Classificatio n
Jan 03, 2016
Classification
Vocabulary1.Biodiversity 2. Taxonomy3.Taxon 4. Kingdom5.Domain 6. Phylum7.Division 8. Class9.Order 10. Family11. Genus 12. Species13. Binomial 14. Subspecies Nomenclature
The Art of Naming• There are a lot of different animals
on this planet (Biodiversity) and they all need names.
• The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms is called
taxonomy
Problems?1. Common names can be misleading
Sea cucumber sounds like a plant but… it’s an animal!
Ex: A jelly fish isn’t a fish, but a seahorse is! Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish
Image from: http://www.alaska.net/~scubaguy/images/seacucumber.jpg
Problems?2. Common names vary from place to place
Ex: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar are all names for same animal
Image from: http://www4.d25.k12.id.us/ihil/images/Cougar.jpg
Problems?3. Same organisms have different
names in different countries.
ChipmunkStreifenhörnchen (German)Tamia (Italian)Ardilla listada (Spanish)
Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm
Solution?Some early scientists devised scientific names using long descriptions in LATIN.
RED OAKQuercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis
RED OAK Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis
setaceo-mucronatis
PROBLEMS?Names too hard and long to remember!
“oak with leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hairlike bristles”
Names don’t show relationships between different animals
Questions1. What is the branch of biology
called that names and classifies organisms?
2. What is the problem with common names?
First classification system
• Aristotle– Created 1st classification system– Divided all living organisms into plants
and animals– Did not work because categories were
too broad
Carolus Linnaeus to the rescue
• Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) devised a new system of naming organisms.
• He grouped organisms into categories according to their form and structure.
• He had 7 levels to his organization:Kingdom
PhylumClass
OrderFamily
GenusSpecies
Animal Classification
Animal classification video notes
• Animals are classified based on body size, # of tissue layers, presence or absence of certain organs
• Divided .. With (vertebrates) or without backbone (invertebrates)
• There is ONE phylum for vertebrates • There are 29 PHYLA of inverts • Inverts make up 95% of all organisms • Classification/taxonomy provided the
framework for communication worldwide
Kidspiration by Riedell
How Do I Remember This?
KidsPreferCheeseOverFriedGreen Spinach
KingPhillipCameOverFromGreat Spain
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus Species
By Using Mnemonics
3. How are organisms classified?
Modern Classification
• Carl Woese introduced the three-domain system.
• All the kingdoms are now divided into the 3 domains:–Archae – includes extreme bacteria–Bacteria – regular bacteria
–Both prokaryotes–Eukarya – eukaryotes (everything
else)
6 Kingdoms & 3 Domains
• Domains– Archaea• Archaebacteria (extreme bacteria)
– Bacteria• Eubacteria (regular bacteria)
– Eukarya• Protista• Plantae• Fungi• Animalia
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Our Focus•Domain – Eukarya
•Kingdom - Animalia
Comparison of Contributors
Aristotle• Created 1st classification
system• Divided all living
organisms into plants and animals
• Did not work because categories were too broad
Linnaeus• Created today’s 7 taxa
system• Largest taxon: Kingdom• Smallest taxon: Species• Created binomial
nomenclature• Gives scientific name
made of genus and species
Woese• Created 3 domain
system
Taxon (taxa plural – any particular group in a taxonomic system
Binomial Nomenclature
• A system of two-part names to identify organisms.
• 1st name is the Genus name– (First Letter is always capitalized)
• 2nd name is the Species identifier– (First letter is always lowercase)
• Both names are either Underlined or written in Italics
Binomial Nomenclature
Vampire batDesmodus rotundus
Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus
Image from: http://212.84.179.117/i/Vampire%20Bat.jpg
Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm
Binomial nomenclature
Humans
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
Image from: http://www.earlylearning.ubc.ca/images/photo_baby.jpg
Questions Cont.4. Who came up with a good solution
for naming organisms?
5. What system did he come up with to classify organisms?
6. How did he name organisms?
ABC BrainstormingOn a sheet of paper write the alphabet
down the left side of the paper.Next to each letter write down words
associated with Classification and Taxonomy:
Eg:A – ArchaeaB – BacteriaC – classification