© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 28 6.2 Classifying the Elements A coin may contain much information in a small space— its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table.
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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide
1 of 28
6.2 Classifying the Elements
A coin may contain much
information in a small space—
its value, the year it was
minted, and its country of
origin. Each square in a
periodic table also contains
information. You will learn
what types of information are
usually listed in a periodic
table.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements >
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6.2 Squares in the Periodic Table
Squares in the Periodic Table
What type of information can be
displayed in a periodic table?
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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table
The periodic table displays the symbols
and names of the elements, along with
information about the structure of their
atoms.
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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table
The background colors in the squares are used
to distinguish groups of elements.
• The Group 1A elements are called alkali metals.
• The Group 2A elements are called alkaline earth metals.
• The nonmetals of Group 7A are called halogens.
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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table6.2
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Classifying the Elements >
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Electron Configurations in Groups
Electron Configurations in Groups
How can elements be classified based
on their electron configurations?
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
Elements can be sorted into noble gases,
representative elements, transition
metals, or inner transition metals based
on their electron configurations.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
Chemical Properties and Electron Configuration
• The chemical properties of elements are largely dependent on their electrons.
•Only the electrons in the highest occupied energy level are involved in chemical
reactions.
• We call these electrons valence electrons
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
Chemical Properties and Electron Configuration
• Example:
• The electron configuration for lithium is 1s22s1
• The highest occupied energy level is 2.
• There is 1 electron in that level
• So, lithium has 1 valence electron.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
The blimp contains
helium, one of the
noble gases.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
The Noble Gases
The noble gases are the elements in Group 8A
of the periodic table. The electron configurations
for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are
listed below.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
The Representative Elements
Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often
referred to as representative elements because
they display a wide range of physical and
chemical properties.
• The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled.
• The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there
is only one electron in the highest occupied
energy level.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there
are four electrons in the highest occupied energy
level.
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Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements
Representative Elements
6.2
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Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements
Representative Elements
6.2
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Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements
Representative Elements
6.2
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Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements
Representative Elements
6.2
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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements
Transition Elements
There are two types of transition elements—
transition metals and inner transition metals.
They are classified based on their electron
configurations.
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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements
In atoms of a transition metal, the highest
occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel
contain electrons.
In atoms of an inner transition metal, the
highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f
sublevel generally contain electrons.
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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements
Blocks of Elements
6.2
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