein-air landscape painting.[1][2] The
termImpressionism is derived from the title of his
paintingImpression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which
wasexhibited in 1874 in the rst of the independent exhibi-tions
mounted by Monet and his associates as an alterna-tive to the Salon
de Paris.Monets ambition of documenting the French country-side led
him to adopt a method of painting the samescene many times in order
to capture the changing of lightand the passing of the seasons.From
1883 Monet livedin Giverny, where he purchased a house and
property,and began a vast landscaping project which included
lilyponds that would become the subjects of his best-knownworks. In
1899 he began painting the water lilies, rst invertical views with
a Japanese bridge as a central feature,and later in the series of
large-scale paintings that was tooccupy him continuously for the
next 20 years of his life.1 Monet and ImpressionismImpression,
Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant), 1872; the paint-ing that gave
its name to the style. Muse Marmottan Monet,Paris1.1 First
Impressionist exhibitionFrom the late 1860s, Monet and other
like-minded artistsmet with rejection from the conservative Acadmie
desBeaux-Arts, which held its annual exhibition at the Salonde
Paris.During the latter part of 1873, Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir,
Camille Pissarro, and Alfred Sisley or-ganized the Socit anonyme
des artistes peintres, sculp-teurs et graveurs (Cooperative and
Anonymous Associa-tion of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers) to
exhibit theirartworks independently. At their rst exhibition, held
inApril 1874, Monet exhibited the work that was to givethe group
its lasting name.Impression, Sunrise was painted in 1872, depicting
a LeHavre port landscape. From the paintings title the artcritic
Louis Leroy, in his review, L'Exposition des Im-pressionnistes,
which appeared in Le Charivari, coinedthe term "Impressionism".[3]
It was intended as dispar-agement but the Impressionists
appropriated the term forthemselves.[4][5]2 Biography2.1 Birth and
childhoodClaude Monet was born on 14 November 1840 on thefth oor of
45 rue Latte, in the 9th arrondissementof Paris.[6] He was the
second son of Claude AdolpheMonet and Louise Justine Aubre Monet,
both of themsecond-generation Parisians. On 20 May 1841, he
wasbaptizedinthelocal parishchurch, Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, as
Oscar-Claude, but his parents called him sim-ply Oscar.[6][7] (He
signed his juvenilia O. Monet.) De-spite being baptized Catholic,
Monet later became anatheist.[8][9]In 1845, his family moved to Le
Havre in Normandy. Hisfather wanted him to go into the family
grocery business,but Monet wanted to become an artist. His mother
was asinger.On 1 April 1851, Monet entered Le Havre secondaryschool
of the arts. Locals knew him well for his charcoalcaricatures,
which he would sell for ten to twenty francs.Monet alsoundertookhis
rst drawinglessons fromJacques-Franois Ochard, a former student of
Jacques-Louis David. On the beaches of Normandy around 1856he met
fellowartist Eugne Boudin, who became his men-tor and taught him to
use oil paints. Boudin taught Monet12 2 BIOGRAPHY"en plein air"
(outdoor) techniques for painting.[10] Bothreceived the inuence of
Johan Barthold Jongkind.On 28 January 1857, his mother died. At the
age of six-teen, he left school and went to live with his
widowed,childless aunt, Marie-Jeanne
Lecadre.TheWomanintheGreenDress, Camille Doncieux, 1866,Kunsthalle
Bremen2.2 ParisWhen Monet traveled to Paris to visit the Louvre, he
wit-nessed painters copying from the old masters. Havingbrought his
paints and other tools with him, he would in-stead go and sit by a
window and paint what he saw.[11]Monet was in Paris for several
years and met other youngpainters, including douard Manet and
others who wouldbecome friends and fellow Impressionists.In June
1861, Monet joined the First Regiment of AfricanLight Cavalry in
Algeria for a seven-year commitment,but, two years later, after he
had contracted typhoid fever,his aunt intervened to get himout of
the army if he agreedto complete an art course at an art school.It
is possiblethat the Dutch painter Johan Barthold Jongkind,
whomMonet knew, may have prompted his aunt on this mat-ter.
