classification of pnemonia

ROHIT BACHWALA512

CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMONIA

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung.

- Most cases of pneunomin are caused by microorganism.- non infectious causes include aspiration of food or gastric acid foreign bodies hydrocarbons and lipoid.substances hypersensitivity reaction and drug or radiation induced pneumonitis.

PNEUMONIA

• Classification .1 : Anatomical classification.A – lobar pneumonia .

The consolidalion involves all or part of lobe B – Bronchopneumonia

the consolidation involves scattered lobulesC - Interstitial pneumonia .

As in viral pneumonia where inflammatory .Infiltrate involve mainly interstitial tissue between alveli.

PNEUMONIA

2 : Etiological classfication.the cause of pneumonia in patient is often difficult to

determine because direct culture of lung tissue invasive and rarely performed.- culture obtained from upper respiratory tract or sputum genenally not accurately.

PNEUMONIA

-Fungal. Histoplasma capsulatum Bird bat contact

Cryptococcus neoformans Bird contact.Aspergillus species Immunosuppressed.Mucomycosis ImmunosuppressedCoccidioides immitisBlastomyces dermatitides

PNEUMONIA

-Rickettsial

Coxiella burnetii Goat sheep cattle exposureRickettsia rickettsiae

PNEUMONIA• Mycobacterial

Nycobacterium Tuberculosis Developed countries Nycobacterium avium-inteacellulare Immunosuppressed.

•ParasiticPneumocystis Carini Immunosuppressed. Steroid.Eosinophilic Ascaris .Loeffler syndrom •Non infectious causes-Aspiration Of food.-Gastric acid.-foreign body.-Hydrocarbon Kerosen-Lipoid substances- Aspiration of amniotic fluid.

PNEUMONIAAge groupFrequent PathogensNeonate <1moGroup B straptococcus – E coli

streptococcus Pneumoniae – H influeza.1-3 mo febrile Pneu

Rsv . Influenza viruses para fluenza viruses – adenovirus S. pneumoniae . H . influenza

Afebrile PneuChlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma hominis cytomegalovirus.

3 – 12 moR.S.V Influenza viruses para fluenza viruses adenovirus S. pneumoniae H . Influenza Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Group A straptococcus

2 – 5 yrInfluenza viruses para fluenza viruses adenovirus S. pneumoniae H . Influenza Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniaeGroup A straptococcus S . Aureus.

5 – 18 yrMycoplasma pneumoniae S. pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae H . Influenza Influenza viruses adenovirus

> 18 yrMycoplasma pneumoniae S. pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae H . Influenza Influenza viruses adenovirus.

PNEUMONIA• Hospitalization of children with pneumonia

-Age < 6 month- Sickle cell anemia with acute chest syndrom.- Multiple lobe involvement.

-Immunocompromised-Toxic appearance .

-Sever respiratory distress-Requirement for supplemental oxygen.

-Dehydration -Vomiting.

-No response to oral antibiotic. -Non compliant parent.

PNEUMONIA• Recurrent pneumonia

-Hereditary disorderCystic fibrosisSickle cell disease-Disorders of immunityAidsBruton agammaglobulemiaSelective IgG subclass deficienciesCommon variable immunodeficiency syndromSever combined immunodeficiency syndrom-Disorders of leukocytes

�ٍChronic granulomatous diseaseHyperimmunoglobulin E syndromeLeukocyte adhesion defect

PNEUMONIA- Disorders of ciliaImmotile cilia syndromKartagener syndrom

-Anatomic disorderSequestration Lobar emphysemaEsophageal refluxForeign bodyTracheo esophageal fistula ( H type )Gastroesophageal refluxBronchietasisAspiration ( oro pharyngeal in coordination )

PNEUMONIA

PNEUMONIA•Viral pneumonia usually result from spread of infection along the air way. Accompanied by direct injury of respiratory epithelium resulting in air way obstruction from swelling abnormal secretion and cellular debris small calibar of air way in young infant makes them particularly susceptible to sever infection.Viral infection predispose to secondary bacterial infection by disturbing normal host defense mechanism altering secretion and modifying bacterial flora.

PNEUMONIA•Bacterial infectionIn bacterial infection pathologic process varies according to the invading organism M . Pneumoniae attaches to the respiratory epithelium inhibit ciliary action and Lead to cellular destruction and an inflammatory response in the submucosaas the infection progresses sloughed cellular debris inflammatory cell and mucusCause airway obstruction with spread of infection occuriang along the bronchialTree as in viral pneumoia.

- S . PneumoniaeProduce local edema that aids in the proliferation of organism and their spreadInto adjacent portion of lung often resulting in the characteristic focal lobar Involvement

PNEUMONIA-Grop A . Streptococcus pathology Includes necrosis of tracheobronchial mucosa formation -of large amount of exudate edema and local hemorrhage with extension into the Interalveolar septa and involvement of lymphatic vessel and pleura.

-S – aureus pneumoniaproduces Toxin and enzymes as hemolysin coagulase and

-staphylo kinaseIt causes broncho pneumonia often unilateral characterized by

prensence ofHemorrhagic necrosis and irregular areas of cavitation of lung parenchymaResulting in pneumatoceles empyema or broncho pulmonary fistulaPyopneumothorax.

X-RAYS

Viral pneumonia x-ray

X-RAYS

Lobar pneumonia x-ray (RUL)

X-RAYS

bronchopneumonia x-ray

X-RAYS

Staph pneumonia x-ray

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