Disillusioned with the traditional art taught at artschools, in
1862 Monet became a student of CharlesGleyre in Paris,where he met
Pierre-Auguste Renoir,Frdric Bazille and Alfred Sisley. Together
they sharednewapproaches to art, painting the eects of light en
pleinair with broken color and rapid brushstrokes, in what
latercame to be known as Impressionism.Le djeuner sur l'herbe,
(right section), 18651866, withGustave Courbet, Frdric Bazille and
Camille Doncieux, rstwife of the artist, Muse d'Orsay, Paris[12]In
January 1865 Monet was working on a version of Ledjeuner sur
l'herbe, aiming to present it for hanging at theSalon, which had
rejected Manets Le djeuner sur l'herbetwo years earlier.[13] Monets
painting was very large andcould not be completed in time. (It was
later cut up, withparts now in dierent galleries.) Monet submitted
insteada painting of Camille or The Woman in the Green Dress(La
femme la robe verte), one of many works using hisfuture wife,
Camille Doncieux, as his model. Both thispainting and a small
landscape were hung.[13] The follow-ing year Monet used Camille for
his model in Women inthe Garden, and On the Bank of the Seine,
Bennecourt in1868. Camille became pregnant and gave birth to
theirrst child, Jean, in 1867.[14] Monet and Camille marriedon 28
June 1870, just before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War,[15]
and, after their excursion to London andZaandam, they moved to
Argenteuil, in December 1871.During this time Monet painted various
works of mod-ern life. He and Camille lived in poverty for most of
thisperiod. Following the successful exhibition of some mar-itime
paintings, and the winning of a silver medal at LeHavre, Monets
paintings were seized by creditors, fromwhom they were bought back
by a shipping merchant,Gaudibert, who was also a patron of
Boudin.[13]2.4 Impressionism 32.3 Franco-Prussian War and
ArgenteuilAfter the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War (19
July1870), Monet and his family took refuge in England inSeptember
1870,[16] where he studied the works of JohnConstable and Joseph
Mallord William Turner, both ofwhose landscapes would serve to
inspire Monets inno-vations in the study of color. In the spring of
1871,Monets works were refused authorisation for inclusionin the
Royal Academy exhibition.[15]In May 1871, he left London to live in
Zaandam, inthe Netherlands,[15]where he made twenty-ve paint-ings
(and the police suspected himof
revolution-aryactivities).[17]Healsopaidarst visit
tonearbyAmsterdam. InOctoberorNovember1871, here-turned to France.
From December 1871 to 1878 helived at Argenteuil,a village on the
right bank of theSeine river near Paris, and a popular
Sunday-outing des-tinationforParisians,
wherehepaintedsomeofhisbest-known works. In 1873, Monet purchased a
smallboat equipped to be used as a oating studio.[18] Fromthe boat
studio Monet painted landscapes and also por-traits of douard Manet
and his wife; Manet in turndepicted Monet painting aboard the boat,
accompaniedby Camille, in 1874.[18] In 1874, he briey returned
toHolland.[19]2.4 ImpressionismThe rst Impressionist exhibition was
held in 1874 at 35boulevard des Capucines, Paris, from15 April to
15 May.The primary purpose of the participants was not so muchto
promote a new style, but to free themselves from theconstraints of
the Salon de Paris. The exhibition, opento anyone prepared to pay
60 francs, gave artists the op-portunity to show their work without
the interference ofa jury.[20][21][22]Renoir chaired the hanging
committee and did most ofthe work himself, as others members failed
to presentthemselves.[20][21]In addition to Impression: Sunrise
(pictured above) Monetpresented four oil paintings and seven
pastels. Among thepaintings he displayed was The Luncheon (1868),
whichfeatures Camille Doncieux and Jean Monet, and whichhad been
rejected by the Paris Salon of 1870.[23] Alsoin this exhibition was
a painting titled Boulevard des Ca-pucines, a painting of the
boulevard done from the pho-tographer Nadars apartment at no. 35.
Monet paintedthe subject twice, and it is uncertain which of the
twopictures, that now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, orthat in
the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City,was the painting
that appeared in the groundbreaking1874 exhibition, though more
recently the Moscow pic-ture has been favoured.[24][25][26]
Altogether, 165 workswere exhibited in the exhibition, including 4
oils, 2 pas-tels and 3 watercolors by Morisot; 6 oils and 1 pastel
byMadame Monet in a Japanese kimono, 1875, Museum of FineArts,
BostonRenoir; 10 works by Degas; 5 by Pissarro; 3 by Czanne;and 3
by Guillaumin. Several works were on loan, in-cluding Czannes
Modern Olympia, Morisots Hide andSeek (owned by Manet) and 2
landscapes by Sisley thathad been purchased by
Durand-Ruel.[20][21][22]Thetotal attendanceisestimatedat 3500,
andsomeworks did sell, though some exhibitors had placed
theirprices too high. Pissarro was asking 1000 francs for
TheOrchard and Monet the same forImpression: Sunrise,neither of
which sold. Renoir failed to obtain the 500francs he was asking
forLaLoge, but later sold it for450 francs to Pre Martin, dealer
and supporter of thegroup.[20][21][22]Paintings 18581872View at
Rouelles, Le Havre 1858, Private collection;an early work showing
the inuence of Corot andCourbetMouth of the Seine at Honeur, 1865,
Norton SimonFoundation, Pasadena, CA; indicates the inuenceof Dutch
maritime painting.[1]Women in a Garden, 18661867, Muse
d'Orsay,Paris.[2]4 2 BIOGRAPHYWoman in a Garden, 1867, Hermitage,
St. Peters-burg; a study in the eect of sunlight and shadow
oncolourJardinSainte-Adresse, 1867, Metropolitan Mu-seum of Art,
New York.[3]The Luncheon, 1868, Stdel, which features
CamilleDoncieux and Jean Monet, was rejected by the ParisSalon of
1870 but included in the rst Impression-ists exhibition in
1874.[4]La Grenouillre 1869, Metropolitan Museumof Art,New York; a
small plein-air painting created withbroad strokes of intense
colour.[5]The Magpie, 18681869. Muse d'Orsay, Paris; oneof Monets
early attempts at capturing the eect ofsnow on the landscape. See
also Snow at Argenteuil.Le port de Trouville (Breakwater at
Trouville, LowTide), 1870, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest.[6]La
plage de Trouville, 1870, National Gallery, Lon-don. The left gure
may be Camille, on the rightpossibly the wife of Eugne Boudin,
whose beachscenes inuenced Monet.[7]Jean Monet on his hobby horse,
1872, MetropolitanMuseum of Art, New YorkSpringtime 1872, Walters
Art Museum1. ^ Norton Simon Museum2. ^ Muse d'Orsay3. ^
Metropolitan Museum of Art4. ^ Stdel5. ^ La Grenouillre at the
Metropolitan Museum ofArt6. ^ Le port de Trouville, Museum of Fine
Arts, Bu-dapest7. ^LaplagedeTrouville, 1870, National
Gallery,London2.5 Death of CamilleIn 1876,Camille Monet became ill
with tuberculosis.Their second son, Michel, was born on 17 March
1878.This second child weakened her already fading health. Inthe
summer of that year, the family moved to the villageof Vtheuil
where they shared a house with the family ofErnest Hosched, a
wealthy department store owner andpatron of the arts. In 1878,
Camille Monet was diagnosedwith uterine cancer,[27] and she died on
5 September 1879at the age of thirty-two.[28][29]Claude Monet,
Camille Monet on her deathbed, 1879, Mused'Orsay,
ParisPierre-Auguste Renoir, Portrait of Claude Monet, 1875,
Mused'OrsayMonet made a study in oils of his dead wife. Many
yearslater, Monet confessed to his friend Georges Clemenceau5that
his need to analyse colours was both the joy and tor-ment of his
life. He explained,I onedayfoundmyself lookingat mybeloved wifes
dead face and just systematicallynoting the colours according to an
automaticreex!John Berger describes the work as a blizzard of
white,grey, purplish paint ... a terrible blizzard of loss
whichwill forever eace her features. In fact there can be veryfew
death-bed paintings which have been so intensely feltor
subjectively expressive.[30]2.6 VtheuilAfter several dicult months
followingthedeathofCamille, Monet began to create some of his best
paint-ings of the 19th century. During the early 1880s,
Monetpainted several groups of landscapes and seascapes inwhat he
considered to be campaigns to document theFrench countryside. These
began to evolve into series ofpictures in which he documented the
same scene manytimes in order to capture the changing of light and
thepassing of the seasons.Monets friend Ernest Hosched became
bankrupt, andleft in 1878 for Belgium. After the death of
CamilleMonet in September 1879, and while Monet continuedto live in
the house in Vtheuil, Alice Hosched helpedMonet to raise his two
sons, Jean and Michel.She tookthem to Paris to live alongside her
own six children,[31]Blanche (who married Jean Monet), Germaine,
Suzanne,Marthe, Jean-Pierre, and Jacques. In the spring of
1880,Alice Hosched and all the children left Paris and re-joined
Monet at Vtheuil.[32] In 1881, all of them movedto Poissy, which
Monet hated. In April 1883, looking outthe window of the little
train between Vernon and Gasny,he discovered Giverny in
Normandy.[31][33][34]Monet,Alice Hosched and the children moved to
Vernon, thento the house in Giverny, where he planted a large
gardenand where he painted for much of the rest of his life.
Fol-lowing the death of her estranged husband, Monet mar-ried Alice
Hosched in 1892.[10]Paintings 18731879Camille Monet on a Garden
Bench, 1873,Metropolitan Museum of Art, New YorkThe Artists house
at Argenteuil, 1873, The Art Insti-tute of ChicagoCoquelicots, La
promenade (Poppies), 1873, Mused'Orsay, ParisArgenteuil, 1874,
National Gallery of Art, Washing-ton D.C.The Studio Boat, 1874,
Krller-Mller Museum, Ot-terlo, NetherlandsWoman with a Parasol -
Madame Monet and HerSon, 1875Flowers on the riverbank at
Argenteuil, 1877, PolaMuseum of Art, JapanSaint Lazare
trainstation, Paris, 1877, The Art In-stitute of ChicagoVtheuil in
the Fog, 1879, Muse Marmottan Monet,Paris3 GivernyStudy of a Figure
Outdoors: Woman with a Parasol, facing left,1886. Muse d'Orsay3.1
Monets house and gardenAt the beginning of May 1883, Monet and his
large fam-ily rented a house and 2 acres (8,100 m2) from a lo-cal
landowner. The house was situated near the mainroad between the
towns of Vernon and Gasny at Giverny.There was a barn that doubled
as a painting studio, or-chards and a small garden.The house was
close enoughto the local schools for the children to attend and
the6 4 LAST YEARSsurrounding landscape oered many suitable motifs
forMonets work. The family worked and built up the gar-dens and
Monets fortunes began to change for the betteras his dealer Paul
Durand-Ruel had increasing successin selling his paintings.[35] By
November 1890, Monetwas prosperous enough to buy the house, the
surround-ing buildings and the land for his gardens. During
the1890s, Monet built a greenhouse and a second studio, aspacious
building well lit with skylights.Monet wrote daily instructions to
his gardener, precisedesigns and layouts for plantings,and invoices
for hisoral purchases and his collection of botany books. AsMonets
wealth grew, his garden evolved. He remainedits architect, even
after he hired seven gardeners.[36]Monet purchased additional land
with a water meadow.In 1893 he began a vast landscaping project
which in-cluded lily ponds that would become the subjects of
hisbest-known works. White water lilies local to Francewere planted
along with imported cultivars from SouthAmerica and Egypt,
resulting in a range of colours in-cluding yellow, blue and white
lilies that turned pink withage.[37] In 1899 he began painting the
water lilies, rst invertical views with a Japanese bridge as a
central feature,and later in the series of large-scale paintings
that was tooccupy him continuously for the next 20 years of his
life.This scenery, with its alternating light and mirror-like
re-ections, became an integral part of his work. By themid-1910s
Monet had achieved:acompletelynew, uid, andsomewhataudacious style
of painting in which thewater-lily pond became the point of
departurefor an almost abstract artGary Tinterow[38][39]Monets
gardenInthe Garden, 1895, CollectionE. G. Buehrle,ZrichAgapanthus,
between 1914 and 1926, Museum ofModern Art, New YorkThe rose
arches, Giverny, 1913, private collectionWater Lilies andthe
Japanese bridge, 189799,Princeton University Art MuseumWater
Lilies, 1906, Art Institute of ChicagoWater Lilies, Muse Marmottan
MonetWater Lilies, c. 1915, Neue Pinakothek, MunichWater Lilies, c.
1915, Muse Marmottan MonetMonet, right, in his garden at Giverny,
19224 Last years4.1 Failing sightMonets second wife, Alice, died in
1911, and his old-est son Jean, who had married Alices daughter
Blanche,Monets particular favourite, died in 1914.[10] After Al-ice
died, Blanche looked after and cared for Monet. Itwas during this
time that Monet began to develop the rstsigns of
cataracts.[40]During World War I, in which his younger son
Michelserved and his friend and admirer Clemenceau led theFrench
nation, Monet painted a series of weeping willowtrees as homage to
the French fallen soldiers. In 1923, heunderwent two operations to
remove his cataracts. Thepaintings done while the cataracts aected
his vision havea general reddish tone, which is characteristic of
the vi-sion of cataract victims. It may also be that after
surgeryhe was able to see certain ultraviolet wavelengths of
lightthat are normally excluded by the lens of the eye; thismay
have had an eect on the colors he perceived. Afterhis operations he
even repainted some of these paintings,with bluer water lilies than
before.[41]4.2 DeathMonet died of lung cancer on 5 December 1926 at
the ageof 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery.[33]Monet
had insisted that the occasion be simple; thus only7about fty
people attended the ceremony.[42]His home, garden, and waterlily
pond were bequeathedby his son Michel, his only heir, to the French
Academyof Fine Arts (part of the Institut de France) in
1966.ThroughtheFondationClaudeMonet, thehouseandgardens were opened
for visits in 1980, followingrestoration.[43]In addition to
souvenirs of Monetandother objects of his life, the house contains
his collectionof Japanese woodcut prints. The house and garden,
alongwith the Museum of Impressionism Giverny, are major
at-tractions in Giverny, which hosts tourists fromall over
theworld.Monets late paintingsWater Lilies and Reections of a
Willow (191619),Muse Marmottan MonetWater-Lily Pond and Weeping
Willow, 19161919,Sale Christies New York, 1998WeepingWillow,
19181919, Columbus Museumof ArtWeeping Willow, 19181919, Kimball
Art Museum,Fort Worth, Monets Weeping Willowpaintings werean homage
to the fallen French soldiers of WorldWar IHouse Among the Roses,
between 1917 and 1919,Albertina, ViennaThe Rose Walk, Giverny,
192022, Muse Marmot-tan MonetThe Japanese Footbridge, 192022,
MuseumofModern ArtThe Garden at Giverny5 Monets methodsMonet has
been described as the driving force behindImpressionism.[44]
Crucial to the art of the Impressionistpainters was the
understanding of the eects of light onthe local colour of objects,
and the eects of the juxtapo-sition of colours with each other.[45]
Monets long careeras a painter was spent in the pursuit of this
aim.In1856, hischancemeetingwithEugeneBoudin, apainter of small
beach scenes, opened his eyes to the pos-sibility of plein-air
painting. From that time, with a shortinterruption for military
service, he dedicated himself tosearching for new and improved
methods of painterly ex-pression. To this end, as a young man, he
visited the ParisSalon and familiarised himself with the works of
olderpainters, and made friends with other young artists.[44]The ve
years that he spent at Argenteuil, spending muchtime on the River
Seine in a little oating studio, were for-mative in his study of
the eects of light and reections.Rouen Cathedral at sunset, 1893,
Muse Marmottan Monet. Anexample of the Rouen Cathedral Series.He
began to think in terms of colours and shapes ratherthan scenes and
objects. He used bright colours in dabsand dashes and squiggles of
paint. Having rejected theacademic teachings of Gleyres studio, he
freed himselffrom theory, saying I like to paint as a bird
sings.[46]In 1877 a series of paintings at St-Lazare Station
hadMonet looking at smoke and steam and the way that theyaected
colour and visibility, being sometimes opaqueand sometimes
translucent. He was to further use thisstudy in the painting of the
eects of mist and rain onthe landscape.[47] The study of the eects
of atmospherewere to evolve into a number of series of paintings
inwhich Monet repeatedly painted the same subject in dif-ferent
lights, at dierent hours of the day, and through thechanges of
weather and season. This process began in the1880s and continued
until the end of his life in 1926.His rst series exhibitedas
suchwas of Haystacks,painted from dierent points of view and at
dierenttimes of the day. Fifteen of the paintings were exhib-ited
at the Galerie Durand-Ruel in 1891. In 1892 he pro-duced what is
probably his best-known series, twenty-sixviews of Rouen
Cathedral.[45] In these paintings Monetbroke with painterly
traditions by cropping the subject sothat only a portion of the
facade is seen on the canvas.The paintings do not focus on the
grand Medieval build-8 6 FAMEing, but on the play of light and
shade across its surface,transforming the solid masonry.[48]Other
series include Poplars, Mornings on the Seine, andtheWater Lilies
that were painted on his property atGiverny. Between 1883 and 1908,
Monet traveled to theMediterranean, where he painted landmarks,
landscapes,and seascapes, including a series of paintings in
Venice.In London he painted four series: the Houses of Parlia-ment,
London, CharingCrossBridge, WaterlooBridge,and Views of Westminster
Bridge. Helen Gardner writes:Monet, withascienticprecision,
hasgiven us an unparalleled and unexcelled recordof the passing of
time as seen in the movementof light over identical
forms.[49]Series of paintingsLa Gare Saint-Lazare, 1877, Muse
d'OrsayArrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare,1877, The
Art Institute of Chicago[1]The Clis at Etretat, 1885, Clark
Institute,WilliamstownSailboats behind the needle at Etretat,
1885Two paintings froma series of grainstacks, 1890-91:Grainstacks
in the Sunlight, Morning Eect,Grainstacks, end of day, Autumn,
18901891, ArtInstitute of ChicagoPoplars (Autumn), 1891,
Philadelphia Museum ofArtPoplars at the River Epte, 1891
TateTheSeineNearGiverny, 1897, Museum of FineArts, BostonMorning on
the Seine, 1898, National Museum ofWestern
ArtCharingCrossBridge,1899,Thyssen-BornemiszaMuseum
MadridCharingCrossBridge, London,18991901,SaintLouis Art MuseumTwo
paintings from a series of The Houses of Par-liament, London,
190001, Art Institute of ChicagoLondon, HousesofParliament.
TheSunShiningthrough the Fog, 1904, Muse d'OrsayGrand Canal,
Venice, 1908, Museum of Fine Arts,BostonGrand Canal, Venice, 1908,
Fine Arts Museums ofSan Francisco1. ^ Art Institute of Chicago6
FameIn 2004, London, the Parliament, Eects of Sun in the
Fog(Londres, le Parlement, troue de soleil dans le
brouillard)(1904), sold for US$20.1 million.[50] In 2006, the
jour-nalProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety published a paperproviding
evidence that these were painted in situ at StThomas Hospital over
the river Thames.[51]Falaises prs deDieppe(Clis nearDieppe) has
beenstolen on two separate occasions: once in 1998 (in
whichthemuseumscuratorwasconvictedofthetheft andjailed for ve years
and two months along with two ac-complices) and most recently in
August 2007.[52] It wasrecovered in June 2008.[53]Monets Le Pont du
chemin de fer Argenteuil, an
1873paintingofarailwaybridgespanningtheSeinenearParis, was bought
by an anonymous telephone bidderfor a record $41.4 million at
Christies auction in NewYork on 6 May 2008. The previous record for
his paint-ing stood at $36.5 million.[54] Just a few weeks later,
Lebassin aux nymphas (from the water lilies series) soldat
Christies 24 June 2008 auction in London, lot
19,[55]for36,500,000($71,892,376.34)(hammerprice)or40,921,250
($80,451,178) with fees,nearly doublingthe record for the
artist[56] and representing one of thetop 20 highest prices paid
for a painting at the time.In October 2013, Monets paintings,
L'Eglise de Vetheuiland Le Bassin aux Nymphease, became subjects of
a legalcase in New York against NY-based Vilma Bautista, one-time
aide to Imelda Marcos, wife of dictator FerdinandMarcos,[57] after
she sold Le Bassin aux Nymphease for$32 million to a Swiss buyer.
The said Monet paintings,along with two others, were acquired by
Imelda duringher husbands presidency and allegedly bought using
thenations funds. Bautistas lawyer claimed that the aidesold the
painting for Imelda but did not have a chance togive her the money.
The Philippine government seeks thereturn of the painting.[57] Le
Bassin aux Nymphease, alsoknown as Japanese Footbridge over the
Water-Lily Pondat Giverny, is part of Monets famed Water Lilies
series.Series of water lilies in dierent lightsLe Bassin Aux
Nymphas, 1919. Monets late se-ries of Waterlily paintings are among
his best-knownworks.Water Lilies, 1919, Metropolitan Museum of
Art,New YorkWater Lilies, 19171919, Honolulu Museum of ArtWater
lilies (Yellow Nirwana), 1920, The NationalGallery, LondonWater
Lilies, circa 1915-26, Nelson-Atkins Museumof ArtThe Water Lily
Pond, c. 191719, Albertina, Vienna97 See alsoList of works by
Claude MonetHistory of paintingWestern painting8 References[1]
House, John, et al.: Monet in the 20th century, page 2,
YaleUniversity Press, 1998.[2] Claude MONET biography. Giverny.org.
2 December2009. Retrieved 5 June 2012.[3] From John Rewald, The
History of Impressionism[4] Impressionism: A Centenary Exhibition,
the MetropolitanMuseum of Art, December 12, 1974-February 10,
1975,Anne Distel, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York,N.Y.)[5]
Impressionism OverviewARTinthePICTURE.com.Retrieved 6 January
2007.[6] P. Tucker Claude Monet: Life and Art, p. 5[7] S. Patin,
Monet un il ... mais bon Dieu, quel il !", Col-lection Dcouverte
Gallimard. p. 14.[8] Steven Z. Levine (1994). 6. Monet, Narcissus,
and Self-Reection: The Modernist Myth of the Self (2 ed.).
Uni-versity of Chicago Press. p. 66. ISBN 9780226475431.Much closer
to Monets own atheism and pessimism isSchopenhauer, already
introduced to the impressionist cir-cle in the criticism of
Theodore Duret in the 1870s andwhose inuence in France was at its
peak in 1886, theyear of The World as Will and Idea.[9] Ruth Butler
(2008). Hidden in the Shadow of the Mas-ter: the Model-wives of
Czanne, Monet, and Rodin. YaleUniversity Press. p. 202. ISBN
9780300149531. ThenMonet took the end of his brush and drew some
longstraight strokes in the wet pigment across her chest. Itsnot
clear, and probably not consciously intended by theatheist Claude
Monet, but somehow the suggestion of aCross lies there on her
body.[10] Biographyfor ClaudeMonet GuggenheimCollection.Retrieved 6
January 2007.[11] GaryTinterow, Origins of Impressionism,
Metropoli-tan Museum of Art, Jan 1, 1994, ISBN
0870997173,9780870997174[12] Muse d'Orsay, Le djeuner sur l'herbe,
Notice de l'uvre,Iconographie[13] Charles F. Stuckey, p. 1116[14]
Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metmuseum.org. Re-trieved 20 December
2012.[15] Charles Stuckey Monet, a Retrospective, Hugh LauterLevin
Associates, 195[16] Monet, Claude Nicolas Pioch, www.ibiblio.org,
19September 2002. Retrieved 6 January 2007.[17] The texts of seven
police reports, written on 2 June 9October 1871 are included in
Monet in Holland, the cata-log of an exhibition in the AmsterdamVan
Gogh Museum(1986).[18] Wattenmaker, Richard J.; Distel, Anne, et
al. (1993).Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation.
NewYork: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 98.ISBN 0-679-40963-7[19] His
paintings are shown and discussed here .[20] Bernard Denvir, The
Chronicle of Impressionism: A Time-lineHistoryofImpressionist Art,
Bulnch Press Book,1993[21] Bernard Denvir,The chronicle of
impressionism: an in-timatediaryofthelivesandworldofthegreat
artists,Thames & Hudson, Limited, 1993[22] archives, Notes for
The First Impressionist Exhibition,1874[23] Stdelsches
Kunstinstitut und Stdtische Galerie, Frank-furt am Main[24]
Kennedy, Ian. KansascityorMoscow?", Apollo, 1March 2007. Retrieved
on 8 June 2009.[25] Nathalia Brodskaya, ClaudeMonet, Parkstone
Interna-tional, Jul 1, 2011[26] NathaliaBrodskaa, Impressionism,
ParkstoneInterna-tional, 2010[27] Jiminez, Jill Berk (2013).
Dictionary of Artists Models.Routledge. p. 165. ISBN
1135959145.[28] La Japonaise. artelino. Retrieved 5 June 2012.[29]
http://members.aol.com/wwjohnston/camille.htm[30] Berger, John
(1985). TheEyesofClaudeMonet fromSense of Sight. New York: Pantheon
Books. pp. 194195. ISBN 0-679-73722-7.[31] Biography of
Oscar-Claude Monet, The Life and Workof Claude Monet.
Monetalia.com. Retrieved 5 June2012.[32] Charles Merrill Mount,
Monet abiography, Simon andSchuster publisher, copyright 1966,
pp.309322.[33] Monets Village. Giverny. 24 February 2009.
Retrieved5 June 2012.[34] Charles Merrill Mount, Monet abiography,
Simon andSchuster publisher, copyright 1966, p326.[35]
MaryMathewsGedo, Monet andHis Muse: CamilleMonet in the Artists
Life, University of Chicago Press, Sep30, 2010, ISBN 0226284808,
9780226284804[36] Garrett, Robert (20 May 2007). Monets gardens a
drawto Giverny and to his art. Globe Correspondents. Re-trieved 13
October 2008.10 10 EXTERNAL LINKS[37] Art Gallery of Victoria,
Monets Garden, (retrieved 16December 2013)[38] The Metropolitan
Museumof Art, Water Lilies, HeilbrunnTimeline of Art History[39]
Gary Tinterow, Modern Europe, Metropolitan MuseumofArt (New York,
N.Y.), Jan 1, 1987[40] Forge, Andrew, and Gordon, Robert, Monet,
page 224.Harry N. Abrams, 1989.[41] Let the light shine in Guardian
News, 30 May 2002. Re-trieved 6 January 2007.[42] P. Tucker Claude
Monet: Life and Art, p.224[43] Historical record.
Fondation-monet.fr. Retrieved 19January 2010.[44] Jennings, Guy
(1986). Impressionist Painters. OctopusBooks. ISBN
9780706426601.[45] Gardner, Helen (1995). Art through the Ages
(10th Reissed.). Harcourt CollegePub. p. 669.
ISBN978-0155011410.[46] Jennings, p. 130[47] Jennings, p. 132[48]
Jennings p. 137[49] Helen Gardner, Art through the Ages, p. 669[50]
Monets masterpiece reaches record high bid newsfrom-russia.com, 5
November 2004. Retrieved 6 January 2007.[51] Virtual Monet
Thumbnails Pg 1| Special reports.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 5 June
2012.[52] Monet and Others Stolen in Museum Heist in Nice.
art-forum.com. 8 August 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2007.[53] French
police recover stolen Monet painting. artfo-rum.com. 1 October
2009. Retrieved 1 October 2009.[54] Monet fetches record price at
NewYorkauction.Google. AFP. 6 May 2008. Retrieved 19 January
2010.[55] Le Bassin Aux Nymphas. Christies of London. 24June 2008.
Retrieved 24 June 2008.[56] Monet work auctioned for 40.9m.
BBCNews. 24 June2008. Retrieved 24 June 2008.[57] Ex-Imelda Marcos
aide on trial in NYC for selling Monetwork. Associated Press. 17
October 2013. Retrieved 17October 2013.9 Further readingHoward,
Michael The Treasures of Monet.(MuseMarmottan Monet, Paris,
2007).Kendall, Richard Monet by Himself, (Macdonald &Co 1989,
updated Time Warner Books 2004), ISBN0-316-72801-2Monets years at
Giverny: Beyond Impressionism.NewYork: TheMetropolitanMuseumof
Art.1978. ISBN 978-0-8109-1336-3. (full text PDFavailable)Stuckey,
CharlesF., Monet, aretrospective, BayBooks, (1985) ISBN
0-85835-905-7Tucker, Paul Hayes, Monet in the '90s. (Museum ofFine
Arts in association with Yale University Press,New Haven and
London, 1989).Tucker, Paul HayesClaudeMonet: LifeandArtAmilcare
Pizzi, Italy 1995 ISBN 0-300-06298-2Tucker, Paul Hayes, Monet inthe
20thcentury.(Royal Academy of Arts, London, Museum of FineArts,
Boston and Yale University press. 1998).10 External linksClaude
Monet at the Museum of Modern ArtClaude Monet, Ministre de la
culture et de la com-municationClaude Monet, Joconde, Portail des
collections desmuses de FranceMonet at GivernyUnion List of Artist
Names, Getty VocabulariesWorks by or about Claude Monet in
libraries(WorldCat catalog)Claude Monet at The
GuggenheimImpressionism: acentenaryexhibition, an exhibi-tion
catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art(fully available online
as PDF), which contains ma-terial on Monet (p. 131167)1111 Text and
image sources, contributors, and licenses11.1 Text Claude Monet
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Monet?oldid=674647377
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CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSESgism, Jeccabreen, Periglio, VIAFbot,
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Marioorellanaencinar andAnonymous: 105611.2 Images
File:Claude_Monet,_1879,_Camille_sur_son_lit_de_mort,_oil_on_canvas,_90_x_68_cm,_Muse_d'Orsay,_Paris.jpg
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10.000MeisterwerkederMalerei. DVD-ROM, 2002. ISBN 3936122202.
Distributed byDIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH. Original artist: Claude
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